Tikrit Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Lactoferrin has many medical effects such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. The current study was designed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect lactoferrin For this purpose lactoferrin and Rev1vaccine had been given to three animal experimental (rats) groups, while the fourth group served as the control negative group.The results of the current study showed that total leukocytic count and immune markers (IL6, IL12 and TNFα) significant increases in 14 and 21 days after immunization in the 1st, the 2nd and 3rd groups. The study concluded lactoferrin and Rev1 vaccine have a synergistic effect when they are given in the same group.

This study was carried out to preparation of the gelatin film alone and gelatin mixed with TiO2 NPs at concentration at (2%) and (4%) as active films and determine the antibacterial effect of the active films against total bacterial count, also evaluate the chemical and physical properties of refrigerated chicken meat during 16 day. To reach the goal of the study, we counted total bacterial count, chemical parameters such as pH value and Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) as well as physical parameters that include water holding capacity of chicken meat samples storage without coated (control) T1, coated with gelatin alone T2, gelatin with TiO2 NPs at (2%) T3 and gelatin with TiO2 NPs at (4%) T4. The results showed that The total bacterial count in samples were coated by active film was significantly decreased (p<0.05), compare with samples coated by gelatin alone and samples without coated. The a significant increase in the pH and TBA value with advance the storage period in all groups of chicken meat samples, while the rate increasing was significantly lowest in the T3 and T4 compared with T1 and T2 group. The water holding capacity (WHC) were significantly decrease with the increased of the storage period, and the rate decreasing was significantly lowest in the samples were coated by gelatin alone and gelatin incorporated with NPs. It was concluded from this study the gelatin mixed with TiO2 NPs helped to increased shelf life of chicken meat samples for 16 day storage in refrigerator at 4 º C.

This study was conducted with the aim of showing the effect of different locations and water quality on some blood enzyme properties of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). This study was carried out in four different locations in central Iraq for the period from June 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022. The Dujail and Suwayra sites on the Tigris River were used, and the Fallujah and Mahaweel sites on the Euphrates River were used. 120 fish were collected from the four sites, 30 fish for each site, and some biochemical traits were measured, including total protein, albumin, kinase phosphatase, glucose and total cholesterol. The results of the current study showed that the values of blood enzymes increased with the rise in temperatures during the hot months and decreased with the decrease in temperatures in the cold months. It was also found that there were highly significant differences between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the values of total protein, kinase phosphatase, glucose and total cholesterol, as the Tigris River was significantly superior to the Euphrates River in the values of these four enzymes, and this indicates that the Euphrates River is better than the Tigris River. As for the value of the two albums, there are no significant differences between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The current results also showed that there were significant differences in the values of total protein and kinase phosphatase, as these values were significantly higher in the Dujail site than in the Fallujah site, while no significant differences were observed between the Suwayrah and Al-Mahaweel sites. The current results also showed that there were no significant differences between the four sites in the value of the two albums. The current results showed higher values of blood enzymes in the Dujail site compared to the Fallujah site, and this indicates that the Fallujah site is one of the best sites in the values of enzymes, being close and within the natural limits, and this is due to the availability of an appropriate healthy environment in the Fallujah site compared to other sites.

The study included three groups of rats, 5rats for each
group each group of five rats. The first group (control)
given distill water, the second received I.P 0.01ml
acetaminophen and 0.01ml enrofloxacin 1\ml, while the
third received I.P 0.01ml of acetaminophen and then after
half an hour received 0.01 ml of enrofloxacin for 15 days.
Haematological analysis of control and treatment group are
presented that all groups no significant in haemoglobin
concentration, and packed cell volume. While increased
white blood cells in group 2 and 3 counts compared to the
control. The results of liver enzyme analysis results
indicated that group 2 caused a significant alteration in
liver enzymes value compared with group1 and 3, while the
results of urea and creatnine analysis there were
insignificant alterations in urea and creatnine in both
groups 2 and 3 comperes with group1. The
histopathological examination (group second) of the liver
showed that the thickening wall with fibrosis in the
periportal area infiltration of inflammatory cells in the
necrotic change of the hepatocytes massive vacuolation of
the kupffer cell was the present intensity in the sinusoid.
Lymphocyte infiltration in the kidney, congestion with
glomerulus and tubular damage. In the third group, the
histopathological changes were less when compared to the
first group. The present study observed when using drugs
at the same time leads to harmful effects on the body.

This study was conducted on the sheep of the Animal House/Tikrit university/College of Veterinary Medicine In period between 15.12.2009 to 30.1..2020, The total animal was used is 15 ewes . Five ml of blood samples were collected from the jugular vein in the different stages of the lactation , as the study include 15 th , 30 th and 45 th day of lactation. Where used for determine hematological and biochemical parameters.The results revealed A decreased (P ≤0.05) in total red blood cells, haemoglobin and packed cell volume, (4.6 ±1.03, 7.7 ±0.25, 23.1±1.56) respectively in 15 day of the lactation compare with 30th and 45 day of the lactation. The total white blood cells count were decreased (6.8 ±0.41) during the 45 day of the lactation. Results demonstrate significant decrease (P ≤0.05) in concentration total of protein, glucose, cholesterol ,triglyceride and urea concentration (6.8±0.18, 66.3 ±0.44, 52±0.78, 36.8±0.05, 28 ±0.45) respectively at the 15 day of lactation. While creatinine decreased (P ≤0.05) during the 45th day of the lactation (0.86±6.65). we conclude, from the study that there are present differences significant in hematological and biochemical parameters during the first stages of lactation.

This study was investigate the effect of fenugreek seeds on digestibility and some blood parameters. Fifteen Awassi rams 18-20 months of age average body weight 32-38 kg , they were used alternately as complete randomized design seven rations used different levels of ground fenugreek seeds which (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18%) Each group was fed for 10 day at period and 5 days for feces collection to determine the nutrient digestibility.Results a significant decrease in dry matter (72.62%) and organic matter (72.76) digestibility in the 2nd treatment as compared with the other treatments, for organic matter respectively . Results also showed that fenugreek seeds had significant effect on ether extract but no effect on organic matter digestibility. It was noted significantly decrease in group fed on ration contained 6% on fenugreek seeds as compared with other treatments. moreover significant in fiber digestibility in group fed ration contained 6, 12 and 15% of fenugreek seeds as compared with other groups.Significant (P<0.05) increase in blood glucose as fenugreek seeds levels increased in the rations accept the group fed on ration contained 3, 9% of fenugreek seeds. Triglyceride levels was significantly increase while cholesterol for decreased in the 4th, 5th and 6th treatments as compared with the other treatments. It was noted significant increase in total protein in control group and the 1st, 4th and 6th as compared with the other group . However there was no significant differences there is no albumin treatment. Blood urea was significantly (P<0.05) increase in 2nd, 3th, 4th, 5th, and 6th group as compared with 1st group.

The stifler is one of the hindlimb joints, described as complicated join consisting of many structures that organized in accurate way to support and stabilize body and hindlimb during the movement. The stifle joint of dogs, equivalent to the knee joint in the human, is a complex composition comprising the tibia, patella femur, menisci, caudal and cranial cruciate ligaments, lateral and medial collateral ligament, also surrounding muscles like hamstring and quadriceps muscles. The long bones (tibia and femur) form this joint, while patella sits in front of it to protect it. The two C-shaped menisci act as shock absorbers, and the supporting ligaments including collateral and cruciate provide stability to the joint. The surrounding muscles, including the quadriceps and hamstring muscles, help to extend and flex the joint, respectively. Together, these structures work in harmony to allow for the complex movement of dogs’ stifle joint. Understanding the anatomical features of the stifle joint in dogs is important for diagnosing and treating injuries or conditions that affect this complex joint

The current study aimed to diagnosis Theileria spp in cattle by using microscopic examination of blood smears , to record the clinical signs appearing on animals infection and to investigate the relationship between the infection and some risk factors such as sex ,age and presence of ticks on the animal. Fifty blood samples were collected during the period from September 2021 to the end of December 2022 from different areas in Salah Al-Din government (Al-Hamra, Albu Ajil, Baiji, AL-Alam ). The animals were suffering from one or more of clinical signs ( high temperature, lack of appetite, lethargy, pallor mucous membranes, superficial lymphadenopathy and tick infection) . The results showed that the total rate of infection was 40% . No significant differences between age groups, with 30% in animals that are less than a year and 16% 1-2 years and 10% in 2-3 years . and 4% in age 3< The study registered a significant difference according to gender, the rate of infection in male was 22 % and in females was 18% .

Twenty Rats were used in the present study to evaluate the effect of the deodorant blocker on the blood cells of the rat including the white blood cells and red blood cells. The animals were distributed into Group A control Five Rats and Group B Five treated animals. The animals were put in steel cages in the animal house of veterinary medicine college. water with food free putto animals the skin of whole animals was shaved at the dorsum and at the flank region, then deodorant blocker was applied daily by whipping those areas for 30 days continuously, otherwise the control group was applying the distill water on the shaved areas. After the end of the experiment, a drop blood from the tip of tail was obtained and spread on the slide for staining by Leishman stain. The results of blood examination were indicated release of the lymphocytes and monocytes percentage in comparison of control, also the certain number of RBCs indicated macrocytic, microcytic, incomplete hemoglobin ring and target cells as deformities of RBCs. In conclusions; the deodorant blocker induced imitation of immune system via increase the number of lymphocytes and monocytes which consider as main factors for immune response in cases of extrinsic insults.

After the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) in 2019, many types of vaccines have been designed and some are approved by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study conducted to measure the efficacy of tow type of vaccines, the mRNA vaccine and inactivated vaccine, by detecting the concentration of IgM and IgG in serum of human after one month and six months of vaccination with the two types of the vaccine mentioned above. Concentrations of IgM and IgG in serum of participants were measured using a VIDAS device (bioMérieux, France) and following the manufacturer's instructions. The results showed that IgM concentrations decreased to below the protective level in both types of vaccine after one or six months of vaccination, and there were no significant differences (p ˃ 0.05) between the two types of vaccine. However, after one month of vaccination, there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the IgG concentration in the serum of the mRNA vaccine group (32.7898 BAU/mL), and the inactivated vaccine group (8.17 BAU/mL). Likewise, after six months there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the IgG concentration in the serum of the mRNA vaccine group (27.03 BAU/mL) and the inactivated vaccine group (6.91 BAU/mL). The mRNA vaccine is more efficient than the inactivated type as the IgG concentration remain higher and it lasts more time.

Congenital abnormalities in Iraqi cow fetuses can occur due to various genetic, environmental, and infectious factors. These abnormalities can affect the development of different organs and systems in the fetus, resulting in structural or functional abnormalities that may affect the survival and health of the newborn calf. The Frisian cow at full term of pregnancy as per proprietor is given the historical backdrop of stressing and unfit to go through the ordinary physiological course of calving, vaginal assessment uncovers a twisted embryo in the pelvic hole that leaves lacking space for fetal control with some of fetal layer project outside from the vulva. Caesarean section relieves dystocia, and physical examination of the defective fetus confirms a case of genuine Schistosomus reflexus (SR) in a cow. The presence of hydrocephalic fetus in combination with anomalies (SR) has not been previously reported in dairy cattle from Iraq.

Congenital abnormalities in Iraqi cow fetuses can occur due to various genetic, environmental, and infectious factors. These abnormalities can affect the development of different organs and systems in the fetus, resulting in structural or functional abnormalities that may affect the survival and health of the newborn calf. The Frisian cow at full term of pregnancy as per proprietor is given the historical backdrop of stressing and unfit to go through the ordinary physiological course of calving, vaginal assessment uncovers a twisted embryo in the pelvic hole that leaves lacking space for fetal control with some of fetal layer project outside from the vulva. Caesarean section relieves dystocia, and physical examination of the defective fetus confirms a case of genuine Schistosomus reflexus (SR) in a cow. The presence of hydrocephalic fetus in combination with anomalies (SR) has not been previously reported in dairy cattle from Iraq.

Ten intestinal mucosa of sheep intestine were obtained for cross and microscopy examination, the specimens from those intestinal wall were taken at pieces half cm and washed well by running water, then processed by histological technique according to Bancoft & Steven 1987 including fixation, dehydration, clearing and embedding with paraffin wax also sectioning at six micrometer by microtome, finally stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin after that mounted with D. P. X and after drying in dry cabinet for 24 hour examined by light microscope , The intestinal wall was congested and patches of blood hemorrhage were seen. The histological examination revealed to sloughing of the intestinal villi from the luminal surface with presence of hyper secretion of mucus from the goblet cells and intestinal glands in the lamina properia also infiltration of white blood cells in the lamina properia in between the intestinal glands. In conclusion; the intestinal wall was damages after infection with Tape worm due to its effect on the villi of mucosa which are vital structures for absorption of nutritional elements in a animals.

Dermatophytosis is a worldwide disease caused by pathogenic keratinolytic fungi known as dermatophytes inside the cutaneous layer of both cattle and human skin. are divided into three categories: Microsporum species, Epidermophyton species, and Trichophyton species. Infected animals develop skin lesions with a thick, grey-white crust that rises above the skin approximately 3cm in diameter or more. The back, head, and perineum are the only places where lesions are localized; otherwise, the body is covered with them, with severe cases coalescing. Trichophyton verrucosum has the greatest prevalence in bovines. Many have also reviewed new herbal extract that has been employed as a substitute therapy for fungus activity (fungicide or fungistatic) in several non-filamentous and filamentous fungi species typically identified in veterinary clinical practice. This review aims to understand the acquired and innate responses briefly, and discovered the recent technique in the detection of fungi, with treatment by chemical, extract herbal plant, and incidence by chief causal fungal species, and the final method that increases the risk of zoonotic infections between bovine and human.