JOURNAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCHES

The current research aimed to identify the level of anxiety in mathematics, and its relationship to pivotal thinking skills among middle school students. The research sample consisted of (400) male and female students from the third intermediate grade students in the General Directorates of Education / Baghdad / Rusafa and Karkh during the first semester of the academic year 2022-2023, with (200) male and (200) female students. For the purposes of this study, the researcher adopted the Mathematics Anxiety Scale (MARS), which was prepared by (Abed and Yaqoub, 1990) after its modification and re-rationalization on the Iraqi environment. A test was also prepared in pivotal thinking skills for students of the third intermediate grade, consisting of (21) essay items. Checking the apparent validity and the constructive validity of the two search tools, and the Couder-Richardson equation (20) and Cronbach alpha were used to calculate the stability, which amounted to (0.87) and (0.81), respectively. The results revealed that the male and female students of the research sample have very high scores in the anxiety scale in mathematics, and that the anxiety of mathematics is higher for females compared to males, and that the male and female students of the research sample have scores lower than the hypothetical average in the pivotal thinking skills test. The results indicated that there is an inverse statistically significant correlation between math anxiety and pivotal thinking skills, that is, the greater the math anxiety, the lower the pivotal thinking skills. The researcher recommended working on developing the curricula in general and the mathematics curricula in particular for the students of the third intermediate grade and adopting a variety of methods in teaching them, so that students can use them without difficulty, and the need to include programs for preparing mathematics teachers topics on pivotal thinking skills and their educational applications in all educational stages, and holding meetings Guidance by specialists to address students\' math anxiety. It suggests conducting a study showing the relationship between the level of anxiety and classroom performance of newly appointed teachers, and conducting a study to find out the extent to which mathematics teachers have pivotal thinking skills

The current research aimed to build an illustrated vocational concepts test for kindergarten children (primary stage) aged (5-6) years. To achieve the research goal, the researcher selected a sample of (200) male and female children from government kindergartens affiliated with the (First Rusafa) Education Directorate in the city of Baghdad, and the researcher built the research tool (the pictorial professional concepts test), after completing the procedures for building the professional concepts test, which in its final form included (45) pictorial items distributed over three areas, which are as follows: The first area: names of professions (15 items), and the second area : Profession tools (15 items), and the third field: Profession activities (15 items), and the researcher applied the test to the research sample, and the time period spent in applying the test was (20) minutes, and the researcher verified the standard psychometric properties of the test, and after treatment Statistics represented by the use of the statistical package (SPSS), the researcher concluded that it is possible to measure vocational concepts among kindergarten children, and in light of the research results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and a set of proposals.

The goal of the current research is to know the level of wisdom and tendency toward forgiveness among university students and the differences in the two variables according to the variables of gender (males - females) and specialization (scientific - humanities). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a measure of the development of wisdom for (Ayoub, 1012), which he translated and codified. On the Arab environment, and the Sartland Scale for the Tendency towards Forgiveness (by Thompson and his colleagues), and the measure of the level of wisdom consists of (64) items distributed over (8) areas, namely self-knowledge (4) items, emotional management (5) items, and altruism (12) items. Inspiring participation (10) paragraphs, wisdom (7), knowledge of life (11) paragraphs, life skills (10) paragraphs, desire to learn (5) paragraphs. While the measure of inclination towards forgiveness consists of (18) items distributed over (3) domains, each domain has (6) items, and the domains are: forgiveness for oneself, forgiveness for others, and forgiveness in situations. The researcher extracted the psychometric properties of the two scales, represented by both types of validity (face validity and construct validity) and reliability, which was extracted using the Cronbach's alpha method. The reliability value for the first scale was (0.847), while the reliability value for the second scale was (0.871). In light of the results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals. .

The current research aims to identify the structure of the physical concepts test for kindergarten children. The Listening Foundation tested the physical concepts after reviewing the theories and studies related to the subject of its research, as the physical concepts test includes (32) items distributed over nine sections, each area (4) items for each. In the field, the test instructions for each calculation were prepared and the scientific instructions for building the group were prepared. The test score was determined (0 - 1) with two alternatives to it (true - true). The automatic gain of the research tool was verified, represented by: honesty and consistency, and the validity of the two aspects was verified: honesty. Virtual, construct validity, and physical concepts were extracted using the test-retest method and the Kــ20 equation The research results were reached: Kindergarten children possess physical concepts, and there are no differences between males and females in physical concepts.

The current research aims at finding out the level of
1- Analytical thinking of literary fourth-grade students in the subject of history.
2-The relationship of analytical thinking to the achievement of the subject of history among literary fourth-grade students
To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the descriptive approach (the method of correlative studies). The research population is composed by 451literary fourth grade students of the public daytime preparatory and secondary schools affiliated to the center of Diyala province for the academic year (2020-2021) based on the statistics of the General Directorate of Education -Diyala Department of Educational Planning and Statistics
All of the members of research population have been see sample for The research, which is consisted of (371) mall students after excluding two schools from the population namely (Al-Najaf Al- Ashraf Secondary school of for boys) and (Tarfa Bin Al-Abad Secondary School of for boys to complete the research procedures .

current research aims to identify: The
Mathematical ability among second intermediate/Rusafa first year students.1
2.Contemplative thinking among second-year intermediate/first-Rusafa students
3.The nature and direction of the correlation between mathematical ability and reflective thinking among second year intermediate/Rusafa first year students.
The research community consists of the second intermediate year students for the academic year (2021 - 2022) in Rusafa/First, who number (27312) male and female students. The basic research sample consisted of (200) students from the second intermediate year/Rusafa First, and to verify its objectives and collect... According to its data, two tests were prepared, the first for mathematical ability and the other for reflective thinking, and they were applied to the exploratory sample to demonstrate the clarity of the items for each test, determine the test time, and conduct appropriate statistics. The items in the mathematical ability test amounted to (18) objective items and the reflective thinking test (18) objective items, noting that The two tests are of the (multiple choice) type, and the researcher used statistical methods to find out the results and extract the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test for one sample, and the Person correlation coefficient. His results indicated that the students of the second intermediate year / first Rusafa possess mathematical ability and contemplative thinking that are higher than the hypothesized average. For the two tests, there is a positive correlation between mathematical ability and reflective thinking, and the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals.

The current research aims to analyze the lateral thinking test (B) using the one-parameter logistic model (Rasch model) according to item response theory. For the purpose of statistical analysis of the lateral thinking test items (B) using (Rasch model), the researcher applied the lateral thinking test (B) according to The Rasch model was used on a sample of (300) male and female students from Al-Mustansiriya University in Baghdad Governorate according to the variables of gender (males and females) and specialization (scientific and humanities). The researcher used the lateral thinking test (B), which consists of (30) items of varying scope. It is difficult and consists of four alternatives, as it consists of mathematical examples, drawings, and situations that require a solution.

The current research aims to identify:
1- Successful intelligence among kindergarten teachers.
2 Identify the successful intelligence of kindergarten teachers by specialization variable
To achieve the objectives of the current research The researcher prepared a successful intelligence scale for kindergarten teachers, chose the research community from kindergarten teachers in the city of Baghdad with its sides Karkh and Rusafa, and the research sample (400) parameter has been preparing a scale (successful intelligence), which reached the number of paragraphs (37) paragraph and after extracting the psychometric properties of honesty and stability using statistical media (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T-test to one sample, and T test to two independent samples, Pearson's correlation coefficient, alpha-Krumbach coefficient comparisons) , the final version of the two scales was come up with and applied to the basic sample and after the data processor statistically the researcher reached the following
1 Kindergarten teachers have "successful" intelligence.
2. There are no differences between kindergarten teachers in successful intelligence according to their specialization (kindergarten, other specialization

The research aims to measure systemic intelligence and mental wandering and to find differences between the variables of gender and specialization and between the two variables. Statistical methods such as Pearson correlation, t-test, two-way analysis of variance, standard deviation, Cronbach’s alpha equation, skewness and kurtosis using the statistical program spss. By using appropriate measurement tools and relying on a sample of (400) male and female students, it was found that there is a high level of systemic intelligence and mental wandering among the sample members, and there is a statistically significant difference according to the gender variable, and there is no difference in the specialization variable with respect to the systemic intelligence variable. As for mental wandering, there is no A statistically significant difference according to the variables of gender and specialization, with no significant interaction between the variables (gender and specialization) among the sample members according to the variables of systemic intelligence and mental wandering.

The present study endeavors to ascertain the proficiency of visual mathematical thinking skills in middle school students, with a focus on gender differences. Various hypotheses were postulated in order to fulfill the research aim. The study sample comprised 400 students, both male and female, from the First Al-Karkh Directorate of Education. A measurement instrument was devised in the form of a test consisting of 20 items distributed among five skill domains: shape recognition and characteristics, shape analysis, connecting relationships in shapes, perception and resolution of ambiguity, and extraction of meaning. Upon completion of statistical analyses, the subsequent deductions were drawn:
1. The sample population under study demonstrates insufficient competence in visual mathematical thinking skills.
2. Both male and female students (the study sample) manifest analogous visual thinking proficiencies.
Based on these outcomes, the ensuing suggestions and propositions were posited: Suggestions:
1. Advocate for the integration of activities and tasks pertaining to visual thinking skills within the curriculum of middle school mathematics.
2. Engage mathematics educators in training sessions focusing on visual thinking techniques. 3. Harness educational materials, visuals, and tangible shapes to augment the visual thinking capacities of students.
Proposals: 1. Introduce contemporary pedagogical approaches in mathematics instruction and evaluate their efficacy in fostering visual thinking. 2. Undertake analogous research endeavors exploring the association between visual thinking skills and other variables.

The current research aims to know:
- The effect of an educational program on developing deductive thinking for kindergarten children
- Differences between males and females in the development of inferential thinking
The current research population consisted of kindergarten children in Baghdad/Rusafa II governorate who were (5-6) years old. The research sample consisted of (60) male and female children, (30) male and female children in the control group, with (15) males and (15) males. Of the females and (30) boys and girls in the experimental group, with (15) males and (15) females. The two research tools consisted of a test for deductive estimation and an educational program for developing deductive thinking, and psychometric properties were found for them. The data were analyzed statistically using the t-test. For two independent samples, chi-square, Richardson equation 20, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient, the study reached the following results:
- There is a statistically significant difference in the average scores of the inferential thinking test between the children of the experimental group that was exposed to the educational program and the children of the control group that was not exposed to the educational program, in favor of the experimental group.
- There is no statistically significant difference in the average scores of the inferential thinking test among the children of the experimental group that were exposed to the educational program according to the variable gender (males – females(

The study indicated the impact of technology-enhanced reality on developing visual thinking among students of the Art Education Department in the subject of analysis and art criticism. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher used an experimental design with two equal groups with a pre- and post-test to suit it on a sample of third-year students from the Art Education Department. The research sample consisted of (60) male and female students who were equally divided into two groups (experimental and control). To reach the research results, the researcher used a set of statistical methods, including: the t-test for two independent languages, the difficulty and ease equation, the discrimination equation, and the Keuder-Richardson/20 equation.
The most important results of the research showed: The experimental group that studied with augmented reality outperformed the control group that studied in the usual way in the visual thinking scale and the artistic taste test.