Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences

Improving the thermal design of geometric Heat Sinks (HSs) reduces their size and weight and improves heat dissipation, hence enhancing the speed of electronic devices. In this numerical study, a novel thermal design of HSs is proposed by inserting various forms in order to obtain the optimum thermal design for this type of HSs. This study has two primary objectives: determining the influence of varying types of HSs while maintaining the volume of fins, and introducing new geometries such as circular fin and circular cut fin. The tests were conducted with a heat flux of 11.1 kW/m2 and a Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 2418.56 to 819.19. For forced convection, three-dimensional numerical simulations utilising the Navier–Stokes equations laminar model and energy equation are acquired using the commercially available COMSOL Multi-physics version 5.6a CFD software. The results indicate that. A comparison analysis of HSs with different geometries revealed that the circular-cut shape exhibited the highest thermal efficiency, as measured by the Nusselt number about 153 as well as the heat transfer coefficient and the minimum thermal resistance.

This work aims to provide an experimental investigation into metal removal and micro-hardness through the Magnetic Abrasive Finishing process (MAF) and study the impact of some process parameters (feed rate, coil current, and spindle speed) on these responses with (1008-AISI) workpieces and spherical electromagnetic tool based on Taguchi design of the experiment using Minitab 17 software. The results show that metal removal was strongly affected by the feed rate, while the strongly influential variable on micro-hardness was the coil current. The highest value of metal removal rate is achievable at conditions 10 mm/min, 2.5 A, and 700 RPM for feed rate, coil current, and spindle speed respectively.

In this study, the mechanical properties, fatigue life, and endurance limit values were investigated for composite materials containing natural fiber reinforcement (flax, wool), which were arranged by 0°/90° Angle orientation and a combination of 0°/90° and 45°/-45° angle orientation, then the wool woven mixed by flax woven and unidirectional flax interfered with jute woven. Binary blends containing epoxy and polyurethane at v were mixed at various weight percent (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15 %) vacuum infusion technique was used to prepare the specimens. ANSYS Workbench was used as numerical software to investigate the fatigue behavior and endurance limit values of the unreinforced and reinforced blend. It was found that the weight percentage of 10% polyurethane in the blends was the optimal percentage providing the best fatigue life and the endurance limit value, endurance limit values of wool composite improved when hybridized by flax woven and unidirectional flax interfered with jute woven by 132.895 % and 66.549 % respectively.

Researchers in heat transfer are paying close attention to nanofluids because of their potential as high-performance thermal transport media. In light of natural convection\'s enormous significance, the addition of nanoparticles significantly enhances the thermophysical properties of the nanofluids compared to the base fluid. In this study, experimental work was used to evaluate the influence of CuO nanoparticles on natural convection with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow in a square cavity. The cavity’s left and right vertical walls were maintained at different temperatures, and the top and bottom walls of the cavity were insulated. This experimental study applied a horizontal magnetic field with uniform strength. Results were obtained for a variety of Hartmann numbers ranging from 0–300, Rayleigh numbers going from 2.76E+8 to 6.89E+8, and solid volume fractions ranging from 0 to 1.5%Vol. Results showed that the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number values decreased with the increase in the values of the Hartmann number, except for the heat transfer coefficients at Ha=100 and 150 are larger than the heat transfer coefficients at Ha= 0. The maximum heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number enhancement were 40.8% and 28.5%, respectively, at a 1.5% volume concentration of CuO-water nanofluid, Ra= 6.7E+8 and Ha=100 compared with pure fluid (water) at Ha=0.

Water pollution and the lack of access to clean water are general global problems that result from the expansion of industrial and agricultural activities. Petroleum refinery wastewaters consider as a major challenge to the environment and their treatment is mandatory. The present work concerns with the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from petroleum refinery wastewater taken from Iraq\'s Al-Diwaniyah petroleum refinery plant by using an activated carb fixed-bed column operated at a batch recirculation mode. The fixed bed column used in this work was composed of three sections: upper, central, and bottom compartments. The bottom compartment serves as a feeding chamber to the central adsorption chamber while the upper compartment serves as a collecting effluent chamber. By adopting response surface methodology (RSM), in the pacts of various operational parameters such as packing level, pH, and time on the COD removal efficiency were investigated. The optimal conditions were an activated carbon packing level of 80%, pH of 5.7, and adsorption time of 73 min approximately, which resulted in a COD removal efficiency of 96.70%. The results indicated that the packing level of activated carbon had a major effect on COD elimination followed by pH, while time had a minor effect. The model equation\'s adequacy was demonstrated by its strong R2 value (0.975). The present study demonstrates that the adsorption system by activated carbon is an effective method for removingcondomODom Al-Diwaniyah petroleum refinery wastewaters.

This study presents the performance of a novel solar-powered incubator which uses water as thermal mass. Energy absorbed by the water is transferred to the incubator chamber by a fan powered with a 12 V battery. To enable adequate control of chamber temperature and humidity, a ProNem Mini sensor and controller (ESM-3723) were incorporated into the design. The thermal mass was sized adequately to supply energy for night operations as well as periods of inclement weather. The incubator was tested with and without load. Field measurements were obtained using UT330A USB datalogger. Tests under no load conditions gave an average temperature range of 36 to 42.9°C and relative humidity of 53 % to 70.5 %. Incubation tests showed average chamber temperature and relative humidity ranges of 35 ℃ to 41 ℃ and 45 % to 61 %. Candling test gave percentage fertility and hatchability of 60% and 56%. A cost-benefit analysis gave a capital cost of 617.32 USD, incubation cost of 69 cents per chick and simple payback period of 15 months. The performance indices obtained make the proposed design a suitable architecture to build upon in order to accelerate the promotion of livelihood empowerment through poultry farming in Ghana.

By creating enough parking places, cities may be able to lessen congestion and traffic disruption. Thus, the primary issue that frequently arises in urban areas is on-street parking. In Al- Diwaniyah city\'s urban streets, on-street parking is a common occurrence. In order to analyze on-street parking characteristics, this study has concentrated on three congested sites: Al-Orzady Street, Al Saray Street, and Almusawreen Stree. Thus; field data were collected using in -out method. The characteristics and kind of parking were looked into. According to the activities at the three sites, it was mostly discovered that the peak time is in the afternoon between 3:10 PM and 4:40 PM. The results of the data analysis show that St3 has a high parking turnover of 1.348 and St1 has a low turnover of 0.67. It was also found through the questionnaire paper that the majority of the vehicles parked on the street are for the purpose of shopping. Finally, the results indicate that weekdays in the research area are a typical time for illegally parking.

The identification of physical properties and fracture behavior of shale or hydrocarbon materials has grown to have substantial importance in the last four decades to industry and investigators alike due to its importance in unconventional oil and gas resources. This interest deviates from shale being a transversely isotropic material formed by bedding layers with different orientations and isotropic properties. In this paper, the experimental setup and the mechanical properties of shale materials have been reviewed. The investigator shows that the properties of shale are not unique, and it is highly dependent on, volume, loading type, and geolocation. Furthermore, the investigator utilized different experimental setup methods to identify the elastic properties of shale and the most common methods are Transducers Strain Detection, Strain gauges, Ultrasonic, and Digital image correlation that is shown in detail.

Composite materials using natural rubber as the main matrix are popular these days because of the wide applications of rubber materials in modern industries. Rubber materials also have damping properties, energy absorption, and exposure to continuous loads and different environmental conditions. In this research, the effect of temperatures on the rubber-epoxy composite with different ratios (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) of epoxy has been studied. Where comparison was made between heat-aged and un-aged samples using the tensile test. To know the effect of high temperatures on the rubber-epoxy composite, it was done in a heated oven at a temperature of 70◦C. The results obtained from the tensile test observed a decrease in tensile strength and elongation when exposed to thermal aging.

It has been investigated how well potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) treats hospital wastewater effluents. In the treatment of water and wastewater, potassium ferrate serves as an oxidant, disinfectant, and coagulant with several functions. The effects of combining the oxidation and coagulation processes on features have not been extensively studied. The objective of this study is to evaluate the oxidation and coagulation effects of potassium ferrate treatment methods. An optimization technique based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken Design(BBD) was utilized to identify the ideal conditions for increased removal efficiency of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Potassium ferrate has a significant impact, according to experiments. With a COD of 790 ppm as the starting point, the effects of oxidation time (30-90 minutes), potassium ferrate concentration (20-100 ppm), pH (3-9), and process stirring speed (100-400 rpm) on COD removal efficiency were examined. To find the best COD removal efficiency, it also used an optimization strategy based on the Box-Behnken design via the Response Surface Method (RSM). According to the findings, time, mixing speed, and pH are the factors that have the highest impact on the effectiveness of COD removal. Based on the study of the Minitab-19 program, Regression analysis results revealed a Fisher value of 13.68. pH value 3, oxidation time of 62 minutes, mixing speed of 300 rpm, and potassium ferrate content of 92 ppm was discovered to be the optimal operating parameters. Based on this ideal scenario, the final concentration reached had a COD elimination effectiveness of 98 percent.