Iraqi Journal for Administrative Sciences

The task of selecting variables is important to build a model that leads to accurate predictions, especially when the data under study suffer from the problem of linear multiplicity, and the presence of many phenomena in our daily life, especially the social suffer from this problem, In order to compare the methods of estimating the parameters of the regression model of the biased ridge regression and the Bayesian ridge regression. As a comparison of the two methods through the mean squares error MSE and the probability value P-Value. In order to apply the methods in practice, a random sample of 100 women's fertility was withdrawn to study the factors affecting the number of children born as dependent variable and many independent random variables is (woman age , the age at married , graduate of woman , graduate of husband , women's weight, women's use of contraception, women's smoking, Age of Husband, job of husband, Marriage Period, Number of Dead Children, Hours of Exercise per Week, hours of female sleep per day, women taking drugs, duration of breast feeding, mother's job), data were suffering from a linear multiplicity problem, It was found that the Bayesian regression method has the best estimation methods for owning the MSE

The research aims to highlight the role of the forensic accountant and draw the attention of the Integrity Commission to the importance of the forensic accountant to assist the investigative and forensic authorities. To achieve the objectives of the research was followed descriptive approach to the nature of the subject of the research was designed a questionnaire from 28 paragraphs as a tool to collect data. The authors concluded that forensic accountants should be familiar with concepts, procedures and legal rules, and be able to determine the form and legal substance when dealing with an issue. They usually require forensic engagements, analysis, interpretation, summary and presentation of complex issues of financial and business issues in a well understood and supported manner. The most important recommendation to the researchers is: The forensic accountant must continue to develop his managerial skills through specialized courses to be knowledgeable and skilled in the interpretation and understanding of laws and legal rules in order to determine the appropriate legal basis for the case before him.

Investment funds are one of the most widely recognized financial innovations in the world, By offering opportunities to investors who do not have the financial resources, experience or time to enter the securities market. The study aims at showing the possibility of setting up investment funds in Iraq and stimulating the financial markets to establish investment funds and motivate investors individuals or institutions to enter into investment funds and benefit from the expertise and skills of the managers of these funds, which contributes to enhancing the efficiency of the stock market. The problem of the study was a set of main questions. Are the main requirements for banks to establish investment funds? Are there financial surpluses for investors to participate in investment funds?. Distribution of (25) form for both managers and investors in the Iraqi market for securities, the form distributed to bank managers a set of variables aimed at showing the availability of the main requirements of banks to establish investment funds, including (laws, financial resources, information technology, expertise, skills Administration, Human Resources). The investors' form also included a set of variables, including (the need for investment funds, financial resources, the financial position of investors, risk level, information technology). The forms were analyzed using the Excel program. A set of conclusions has been reached on whether the basic requirements for the establishment of investment funds in Iraq, whether in terms of laws, financial resources, information technology and technical expertise of fund management, are available, and that Iraqi investors are interested in dealing with investment funds because of their need. Finally, the study recommended the establishment of investment funds to diversify the investment areas in the funds through investment portfolios in various sectors to achieve the best returns to investors with less risk.

The family income was defined as the collection of the family members income. Therefore, when we analysis the family income data we find these data are ordinal type. Thus, the ordinal logistic model was used, which is defined as a regression analysis when the dependent variable is qualitative. It is a predicting analysis used to describe the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more of independent qualitative or quantitative variables.
Adjacent Categories Logit Model is used, which is one of the ordinal logistic regression models to analysis the data when the dependent variable is ordinal. We apply this model to analysis the family income data which are collected by using a questionnaire and use STATA.14.2 software to get the results.
The results show that the variables (number of the employee member in the family, type of the householder employment, ownership of the house, costs of the entertainment that the family spend in month), are the main factors affect the family income (y).

In order to achieve the objectives sought by the researcher, he must collect data and information on that research, and because some data is difficult to obtain or cannot be obtained for reasons of cost, effort and time, he must choose the method of inspection, which ensures the achievement of research objectives at the minimum time Less effort and less cost. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to use the sampling method, which ensures that the time, effort and cost of data are reduced. Under these circumstances, the concept of ranked group sampling (RSS) seems useful for obtaining a lot of information. Therefore, the purpose of the thesis is to estimate the Frechet Distribution parameters of the shape parameter (θ)and the scale parameter (λ) using three estimation methods: the maximum possible method, the least square method and the Shrinkage method , And then find an estimate of the reliability function and then choose the best estimate using some statistical criteria. The simulation method of Monte Carlo was used to determine the superiority of the methods used by comparing the average error squares and the amount of bias. The results of the simulation experiments showed that the best method for estimating the reliability function in the order of the concentration of the ordered groups is the method Shrinkage of 40% The Least squares and the Maximum Likelihood in the rate of 30%. Real data representing the failure times of the dental restoration ceramics were also used to apply the best method. The results of the applied side showed that the shrinkage method was appropriate with the actual data of the failure times for the dental restoration ceramics.

The present research aims to test the relationship between organizational culture patterns and the social responsibility of the organization in Al-Hussein educational hospitals and the specialized sponsor. In order to achieve the objective of the research, the data was collected using the questionnaire form from a sample of (146) respondents from Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital and from (114) respondents from Al-Kafeel Specialist Hospital. The questionnaire data were analyzed using a set of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis tools. The most important results were that Al-Kafeel Specialist adopts the clan culture and the Adherence culture, while the Hussein educational hospital adopts the market and hierarchy cultures. One of the most important recommendations was the need to pay attention to both the legal responsibility of the Al-Kafeel Specialist Hospital , and attention to promote the culture of clan and Adherence in the Hussein Teaching Hospital to promote creativity

The measure of market risk is the potential loss to banks, which is now used as a tool to measure, manage and control the market risk that can be faced by the bank. As we know, the ultimate goal of banks is to increase profitability and reduce the loss that can be exposed, This study has been linked to the concept of market risk by default in repayment due to the importance of the role of credit in achieving the objectives of the bank in the long term. The study adopted in its application on a set of reports and financial statements published for a group of banks listed in the Iraqi market for securities (8) banks (Bank of Baghdad, Commercial Bank of Iraq, Middle East Bank, Iraqi Investment Bank, Iraqi National Bank, Credit Bank, Sumer Commercial Bank, Gulf Commercial Bank). The study used a set of financial and statistical means to achieve its objectives. The study was used to verify the normal distribution of data (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and found that it is subject to normal distribution. The study also used the analysis of correlation and regression of the study variables and hypothesis testing using a set of statistical methods. The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the absence of a relationship of significant statistical significance and correlation between market risk, default rates and market risk. The study presented a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the need for the management of banks to study the risks other than market risks such as credit risk, financial risks, etc., and their impact on default rates.

The study deals with the planning of marketing information systems and its impact in the marketing of electronic banking: An analytical study of the views of a sample of employees in (Bank of Baghdad) for the governorates of the Middle Euphrates to achieve two types of objectives, the theory that focuses on the planning of marketing information systems and its impact in the success of electronic banking marketing, And the field, which represents an analytical survey of the views of a sample of employees in (Bank of Baghdad) in the provinces of the Middle Euphrates, and the role of planning of marketing information systems in helping decision makers to make appropriate decisions. The study gained its importance as one of the few attempts that dealt with this subject, In the provinces of the Middle Euphrates.
The study was based on three basic assumptions. The first is based on the absence of a significant correlation between the dimensions of information systems planning Marketing and the dimensions of e-banking marketing. The second hypothesis assumes that there is no significant effect of planning of marketing information systems in electronic banking marketing,The third hypothesis assumes that there is no significant effect on the dimensions of the planning of marketing information systems in electronic banking marketing. The descriptive statistics and the analytical statistics were used. Some statistical methods were used, the most important of which were the repetitions, percentages, weighted arithmetic, standard deviations, EAF), the use of the KMO scale, the use of Bartlett's selection, the selection of T, the regression equations, the R values, and the F value were used, the data were collected by the questionnaire and analyzed mathematically using For the scientific census and was carried out using the statistical program (SPSS.V.18) The study has reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that the environment is considered a major variable in the field of e-banking marketing. The planning of the marketing information systems has become the main link between the bank and the environment. Which will support the work of the bank and seek to implement the activities of electronic marketing, the statistical results showed a correlation relationship and a significant impact between the planning of marketing information systems and electronic banking marketing in general and in detail The researcher recommended the gradual abandonment of the bureaucratic structures and the traditional marketing methods in banks, and the tendency to build flexible and flexible electronic marketing structures and networks to respond to the changes that have been introduced and to enhance the role of the marketing information and information exchange systems. The policy of change and development as a systematic and continuous process in the bank

The objective of the research is to test the Mediator role of the strategic renewal in enhancing the relationship between the strategic consciousness and the strategic niche of the organizations by applying in a sample of the faculties of Babylon University. In order to achieve this, the dimensions of the strategic consciousness (reframing, system thinking, learning orientation, reflecting) were adopted based on (Turkay,2012), and the dimensions of the strategic renewal (exploration strategic renewal and exploitative strategic renewal) were adopted based on (Stienstra,2008), while the dimensions of strategic niche (formation of expectations and visions, Belding of social network, learning processes) were adopted based on (Vanheule et al.,2012;Mourik&Raven,2006).
The University of Babylon was selected as an applied field for research by distributing a questionnaire of (90) respondents from the administrative and scientific leaders of the faculties of the university. The simple correlation coefficient (Pearson) was used, the Confirmation Factor Analysis. One of the most important conclusions reached is that the adoption of the approach of strategic renewal has an effective effect in enhancing the relationship between the strategic consciousness and the strategic niche of the university in the research sample in light of competition in the Iraqi higher education sector. The study concluded with a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to employ the strategic role of strategic renewal in enhancing the positive impact relationship between the strategic consciousness in enhancing the strategic niche within the higher education sector and scientific research in line with the provision of new educational services and scientific consultancy that add value to the university and its professors as well as its employees through its various faculties Scientific specialties.

The study examined the measurement and analysis of the relative effectiveness of fiscal policy tools (taxes and expenditures) in the Iraqi economy for the period 1989-2017. The government can stabilize the economy by using fiscal policy tools to influence the level of real GDP, depending on the level of the country's economic development and output structure.
The research started from the premise that fiscal policy plays a major role in achieving economic stability, relying on the structure of the country's GDP, so activating the role and contribution of the private sector in the output will enhance the effectiveness of fiscal policy instruments. The importance of research is to clarify the relative effectiveness of fiscal policy in the Iraqi economy for the period 1989-2017.
The research was based on the inductive method of economic analysis to follow the evolution of economic variables for research through a time series, and then extrapolating the economic reality and analysis of economic phenomena and development during the research period, and then derive the economic effects resulting from them. To illustrate the effectiveness of fiscal policy instruments in GDP, economic measurement was used through the use of ARDL.
One of the main conclusions of the research is that current expenditures have no significant short- and long-term impact on GDP, nor do taxes and investment expenditures have a long-term effect on GDP. This means that fiscal policy is ineffective in Iraq's economy Short and long.

Due to the differing behaviors pursued by the leaders with the employees the subject of leadership styles requires study and examination continuously to determine the leadership style most appropriate to improve the performance of staff and the problem of this study was that (are you interested in administrative leaders the subject of study by pursuing the type of leadership which affects the performance of workers ).while the importance of the study originated as an important topic dealt with administrative work in the middle of changes and disturbances that took place in the Iraqi environment .
The study deal with two variables and this and this variables are leadership styles and performance of staff in order to know the nature of the prevailing leadership styles and their compatibility with current trends and effect relationship on the performance of staff and study sample consisted of (40) of the associate deans and heads of scientific departments in five collages and the university of karbala and have been of the most important conclusion ( that there is a desire and inclination to adopt the lead in a community study of the pattern of the leading Democrats) and the most important recommendations ( is to promote self-confidence and leadership among workers and statement of their role to assume greater responsibilities through assign them and encourage them and give them authority in their field ).

The hotel sector Leads a major role in the development of tourism activity, as well as the development of the service product and its service capabilities that meet the needs and desires of customers. In spite of the great development witnessed by the hotels in the world, and the departure from the function of the accommodation and food and drink, and the trend to the knowledge, entertainment and health, but the Iraqi hotel sector is weak in the trend towards these trends in the global despite the existence of factors of success encouraging and stimulating towards the development of traditional hotel services. This is the problem of the research through which we reached a conclusion; The failure of the guest to achieve a hotel trip beyond his mental perceptions, and the decline of hotel services in Iraq on accommodation services, food and drink services, and other traditional services, and the absence of modern technology in hotel reservations that are made online in Iraqi hotels.

The study aims to reveal the interactive effect of quality standards in education in enhancing the relationship and the strategic impact of comprehensive quality management on the organizational culture of Iraqi educational institutions. The application of comprehensive quality management methods in educational institutions is critical. This is to advance and develop high levels of performance and quality and raise the efficiency of administrative and academic services. However, quality methods alone may not achieve the desired goal in the Iraqi educational institution. Adherence to educational quality standards and values may require an organizational culture that guarantees participation and commitment to the organization’s values directed toward the quality of the educational and pedagogical process. The researcher used the descriptive, analytical, and statistical approach, and chose a sample of teaching and administrative staff in some secondary schools in the Basra Education Directorate. More than 120 questionnaires were distributed and 81 questionnaires were returned. The questionnaire was adopted as the main tool for collecting data. The researcher also adopted some statistical methods that are compatible with the nature of the analysis. The study reached a set of purposeful conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which was the desire to use and apply total quality management concepts. The study came out with recommendations, including holding development courses for teaching staff on the importance of following total quality management in developing educational performance.