Sciences Journal Of Physical Education

Building a battery of tests for some basic football skills to classify emerging players in Diyala clubs according to playing positions. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships on a sample of (200) emerging football players, after identifying the basic skills and their tests and applying them to the research sample and processing the data statistically, using analysis. Al-Amili then classified the players. The researchers reached the most important conclusions, which are: building a test battery for some basic football skills to classify emerging players in Diyala clubs according to playing positions, consisting of (4) tests for basic skills (handling, dribbling, and controlling the ball). The researchers recommend that this battery should be used to classify emerging players according to playing positions by coaches working in clubs in Diyala. Conducting research and studies to develop test batteries for motor, skill and psychological abilities to classify and guide emerging players according to football playing positions.

The importance of this study lies in the fact that it will shed light on the combination between training and the principle of inertia when developing the performance of kicking skills in karate, as well as the practical importance of preparing special exercises using a means of increasing body mass or performing for the lower part of the body and knowing their effect in developing ability and speed from a mechanical standpoint. The aim of the research is to prepare special exercises according to the principle of inertia (increasing mass) to develop some biomechanical variables of explosiveness and speed in performing the front kick among karate players, and to identify the effect of special exercises according to the principle of inertia (increasing mass) on some biomechanical variables in performing the front kick. among karate players and identifying the differences between the pre- and post-tests of the experimental group in some biomechanical variables of front kick performance among karate players. The researcher used the experimental method in a single-group design in order to suit the nature of the research problem. The researcher chose the research community from karate players at the Sarouri Training Center affiliated with the Karate Development Organization. The research sample of (5) players was chosen randomly, and the researcher conducted a pre-test for the front kick skill (may Kerry) for the research sample, which consisted of (5) five players. The researcher prepared special training exercises according to one of the variables of inertia (increasing mass), and the training units were applied for a period of (8) weeks, at a rate of (3) training units per week, and at a rate of (24) training units. The researcher used statistical methods through the statistical package (SPSS) to extract the results through: the arithmetic mean, the skewness coefficient, the standard deviation, and the (t) value for the corresponding samples.

Handball is one of the team games that enjoys great popularity at the local and international levels because this game is distinguished by its wonderful combination of technical performance and fast rhythm, which impresses the audience, especially when scoring goals. Training curricula are prepared according to the scientific foundations followed in sports training in order to Improving the level of physical performance depends greatly on the development of bio-motor abilities as it is the basis upon which the player’s preparation and building is based properly. Therefore, the importance of research lies in the effect of plyometric exercises on some bio-motor abilities and the indicator of accuracy in shooting from jumping high for handball players. The researchers did not find a training curriculum based on A scientific basis that raises the level of bio-motor abilities by trainers, and they do not express special importance in the elements of special motor abilities. Hence, the urgent need for this research emerged and its idea of preparing exercises was crystallized. From here, the researchers decided to develop a training program using plyometric exercises in some bio-motor abilities and the indicator of accuracy in shooting from jumping. Highly for handball players. The research aims to determine the effect of plyometric exercises on some biokinetic abilities and the accuracy index of shooting from jumping high for handball players, statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests for biomotor abilities and the accuracy index of aiming from jumping high for handball players. As for the research methodology, the researchers used Experimental approach: The researchers selected the research sample from the players of the Sulaymaniyah Handball Club, which numbered (10) players.

The goal of the research is to identify “the effect of tactical skills training on (determinants) of the level of performance among advanced basketball players and to identify the differences between pre- and post-tests of (determinants) of the level of performance among advanced basketball players.”
The research hypothesized: “There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests of the research group in (determinants of) the level of performance of the advanced basketball players under investigation.” The nature of the study necessitated the researchers to use a single-group experimental approach, and the research community included players from Iraqi Basketball Premier League clubs, the applicant category for the 2021-2022 season, who numbered 12 clubs. The research sample included players from the North Oil Sports Club in Kirkuk Governorate, and the researchers adopted many means of collecting data, including physical tests and a set of devices and tools. A reconnaissance experiment was conducted on the players of the North Gas Club to identify the problems and negatives that the researchers might face during the main experiment (pre- and post-test). ) And develop the training program in a way that trains stations. The data was processed using the statistical package (SPSS(.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of scheduling variable random and random fixed exercises in learning the art of skill performance for the skills of smash hit and blocking wall with volleyball. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equal groups with a pre- and post-test. The research population was determined from second-year students in the College of Physical Education and... Blame sports At the University of Kirkuk for the academic year (2022-2023) for morning study, the number of which is (87) students distributed in two sections (A) with (43) students and section (B) with (44) students. (10) students were randomly selected from each section. The main research sample was (20) students distributed into two groups (10) students for the first experimental group and (10) students for the second experimental group from the overall research community, and (20) students were chosen from the community. They were urged to represent the sample of the exploratory experiment and were excluded from the main sample. In order to control the characteristics of the sample, a process of homogeneity and equivalence was conducted between the two experimental research groups in the skills of crushing and blocking, and then the main experiment was applied, which included educational units, then post-tests were conducted, and then the Data: Appropriate statistical operations for tests were conducted in order to reach the results. The researchers concluded that implementing the variable random exercise and the fixed random exercise had an impact in learning the skills of crushing and blocking the wall for the students of the second stage, and contributed clearly to learning the art of performing skills for the student.

The research aims to prepare an educational program based on the Woods model that is compatible with the level of the research sample, and to identify the effectiveness of an educational program based on the Woods model in learning the football scoring skill for students of the specialized school, and the preference between the two groups. The experimental research method was adopted for two equal groups, and it was The sample is five-a-side football players from middle school students at the Specialized School (Anbar Governorate Education Directorate - School Sports Activity Department) for the academic year 2021-2022. They were deliberately selected, and they numbered (40) players aged (13-15) years, and after verifying the homogeneity of the sample. The research was conducted on parity between the two groups, and the researchers followed a set of scientific procedures, such as a reconnaissance experiment to test scoring skill. The Woods model program took (6) weeks, and the experimental group applied it at a rate of two units per week, at a rate of two units per week. The study reached a number of conclusions, including: The Woods Model program outperformed the method used in learning the scoring skill, and the most important recommendations that the study concluded were to move towards using modern models in motor learning, including the Woods model, paying attention to specialized schools and providing modern requirements in motor learning of sports skills for five-a-side football.

The research was characterized by the use of tactical approaches and playing exercises to teach female students some forms of handball handling and shooting skills. The research used the experimental method by designing two equal groups with pre- and post-tests. This study was applied to a sample of female students in the second stage at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Basra for the academic year (2021-2022), who numbered (50) students, divided equally into two control groups. And experimental. Appropriate methods, tools, and tests were used that suit the research requirements, and after obtaining the results from the tests, they were processed statistically using the statistical package (SPSS). The study came out with conclusions, the most important of which are: Tactical approaches and playing style exercises have a clear impact on learning to perform the skills of handling and shooting handball for members of the research sample.

The teaching profession is a sacred profession, and it is the profession of the apostles and prophets. It has been viewed with great respect and respect throughout the ages, and no human civilization has been devoid of it, regardless of its level, because it is the profession that deals with the human mind. However, what we notice about teaching at the present time is that some teachers look to this profession for the sake of Financial compensation. He also teaches the subject without prior planning for the process, so he teaches it without even knowing what the subject is that he will teach and without knowing or defining the goals, which he is supposed to achieve in the end at the end of the lesson and without specifying the method and choosing it in a way that suits the material that he is presenting. Without using means that help deliver the material to the learner, without knowing how to ensure that the goals are achieved or the extent of their achievement by the learners, hence the importance of the research by designing and codifying a measure of self-talk for applied students in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the applied student, in addition to knowing the level of self-talk. For the applied student in order to advance the educational process. The self-talk scale was designed and standardized for students applied at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Basra. And setting standard levels and grades for the scale. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the style of a survey study. The research community was determined from male and female students of the fourth stage at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Basra for the academic year 2021/2022, and they numbered 248 male and female students, with a ratio of (177) male and (71) female students. As for the research sample, it was (100) male and female students, i.e. a percentage (40.323%) The researchers adopted this percentage for the project with the rest of the field procedures for the research, and the research sample was divided into the construction sample, the standardization sample, and the exploratory experiment sample.

Sports activities have become one of the most important factors that help to grow and build societies, and develop the personality of individuals in all aspects. The sports field constitutes a broad, open and logical model for applications of various management sciences, especially since we live in a developed world based on science and practical application, and physical education should not lag behind in catching up with development, especially after practicing sports activities has become one of the basics in the lives of many members of society and within their daily program to achieve The goals they want to achieve, including fitness, health, good appearance, human relationships, and getting rid of the pressures of work and life. Sports are a means of adapting to the requirements of modern life, in which the importance of maintaining an individual’s physical fitness and improving his internal systems has increased
Sports, in all its activities, have become an important part of the service sector. The research aims to build a measure of administrative empowerment. Evaluating the work of swimming pools departments in administrative empowerment from the point of view of administrators in the swimming pools administration in Sulaymaniyah Governorate. Identifying the differences between the hypothesized arithmetic mean of the scale and the mean of the research sample on administrative empowerment. The researchers used the descriptive survey method to suit the nature of the research.

The study aimed to prepare a measure of thinking styles according to Sternberg’s theory among handball players in the Iraqi Premier League, construct a measure of psychological sanity among handball players in the Iraqi Premier League, and prepare a measure of self- and social compatibility for handball players in the Iraqi Premier League. The two researchers used the descriptive approach that It has a special place in the field of psychological research. The research community was represented by handball players in the Iraqi Premier League for the sports season (2022-2023), who numbered (243) players representing (15) clubs. The two researchers reached several conclusions, the most important of which are the standards prepared and designed by the researcher. The ability to measure each of the thinking styles, self-social harmony, and psychological sanity among handball players in the Iraqi Premier League. The thinking styles (conservative, local, hierarchical, governance, legislative, and external) have highly statistically significant correlations, respectively, with psychological sanity among the research sample.

The research aims to identify the obstacles to applying the blended learning method from the point of view of faculty members at Saladin University during the academic year (2021-2022) by doing:
Preparing a measure of the obstacles to applying the blended learning method from the point of view of faculty members at Saladin University/Erbil, then identifying those obstacles that stand as a barrier to its application at the aforementioned university from the point of view of faculty members, and then identifying the statistical differences in the obstacles that Facing the application of blended learning from the point of view of faculty members according to the variables of gender, academic specialization, and experience. The study used the descriptive survey method, and to collect data, a questionnaire (2) was prepared, the first for faculty members, consisting of four areas in the form of a scale consisting of (40) items, which was applied to a sample of (321) faculty members, thus forming The questionnaire consists of four areas, which are administrative obstacles, financial technology, obstacles related to the curriculum and evaluation methods, social obstacles, and obstacles related to faculty members. After extracting the validity and reliability coefficient, the researchers applied the scale to the sample members and the data was analyzed statistically using the (Spss) program.

The importance of this study lies in the fact that the phenomenon of psychological burnout is a psychological phenomenon that obstructs athletic achievement and reduces the level of handball players in the Premier League because this phenomenon is characterized by many dimensions, some of which may affect the level of handball players in the Premier League due to the somewhat close levels between the teams and the high intensity of competition, which led to the focus On the training or technical aspects, as for the research problem, the problem crystallizes on a set of questions that determine the dimensions of the problem and surround the topic of choice for this study and attempts to develop effective solutions to it, which are:
• What is the importance of knowing a number of psychological phenomena and the interaction between them and the extent of their impact on handball players
• Is there a relationship between the topics of the study and the extent to which they influence each other and their impact on Premier League handball players?
• The lack of studies that have addressed the issue of psychological burnout and linked it to topics such as the psychological toughness of handball players in the Premier League.
• What is the role of psychological burnout on handball players and the extent of the role of psychological toughness for Premier League players in reducing this?
The objectives of the research were to build and apply a measure of the dimensions of psychological burnout among players of premium-class handball clubs, prepare and apply a measure of psychological toughness among players of premium-class handball clubs, and establish standard levels for a measure of the dimensions of psychological burnout and psychological toughness among players of premium-class handball clubs. And to identify the level of dimensions of psychological burnout and psychological toughness among players of premium-class handball clubs, and to identify the relationship between the dimensions of the psychological burnout scale and psychological toughness among players of premium-class handball clubs.

The importance of the research lies in identifying the training status of the players and studying the physical and physiological aspects for the purpose of developing strength characterized by speed and heart rate (blood pressure, heart rate, physical efficiency) through a proposed training curriculum, as they are among the physiological indicators that reflect the functional state of the circulatory and respiratory systems to maintain the level. Sports for the maximum possible period for football players (youth category) under (19) years of age. The problem of the research was that most young players have a weakness in strength and speed, which has a clear impact on the balance in their performance and physical skills in the correct manner, which is reflected in their functional capabilities, and that the lack of interest in this aspect led the researchers to delve into preparing appropriate exercises to develop the physical ability and functional variables of the players. Young people to help them improve their level of performance in this game. The sample was represented by a number of players from the Diyala Youth and Sports Directorate at the Al-Muqdadiya and Al-Khalis Youth Forum, amounting to (28) football players who were chosen intentionally. They were divided into two experimental and control groups by lottery, each group consisting of (14) players. The study also reached a number of conclusions, including (the training curriculum exercises contributed to developing the physical ability and functional variables of the players. The training curriculum had a positive impact on the level of recovery after the effort, a decrease in the level of the heart rate during the three-minute period immediately after the completion of the effort) and recommendations (adopting the components of the curriculum Training: When training players, coaches must emphasize developing the strength and speed of the players, and pay attention to raising the level of efficiency of the players’ functional systems.

The research problem called for the researcher to conduct this study as she is teaching at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in order to identify the types of sports injuries and the causes of their occurrence in order to contribute to reducing their spread with the aim of preserving the health and safety of students and focusing efforts to reduce their occurrence and continue the educational process successfully and also lead to deprivation. Injured students are unable to acquire motor skills in practical lessons during their time at the college due to these injuries and the irregularity of their work for a short or long period, depending on the severity of the injury, in addition to the physical, psychological, and material suffering they suffer. Objectives of the research: Identifying the types of sports injuries among fourth-year students in the College of Education. Physical and sports sciences. Finding differences in the types of sports injuries and the reasons for their occurrence among fourth-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Research hypothesis: There are statistically significant differences in the types of sports injuries and the reasons for their occurrence among fourth-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The objectives of the research: to identify the types of sports injuries among fourth-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Identifying the causes of sports injuries among fourth-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Research hypothesis: There are statistically significant differences in the types of sports injuries and the reasons for their occurrence among fourth-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Research Methodology: The researcher used the descriptive method using the survey method to suit the nature of the problem. Research population and sample: The original population consisted of students in the fourth stage/Department of Basic Education, numbering 54 students for the academic year 2022-2023. In order to achieve the goals of the research and its hypothesis, a sample must be chosen that represents the community faithfully, so the researcher chose the research sample from students in the fourth stage who had injuries. Diverse, their number reached (33) infected students, so the percentage is (61%(

The importance of research has emerged by building a measure of social interaction for kindergarten children aged (4-6) years, which will contribute to their future interaction with the environment that surrounds them and also increase the development of their ability to skills and abilities and move them to the special sports skills on which all sports activities and games depend. The research problem was summarized in the presence There was a weakness in the lack of interaction of children while playing with other children due to the isolation of children at the present time in their homes on electronic devices, and also the lack of use of purposeful games in kindergartens that develop their interaction with the environment and other children to fill those gaps and thus cause them not to develop their capabilities for basic skills and motor abilities. It was The most important objectives of the research are to design small games according to the strategy of learning through play and social interaction for children aged 4-6 years, as well as building a measure of social interaction for children aged 4-6 years. As for the third chapter, it deals with the research methodology and its field procedures, as the research sample was deliberately selected from children. Al-Yamamah Kindergarten, numbering (130) male and female children for the academic year (2022-2023), while the fifth chapter dealt with the conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which was the emergence of statistically significant differences between the results of the pre-test and the results of the post-test for the experimental and control groups in all research tests, which indicates that The play-learning strategy used in the research has contributed greatly to the development of social interaction and the development of some motor abilities and some basic skills for kindergarten children aged (4-6) years. The most important recommendations are the use of the social interaction scale for kindergarten children prepared by the researchers for children at the beginning of a new school year with the help of Kindergarten teachers to know the unwanted gaps in children and the positives and negatives that children face in their lives, to identify the level of social interaction of Iraqi children.

The study aims to know the effect of feedback using wireless water communication in learning the technical performance of free swimming for beginners. The researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature of the problem and the goal of the research. The research population consisted of participants in the summer course for teaching swimming in the (Sports Center) swimming pool in the district of Kalar, who numbered (27) children. As for the research sample, they numbered (20) children whose ages ranged from ( (10-12) years, as the percentage of the sample reached (74%) from the community of origin, and based on the characteristics of the research sample, the researcher divided the individuals of the research sample into two homogeneous groups by lottery method, and each group consists of (10) beginner children for the two research groups, the group ( A) the experimental group and (B) the control group, who could not swim at all. The researchers concluded:
1- Direct auditory feedback using wireless water communication technology has an effective effect in learning the technical performance of free swimming.
2- The experimental group members outperformed the control group members in the freestyle technical performance test.

The aim of the research is to prepare a questionnaire for the personal characteristics of teachers of artistic gymnastics from the point of view of female students. And to prepare a questionnaire for the teaching competencies of teachers of artistic gymnastics from the point of view of female students. And to identify the personal characteristics of teachers of artistic gymnastics from the point of view of female students. And to identify the teaching competencies of teachers of artistic gymnastics. From the point of view of the female students. And to find the correlation between the personal traits and the teaching competencies of teachers of artistic gymnastics from the point of view of the female students. The current research population was determined from all the female students of the (second and third) stage for the morning study in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - College of Basic Education. -Al-Mustansiriya University, where their number reached (54) female students distributed over the two stages (the second and third). The researcher took the population as a whole, with a percentage of (100%) due to the small size of the population, and that sample was relied upon in preparing the two scales and applying them to the same sample. The most prominent recommendations were the necessity of using modern methods used in teaching artistic gymnastics, which helps to improve and develop the lesson correctly. Increasing the incentive to encourage and reward students who perform the exercises correctly during the lesson.

The study aimed to identify the common patterns of disturbed personality among volleyball players, and to identify the significance of the differences in the patterns of disturbed personality among volleyball players in sports clubs in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq according to the following variables: (age, academic qualification, training age, gender, governorate). ). The sample consists of (280) male and female players. There are (210) male and female (70) players who practice volleyball distributed among (20) clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and the sample includes (52.6%) of the research community. The scale (Rahal, 2011) was adopted, consisting of (90) items distributed over (9) dimensions, which are disordered personality types: hysterical, paranoid, depressive, antisocial, avoidant, borderline, narcissistic, obsessive, and dependent), and in front of each item there are five Alternatives to answer. The data was processed statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and the results showed the following: a low level of these disordered personality types in the research sample as a whole, and the presence of a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) for the age variable in four of these types, which are hysterical, Paranoia, obsessiveness, and dependence. There was a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) attributed to the academic qualification variable in one of those types, which is the narcissism style, in favor of institute graduates. There was a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) for the gender variable, and the differences were in favor of the gender group. Male.

In the introduction to their research, the two researchers touched on the educational process, as the tremendous scientific progress in knowledge has a significant impact in creating a gap between countries in terms of their progress, and we find ourselves as a developing country in dire need to benefit from the developments taking place in various fields by using modern strategies that help To deliver information in the simplest and easiest ways, which reduces a lot of effort and effort, and takes into account individual differences among students.
There are several learning strategies that can become part of the educational curriculum in learning basic handball skills, including the differentiated education strategy and its importance in achieving success. It enables the teacher to identify cognitive achievement by measuring the outcomes of the educational process of basic knowledge and information in the specialized field.
The research problem was crystallized through the researcher’s interest in the game of handball and his being a physical education teacher. The researcher noticed the neglect of the use and diversity of modern teaching methods in learning handball skill performance, which led to the neglect of improving performance in the required manner and thus a weakness in the cognitive achievement of the handball subject. The reason for this is that most of the methods The methods used in teaching do not give a major role to the student in building knowledge, which causes a weakness in cognitive achievement, and this is what prevents the development of aspects that improve the skill performance of the game of handball.
The researchers used the experimental approach in the style of equal groups, an experimental group and a control group, for its suitability in solving the research problem. The research complex was filled with students of the second stage for the academic year 2022-2023, who numbered (96 students).
The research sample was (B and C), with the number of sample members being (62) students, divided into two groups, control and experimental, with (31) students in each group.

The research aimed to identify the level of administrative operations for heads of Iraqi sports clubs in Nineveh Governorate from the point of view of members of the administrative body. For the purpose of achieving this goal, the researchers resorted to building a measure of the administrative processes of heads of sports clubs in Nineveh Governorate, where the researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the current research, and the research community included members of the administrative bodies of (14) sports clubs who received an evaluation by the Ministry of Youth and Sports. Iraqi sports season
2022-2023. A group of statistical methods were used to reach the results. The researchers concluded that heads of sports clubs in Nineveh Governorate resort to adopting sound administrative procedures based on administrative principles and elements that guarantee the achievement of good results. The researchers recommend the necessity of urging members within the sports club to adopt the correct scientific foundations when developing and designing various sports programs.

The research aimed to prepare a special questionnaire regarding the availability of material and human capabilities from the point of view of scout leaders in Iraq. And to identify the availability of material and human capabilities to manage school scout camps from the point of view of scout leaders in Iraq. The researcher identified a research population of decision-makers in Iraq, the Directorate of Sports and Scouting Activity in Iraq, where the current research population reached (378) decision-makers, 100% of whom were distributed in the directorates of sports and scouting activity in Iraq, where the researcher was limited to the Ministry of Education because the sample was close to The researcher adopted the percentage (50%) of the current research population by taking this percentage randomly, as the sample of the current research amounted to (189) decision makers. The simple random method (lottery) was relied upon in selecting the sample, and then the current research sample of which was divided (189) to (3) samples (exploratory - stability - application). The most prominent recommendations are the necessity of instilling morals and organizational values among students in order for the students to correctly understand the goals of school scout camps. The goals set by those in charge of managing the scout camp must be realistic and properly understood. It is necessary that those in charge of managing the scout camps have a clear future vision about achieving the goals of the scout camp.

The research aimed to prepare exercises specifically for the circular method to develop some physical abilities and one of the most important offensive skills, which is jumping shooting for young female basketball players. The researchers went to use the experimental approach by designing the experimental and control groups to suit the nature of the problem. The research sample was selected from the young female players of the North Gas Club in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq, as an experimental group, and the Aphrodite Club as a control group, with (6) female players in each group. The arithmetic mean of the research sample in measurements of height, weight, chronological age, and training age was.
Two exploratory experiments were conducted, the first for the purpose of establishing the scientific conditions for the tests under research and the second for the purpose of testing the application of the training curriculum. This was followed by conducting the pre-test, after which the main research experiment was carried out and then the post-test was conducted. The experimental curriculum was applied for a period of (8) weeks, with (4) training units per week. The statistical package (SPSS) was used to obtain the research results. The researchers concluded from the study that applying the curriculum led to a significant development in the skill of jumping shooting and some physical abilities, and it is important to focus on special strength exercises and the exciting circular method in developing the physical qualities of young female basketball players, as well as focusing on interactive exercises in training offensive skills. This enables the coach to develop the physical qualities of performance.

The importance of the research lies in using an educational program according to visual thinking networks to identify its effect on flexible thinking and some basic football skills for the students of Al-Israa Middle School for Boys, first grade, in the Diwaniyah District Center in the Diwaniyah Education Directorate for the academic year (2022-2023), who number (134) students. They represent (4) classes, and the researcher used the experimental approach in the style of two equal groups to suit it in applying his field procedures. As for the research sample, it included (32) students who were chosen by lottery and were from the two divisions (C and D), and those who were chosen by lottery became division ( d) Experimental group and division
(c) The control sample. The necessary tools and equipment were used in the research and the steps for its implementation, which included preparing an educational program according to the visual thinking networks, the exploratory experiment, and the main field experiment included in the pre-tests, applying an educational program according to the visual thinking networks, and then the post-tests. The researcher concluded that the students needed an educational program. According to visual thinking networks to help them in flexible thinking and some basic skills in football, the researcher recommends taking advantage of modern programs in lectures because of their major role in flexible thinking and some basic skills in football.

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between assertive behavior and the level of ambition among female football players in the halls of the Fatat Erbil Sports Club. The researcher used the descriptive approach in the style of mutual relations because it seeks to collect data from members of society and attempts to determine the current state of society in certain variables through the use of both: Measures of assertive behavior and the level of ambition among female football players in the Erbil Girls Club halls. The measures were used as research tools, and the researcher used a number of statistical methods to process the results she obtained, such as the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and simple correlation coefficient (Pearson). The research sample was chosen from the research community consisting of (20) female futsal players, and after presenting and discussing the results, the researcher concluded that there is a strong positive moral relationship between assertive behavior and the level of sporting ambition of the Erbil club’s futsal football players. In light of the conclusions that have been reached, the benefit and necessity of paying attention to women in all aspects of life and in all games, especially the psychological aspect, as the inclusion of a psychologist in women’s football teams has become more than necessary. The coach and administrator must also pay attention and focus on the effort exerted by the female player, not the result, and work to increase the confidence of the female soccer player in competitive and training situations. Conduct studies to develop training programs to enhance assertive behavior in various competitive sports. And develop the characteristic level of ambition among female players, which is consistent with reality. Sports and social development to serve their future successes and work to prevent them from falling into despair and frustration.

The role of the orphanage institution includes in its nature many different talents and abilities of a distinct nature in general, in addition to its other aspect, which concerns us in our research, which is sporting excellence. The researcher also noted the lack of scientific research that addressed this social aspect related to sporting events, despite the fact that this category is among The categories that most need realistic study have priorities, including raising the morale of athletes in this category and increasing moral support. The research aims to build a measure of social adaptation for students in state care homes in the southern region, and to identify the level of social adaptation for students in state care homes in the southern region. The research community focused on state welfare homes in the southern region for the academic year 2021-2022, which includes the governorates of (Dhi Qar, Maysan, and Basra), numbering (140) students. The researcher concluded the validity of the social adaptation scale. Prepared by the researchers to measure the social adaptation of students in state care homes who practice sports activities. The sample has different levels of social adaptation based on the results shown by the mathematical circles and standard levels. Practicing sports activities helps students in state care homes to adapt and socialize.

Weightlifting depends on strength, muscular and explosive ability, and correct skill performance, which is represented by lifting the highest weights in the snatch and clean. There are many aspects of muscular strength, including maximum and explosive strength, which are among the basic components of lifters.
Recent changes have occurred in the process of preparing lifters, especially in the part related to developing muscular and explosive strength, and one of the most recent changes is the practice of plyometric exercises in different methods. The researchers chose two training methods for plyometric exercises, one of which was performing the exercises using body weight, and the other was performing the same exercises by adding additional weight to the body weight. Hence, the importance of the research became clear, so that these exercises were different and varied within the training program and intensified with training units for lifters to develop aspects of muscular strength, which is of utmost importance in achievement. For lifters, especially the snatch, which is the first lift in competitions. This is to supplement the training process in weightlifting, improve their physical abilities, and develop their skill and achievement performance in a scientific manner.
The research aims to identify the differences between the pre- and post-tests between the two experimental and control groups for each of the variables of aspects of muscular strength and snatch achievement among lifters.
And to identify the rate of development for the two experimental groups due to the effect of plyometric exercises for all research variables.
And to identify the size of the effect for the two experimental groups on the effect of plyometric exercises on all variables of aspects of muscular strength and achievement among lifters.

The world is now heading towards a new phase and a comprehensive revolution in which old activities and technologies are declining to be replaced by new activities and technology, which depend on mental work distinguished by creativity and the generation of new information that is suitable for confirming more accurate and sophisticated information and used in developing new technology.
The concept of knowledge is not a new thing. Knowledge has accompanied man since the opening of his consciousness, and has risen with him from its primitive levels, accompanying the expansion and depth of his awareness, until it has reached its current peak.
However, what is new today is the extent of its impact on economic and social life and on the human lifestyle in general, thanks to the scientific and technological revolution. The last quarter of the twentieth century witnessed the greatest change in human life, the third transformation after the emergence of agriculture and industry, and was represented by the revolution of highly advanced science and technology in the electronic, nuclear, physical, biological, and space fields. The information and communications revolution played a pioneering role in this transformation, as it enabled humans to impose their control over nature to the extent that the factor of cognitive development became more influential in life than other factors.

The researcher drew on the developments of the new era, including scientific and cognitive acceleration in most aspects of life, as it is one of the most important ways of human knowledge and is in the process of progress in accordance with the principles of scientific research, and to the role and importance of critical thinking and its relationship to social conditioning among female students of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of the Middle Euphrates.
The study aims to identify critical thinking and its relationship to social conditioning among female students in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of the Middle Euphrates. The research aimed to identify the degree of critical thinking and social adaptation among female students who practice sports activity and those who do not practice it. And to identify the correlation between critical thinking and its relationship to social conditioning among female students in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of the Middle Euphrates.
The descriptive approach was used using the survey method to achieve the research objectives. The research community included female students in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences at the universities of the Middle Euphrates (2020-2021), and the research sample was chosen by (150) individuals distributed among the universities of the Middle Euphrates. Through what emerged from the results of the statistical analysis of the data and the study of the variables, conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that there are significant differences in critical thinking and its relationship to social adjustment among female students of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of the Middle Euphrates.

The research aims to identify the values of some kinematic and geometric variables in the deadlift using the traditional method. Drawing the kinetic paths of the weight in the deadlift in the traditional way.
And achieving the construction of an applied model of the movement path of the research sample for deadlifting in the traditional way.
The researchers used the descriptive method using the analytical method to suit the nature of the research. The research sample consisted of advanced lifters, and their number was (10) lifters who were chosen intentionally.
The researchers used a questionnaire, test, and technical scientific observation, and they were conducted using a high-speed video camera, type Sony a7R Mark III, 120 images per second.
The researchers used kinematic analysis programs (Kenova 0.9.5) to obtain the kinematic variables of the movement path of the weight and the goniometric in the deadlift. The data were processed statistically using the SPSS v.27 statistical package. The researchers concluded that there is a similarity in the form of the movement path of the deadlift in the traditional way among the members of the research sample, without cutting the imaginary line descending to Earth’s gravity, except for one quarter, meaning 90% of the individuals in the research sample do not have a cutting of the imaginary line descending to Earth’s gravity.

The importance of the current study lies in the fact that biochemical and physical measurements in the sports field play an important role in predicting the abilities of athletes and their functional and physical performance and the extent of their improvement, in addition to the importance of these measurements in directing the individual to the sport that is most appropriate to his physical potential and functional abilities. It is also considered a measure for monitoring the athlete’s performance during the training period. The problem of the research came from the necessity of identifying the extent of knowledge of the biochemical and physical differences among the female players of the ACAD Volleyball Club during and during the menstrual cycle. Eight female players from the Acad Volleyball Club were selected randomly. The researcher used many tests, including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLT), and hemoglobin (HGB) percentage. Hematocrit ratio (HCT), blood sugar (Glucose), harmful cholesterol (LDL), benign cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides, in addition to physical tests. The researcher concluded that there are clear differences in the number of red blood cells between the two measurements before the menstrual cycle and during the menstrual cycle for the research sample in favor of the measurement before the menstrual cycle. . There are no clear differences in biochemical variables between the two measurements before the menstrual cycle and during the menstrual cycle for the research sample consisting of female ACAD volleyball club players during the menstrual cycle.

The development of sports achievements was discussed, and muscle strength is one of the most important factors that affect sports performance, as it helps runners to enable them to perform the necessary movements and improve the speed of movement. Therefore, muscular strength has a major role in enhancing the athletic performance of athletes, as the issue of runners possessing types of muscular strength gains importance and specificity in the training process. The researchers noticed that there is a difference between one runner and another in completing the 110-meter hurdles, and this is clearly evident through the results he obtains. This result fluctuates from one race to another, between positive and negative, and it may be one of the most important reasons for the difference in muscular strength. The research sample represents youth team players, and special measurements were used, not extracting results. The researchers concluded that there is a relationship between some types of strength with the completion of the 110-meter hurdles for young runners, and they recommended paying attention to the results that they showed. Study of each type of strength in achievement 110 meter hurdles for young runners

The importance of the research lies in the use of an educational model, which is the constructivist learning model, to identify its effect on creative thinking and some basic basketball skills for first-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Muthanna University, for the academic year (2021-2022), who number (65) students representing (3) divisions. The researcher used the experimental approach in the manner of two equal groups for its suitability in applying field procedures. The research sample included (26) students who were chosen by lottery and were from my division.
(B, D), which were chosen by lottery, became (D) the experimental group and (B) the control group. The necessary tools and equipment were used in the research and the steps for its implementation, which included preparing the constructivist learning model, the reconnaissance experiment, and the main field experiment included in the pre-tests and applying the model. Constructive learning, then post-tests. The researcher concluded that students need a constructive learning model to help them develop creative thinking and some basic basketball skills. The researcher recommends making use of modern models in lectures because of their major role in creative thinking and some basic basketball skills.

The sword fencing event is one of the activities practiced by people with disabilities on chairs, and it requires a quick motor response from the disabled person. The optimal choice and use of the training method, the method of performing the exercises, and the appropriate amount of effort is crucial in creating a spirit of challenge and motivating players to achieve faster and more accurate movements. Circular exercises are one of the Effective training methods in achieving the development of speed and movement among disabled players. Through the researcher’s work, the researcher noticed that there is a weakness among Iraqi players in response speed, and this may be one of the most important reasons why traditional training programs are insufficient to develop the speed requirements of disabled players. The aim of the research is to identify the effect Exercises using circular training to develop the speed requirements of disabled fencing players were applied to (6) elite players to determine the effect of exercises using circular training on speed requirements, using special tests for the speed of motor performance of the hands and the speed of stabbing, conducting special tests, and applying the exercises. The researcher concluded that adopting exercises using... Circular training develops the speed requirements of fencing players for the disabled, and it is definitely recommended to use this type of training.

With advances in various mathematical sciences, including teaching methods, researchers advancing education have sought to answer research questions about students' disproportionately weak skills in learning technical subjects.
The purpose of this study was also to determine the impact of an educational program with a multi-level learning approach on learning volleyball strategy. Researchers use experimental methods because they meet their research needs. The research team included second-year students from the Faculty of Physical Education, Exercise and Exercise Science at Hamdaniya University. The number of students is (66). The study sample was limited to her 40 students, Divided into two groups (control group and experimental group). by simple random method, with 20 students in each group, so the sampling rate was (60.606%). Subsequently, homogeneity, equivalence, and preliminary checks were performed before applying the method to an experimental sample of multiple educational units, which was only applicable to the main body of educational units - a hierarchical learning approach. The total number of lessons is (6) hours and the duration is (3) Two hours a week for several weeks. Control group continued with their own program. After receiving the data and performing statistical processing, the following main conclusions and recommendations are drawn. last but not least:
- An educational program with a multi-level approach to learning will have a positive impact on learning interesting volleyball technical skills.
suggestion:-
- Learning the remaining volleyball skills requires an educational program that takes a multi-level approach to learning to determine how they affect the learning of these skills.

The aim of the current research is to: Standardization of the aesthetic values scale prepared by (Al-Bajari, 2005) for male and female physical education teachers in schools in Nineveh Governorate, after answering the following questions: What is the significance of the correlation coefficients between the scores of the scale items and the scores of the fields to which they belong when applying the scale to the sample of the current research? What is the significance of the correlation coefficients between the scores of the scale’s domains and the scale’s total score? What are the validity indicators for the items of the aesthetic values scale using the peripheral comparison method among male and female physical education teachers? What are the indicators of the scale’s stability after standardizing it on the research sample? The researchers used the descriptive approach for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research included a sample of (429) teachers and schools who specialize in physical education and sports sciences and are affiliated with the secondary, middle and middle schools of the General Directorate of Education of Nineveh Governorate. The research used a scale of aesthetic values (46) items, and the researchers concluded that the standardized scale can be used in the future to measure the level of aesthetic values of physical education teachers, especially after modifications were made to it to become compatible with the cognitive and professional characteristics of the sample members

The researcher pointed out the importance of the current study in verifying and identifying the genetic characteristics of blood types and their relationship to the concentration of lactic acid in football players, as well as its importance in directing the vital processes of training and technical training loads and intensity, and the level of lactic acid concentration is one of the most important factors that work to cause local fatigue. And fatigue in the body, which accompanies training and competition. As for the research problem, the researcher noticed that many athletes have varying concentrations of lactic acid from one athlete to another, which affects physical and functional abilities, and this constitutes part of the confusion in the accuracy of scientific research, as the researcher tries to study this problem according to genetic factors and indicators related to hereditary blood types. The difference in blood types can lead to the concentration of lactic acid according to the type of type, which causes fatigue, stress, and disturbances in the level of concentration for people with these types. The third chapter included the research methodology and field procedures, as the researcher used the descriptive approach for its suitability and the nature of the research, as the research community was chosen intentionally and numbered (15) players, in addition to his use of appropriate statistical methods in order to achieve the research objectives and hypotheses. The fourth chapter included the presentation and analysis of the results. The results reached by the researcher are discussed through data and tables. The researcher will conclude that there are no significant differences between the level of lactic acid concentration and the blood types of the research sample.