Managerial Studies Journal

The increasing importance of innovation strategies in ‎today's economies is growing. This research came to provide ‎a comprehensive perspective for diagnosing and analyzing ‎the causal relationships between innovation strategies and ‎sustainable performance through the mediating variable, ‎market leadership. The research problem was embodied in a ‎number of questions, the most important one were: - What ‎is the impact of innovation strategies on sustainable ‎performance through the mediating variable, market ‎leadership in the researched organization? The researchers ‎developed a conceptual frame work to embody the problem ‎of the study, then developed a measuring tool to collect data ‎related to the study sample , then the measuring tool was ‎distributed to a sample of (80) respondents from employees ‎at all administrative levels in the company under study, after ‎its validity and statistical stability were tested. The most ‎important conclusions reached by the research were as ‎follows: - The existence of a correlation relationship and the ‎effects of moral significance between creativity strategies and ‎sustainable performance through the mediating variable, ‎market leadership.‎

The analysis of inventory and production processes is one of the most ‎important processes to improve the efficiency of the supply chain. If ‎interest in the supply chain emerged in the nineties of the last century, ‎then there was a need to find ways that would improve production ‎processes and provide innovative and environmentally friendly products. ‎In addition, inventory has a major role in improving the efficiency of the ‎supply chain, if companies rely on reducing inventory or reaching zero ‎inventory, because of its significant role in reducing costs. As production ‎and inventory together constitute the basis for improving the efficiency of ‎the supply chain and all activities and tasks that the organization intends ‎to carry out to achieve its goals, keep abreast of technical developments ‎related to its activities, as well as deal with sudden changes and rapid ‎fluctuations in the business environment. Through it, there were some ‎challenges and difficulties facing the factory in storage and production. ‎Therefore, the problem of the study was summarized in its broad scope in ‎the following question:‎
How does inventory and production process analysis affect supply chain ‎efficiency improvement?‎
‏ ‏The importance of the current study stems from focusing on a vital and ‎important sector such as the plastics industry, which plays an important ‎role in supporting and developing the economic activity of the country. ‎Therefore, studying these variables together will help the organization ‎under study to raise the level of its products offered to customers, and ‎based on the development of a hypothetical model for the study that ‎reflects the nature of the study. Correlation and influence relations ‎between its variables, as the Basra Factory for Plastic Industries was ‎chosen as a field for the study, being one of the important factories in the ‎province of Basra and a cycle in supporting economic activity in the ‎country. And the analysis of the data collected from the factory under ‎study, where the current study relied on the case study method as a ‎method characterized by accurate detailed description in the relevant ‎information, as well as the possibility of combining in this approach more ‎than one research method at the same time for the purpose of access To ‎the desired goals and results by making use of the techniques provided by ‎this approach such as (observations, observations, interviews, personal ‎With employees at various administrative levels), and reviewing records ‎and documents to reach the most accurate details and available ‎information. The study also reached several conclusions, the most ‎important of which is that the support of senior management is the basis ‎for building competitive advantage through their support and support for ‎production.‎

This research aims to identify the impact of information ‎technology (IT) in success of the project’s management. The ‎research was conducted on a sample of the departments and ‎sub-department of the General Company for Ports of Iraq ‎‎(GCPI), through a questionnaire method that was designed ‎for this purpose and has been distributed to a sample of 61 ‎employees, its selection by using simple random sample ‎method. In this research the questionnaire was used as a ‎tool for data collection by using a set of statistical methods ‎available in the program (24.SPSS.V.24 & AMOS.V).‎
‎ The results of the study were summarized as follows: The ‎projects carried out by the General Company for Ports of ‎Iraq depend on the design required in advance according to ‎the developments of the ports of the countries in the region to ‎serve the company's work, Computer equipment is available ‎in sufficient and depends on computer database system that ‎seeks to provide the best port services, it depends on paper ‎forms in the implementation and follow-up of projects ‎without the use of specialized computer programs such as ‎‎(MS project). Descriptive statistics for the questionnaire axes ‎for information technology in its subdimensions (personnel, ‎equipment, networks) and project management in its ‎dimensions (organization, guidance, motivation, control) ‎that’s agreement with the answers of the sample of the ‎paragraphs of the questionnaire variables axes, and the ‎homogeneity and consistency in the answers was presented.‎
In conclusion, we recommend the management of the General
Company for Ports of Iraq to move towards working on the ‎
electronic management project by increasing interest in the ‎
field of information technology, introducing modern software ‎
in project management such as (MS project), and better use ‎of ‎
communication networks in the work.‎

This study aims to determine the effect of the paternalistic ‎leadership on the innovation behavior. The Conceptual ‎framework and hypotheses development were built based on ‎main variables of the study. The Higher Education sector ‎was selected, namely. 338 Academic staffs has been selected ‎as randomly sample, and the questionnaire was selected as ‎a methods for data collection. The results of the study ‎showed that, there is a positive effect of parental leadership ‎on the innovation behavior of academic staffs. Therefore, the ‎leaders at the University of Basrah should give a more ‎attentions to adopt a new leadership styles and understand ‎how they can change and develop the innovation behaviors ‎of academic staffs.‎

This research discusses corporate governance in Rafidain Bank, an ‎exploratory study for the period 2018-2021In order to achieve the ‎research objectives and support hypotheses, the questionnaire ‎consisted of 24 items which is distributed to (143) employees of Al-‎Rafidain Bank, and quantitative statistical analysis was used based ‎on the (SPSS23) program to analyze the data and discuss the results. ‎The study reached to a number of results, the most important of which ‎is, controlling contributes to following the banking instructions, laws ‎and procedures within the bank. The bank is also keen to train ‎employees and develop their skills, despite the low accurate ‎description of the tasks of each employee, and the powers and ‎responsibilities are not distributed according to their specializations ‎and competence, and the lack of approved systems for their ‎protections. The study also showed the existence of a related ‎significant statistical relationship between the independent variable ‎‎(Guiding Principles of governance in Al-Rafidain Bank) ‎responsibility in its dimensions on the approved variable ‎development of the performance of Al-Rafidain Bank (productivity ‎and efficiency) and the absence of statistical significant relationship ‎between one independent variable accountability on the dimensions ‎of the approved variable (performance development in Al-Rafidain ‎Bank (social responsibility).‎

The aim of the research is to measure the impact of the ‎capital structure on the credit risks faced by Iraqi private ‎commercial banks for the period from 2011-2020, and how ‎the financing structure affects these risks. The sample ‎consisted of 10 banks listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, and ‎the capital structure was measured ( The independent ‎variable) through the ratio of financing by ownership, and ‎the ratio of indebtedness, as for the credit risk (the dependent ‎variable) represented by the ratio of doubtful debts to the ‎total debts, as well as the ratio of non-performing loans to‏ ‏the total loans, and to measure this relationship between the ‎study variables, the standard model (Panel Data) was used. ‎Which combines time series and cross-sectional data in ‎different formats: Aggregate Regression Model (PRM), ‎Fixed Effects Model (FEM), and Random Effects Model ‎‎(REM). The results indicate that there is a relationship and a ‎significant statistically significant effect of the equity ratio ‎and the debt ratio, which represent the capital structure on ‎the Credit risk represented by the doubtful debts ratio and ‎the non-performing loans ratio.‎

The growth and overlap between international or global economies, especially when the new economic system was built, which differs in terms of characteristics and features from the economic conditions that prevailed in previous periods, and this is what led to the existence of a new practical and commercial system that leads to the process of financial liberalization and technical development. The increase in the movement of capital and the accompanying easing of legislation in addition to technological and informational developments led to facilitating the process of entering and exiting from and to the financial markets completely freely, These factors contributed to the emergence of the phenomenon of globalization, which has become an essential feature of the new economic system. This research aims to study the extent to which the financial portfolio contributes to its impact on the return, as well as to show the effectiveness of diversification in the case of the interconnectedness of financial markets. On this basis, the study sample was formed from a set of financial market indicators during the period 2017-20

As a result of the inability of both the financial position and ‎income statements to provide current and future information ‎on cash flows as they are prepared on an accrual basis, ‎therefore , the cash flow statement prepared on the cash ‎basis is used, and accordingly the research concludes with a ‎problem relating to the effect of preparing the cash flow ‎statement according to International Accounting Standard ‎No. 7 In assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of ‎economic units on the generation and use of cash flows, ‎because of the role of cash in enabling economic units to ‎carry out their activities and help them fulfill their ‎obligations and participate in investment activities that ‎achieve future cash inflows, one of the results shown by the ‎research is to determine the nature of the use of cash flows ‎related to operational activities is an important factor in ‎understanding the users of the financial statements of the ‎aspects of disbursement of these flows through the ‎company’s contribution to the planning budgets of the oil ‎training institutes,‎‏ ‏‎ A set of recommendations was presented, ‎including the need to study how financial statement users ‎disclose future cash flow and their realization dates.‎