Modern Sport

The study included five chapters

Chapter One: The chapter included: Introduction and the importance of the research:

The researcher addressed in the introduction the physical and skill tests required by students applying for admission to the College of Physical Education and the importance of these tests to determine the physical and skill status of the student applying for admission to the college. The researcher also addressed the importance of conducting an evaluation of the physical and skill aspects of accepted students several months after admission to identify the extent of progress and the impact of scientific lessons on the student's abilities

Research problem:

In order to determine the level of physical condition of a physical education student, an evaluation of the physical condition must be conducted by conducting physical fitness tests (abilities and physical qualities) and comparing them with admission tests in order to determine the level of physical fitness of students and to know the extent of progress or delay in the level of physical fitness of the student. Hence, the problem lies in the lack of an evaluation of the physical elements of college students in general and first-stage students in particular.

The objectives of the research:
1- Identifying the level of physical abilities of the research sample
2- Identifying the differences between physical abilities and the results of the acceptance tests of the research sample
The hypotheses of the research were:
There are statistically significant differences between the pre-tests (acceptance tests) and the post-tests, in favor of the post-tests.
As for the research areas:
1-Human field: A sample of first-stage students of the College of Physical Education, Al-Mustansiriya University for the academic year 2013-2014, numbering (30 students) of males
2-Time field 9/15/2013- to 4/1/2014
3-Spatial field: The internal hall and the external yard (playgrounds) of the College of Physical Education - Al-Mustansiriya University.
The researcher reached the following conclusions and recommendations in the fifth chapter:
Conclusions
1- There are statistically significant differences between the acceptance tests and the post-tests in favor of the post-tests
2- There is an effect of practical lessons on the development of all physical abilities for the research tests.
3- The effect of practical lessons was of varying degrees between the physical abilities for the research tests.
Recommendations:
1- Conduct similar studies for the rest of the academic stages in the College of Physical Education, Al-Mustansiriya University.
2- Conduct similar studies to evaluate the skill abilities for all academic stages.
3- Work on developing the student's physical abilities continuously through the physical fitness lesson
4- Encourage students to develop their physical abilities outside of class times.
5- Emphasize on the instructors in developing the students' physical abilities and a scientific image in order to avoid

Keywords: Fitness, Students

The research aims to identify the effect of different training programs on developing the endurance (strength-speed) of young volleyball players. 1- Identifying the impact of different training programs on developing the physical performance efficiency of young volleyball players
2- The emergence of significant differences in the results of the pre- and post-tests of the first experimental research groups (rubber) and the second (weighting)
As for the research sample, it was from the youth players from the specialized volleyball school, numbering (18) players, representing 100% of the research community. The researchers used the experimental curriculum to suit the nature of the research. The curriculum was implemented for a period of (10) weeks, at a rate of (3) training units per week. After conducting the pre- and post-tests, the following conclusions were obtained:
3- The superiority of the first experimental group (rubber training group) in developing endurance (strength-speed) and physical performance efficiency
4- The exercises used (rubber-weighting) contributed to increasing the economy in burning the energy needed for performance, reducing the effort expended, and improving the ability to perform motor skills
As for the recommendations, they were:
1. Adopting the training curriculum for using a means Weighting and elasticity in developing some physical abilities, which helps improve the fluidity of movement in performance
2. Diversity in the use of modern training methods and various and appropriate training methods works to break the stagnation
Keywords: volleyball, youth, training, fitness

The research problem lies in the poor level of learners' performance and the presence of errors in performance that may accompany it in the future in a way that is difficult to get rid of, and thus it is difficult to accurately deliver the ball to the required place. The researchers attribute one of the reasons for this to the lack of diversity in teaching methods and the lack of use of auxiliary means and tools during the educational process. The research aimed to identify the effect of exercises using educational means and tools in developing the accuracy of performing some basic skills in volleyball. The researchers also used the experimental method using the method of two equal groups randomly selected on (62) female students from the third stage in the College of Physical Education - University of Diyala, and they were divided into two equal groups, control and experimental. The exercises were implemented during (24) educational units at a rate of two educational units per week, and the time for implementing the exercises in each unit was (30) minutes. In light of the results, a number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which were: 1. The exercises using auxiliary tools and the exercises without using auxiliary tools prepared by the subject teacher had an effective impact on developing the accuracy of performing the skills under study. 2. Exercises using assistive devices are more effective than exercises without assistive devices in developing the accuracy of performing the skills under study. Keywords: learning, airplane, methods

The aim of the research is to:-
- Identify the most important biomechanical and functional variables of the skill of scoring accuracy in futsal.
- Find the percentage of contribution of some biomechanical and functional variables to the skill of scoring accuracy in futsal.
The study was conducted on a random sample of female students of the College of Physical Education / University of Diyala and the sample included 30 female students.

The results indicated that:-
There is a significant correlation between the biomechanical variables represented by the angular velocity test of the striking foot between the two stages of collision and striking and the speed of the ball launch.

1- There is a significant correlation between the functional variables represented by the oxygen capacity test and the resting pulse measurement test in addition to other conclusions.
Keywords: Football, Biomechanics, Accuracy

Tennis is a game that has different skills and requires the player to move quickly and gracefully and hit the ball with correct biomechanical conditions to achieve the goal of the skill with the highest accuracy and strength. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of special exercises according to some biomechanical variables to develop some motor abilities and the accuracy and strength of the performance of the forehand skill in tennis. The sample consisted of (8) players from the Iraqi national tennis team. The most important conclusions were that the special exercises used had an impact on developing the motor abilities represented by motor response, agility, flexibility, and coordination between the eye and the leg. The special exercises according to some biomechanical variables had an impact on developing the accuracy and strength of the forehand ground stroke skill. Keywords: Biomechanics, Tennis, Training

The research aims to identify the effect of using some teaching methods (psychological-training examination) in learning some basic skills in volleyball. The research sample consisted of (30) students from the first grade of intermediate school (Boys Awareness/General Directorate of Education of Baghdad Governorate, Rusafa/2). They were selected randomly (lottery method) and divided into three groups, a control group (the command method), a first experimental group (psychological examination method) and a second experimental group (training method), with (10) students for each group. The curriculum vocabulary prepared by the Ministry of Education was applied to the control group, while the educational units prepared by the researcher were applied to the first and second experimental groups. After giving the prescribed educational units, the post-tests were conducted, and the results were extracted and processed using the statistical package (spss). The researcher concluded that the teaching methods (the subject of the research) have a clear effect on the process of learning basic skills (sending from below, passing from below and passing from above) in volleyball, in addition to the superiority of the third group, which The training method was applied to the first and second groups, and the most important recommendations are to use the training method more widely in physical education lessons in learning basic skills (sending from below, passing from below, and passing from above) in volleyball, as well as using and diversifying teaching methods in light of the effectiveness and selected skill, the level of students and their ability, and the possibilities available in the school environment.

Keywords: volleyball, training, teaching methods

Shooting from a jump is an important and difficult skill, especially if the distance is far. When shooting, the player must face the goal to be free to shoot. This requires performing important movements in body parts that change its speed and thus increase the speed of the ball, which is one of the important things in shooting in certain situations. Therefore, some body parts must be moved in order to obtain speed that is used in shooting and transferred to the tool, which is the ball. The resulting shooting speed must be achieved through the process of kinetic transfer from the lower extremities to the throwing arm, which requires an increase in the resulting ball speed, trying to save effort in the shortest possible time period, conditional on successful shooting. The study aimed to:
1- Identify the values ​​of the angular momentum of the leading leg and the speed of the ball when performing the shooting skill by jumping high with handball, for both cases in the research sample.
2- Identifying the contribution of the angular momentum of the leading leg in changing the speed of the ball and for both cases when performing the high jump shooting skill in the research sample.

3- Identifying the differences in the values ​​of the variable of the angular momentum of the leading leg, the variable of the speed of the ball and in favor of pulling the leg down when performing the high jump shooting skill in handball between both cases in the research sample.
The descriptive approach was used in the survey method to solve the research problem and the research sample included the players of the Naft Al-Janoub Handball Club 2013-2014 AD, numbering (5) players, who are the back line players. The main experiment of the research was conducted on 11/26/2013 AD at exactly seven o'clock in the evening in the closed hall of the Naft Al-Janoub Sports Club in Basra Governorate. A video camera was used during the experiment and the program for analyzing sports skills (Dart Fish) was also used to extract the biomechanical variables. After processing the data on the computer according to the statistical program SPSS Ver. 8, A set of conclusions were reached, the most important of which are:
1- The movement of bending and extending the leg at the moment of shooting contributes to transferring the amount of motion to the ball, which means an increase in the speed of the ball when performing the shot from a high jump.
2- The amount of motion generated in the movement of bending the legs from bending and extending is greater than in the case of not bending and extending in a way that indicates a shooting style.
As for the most important recommendations, they are:
In light of the conclusions, the researchers recommend the following:-
1- Ensure, when training players, to perform bending and extending the legs when performing the shot from a high jump, as it adds speed to the ball and according to the requirements of the situation in the matches.
2- That the researchers' results be added to the literature of handball and distinguish between the two methods, which contributes to creating a base of players capable of performing the shot more effectively.
Keywords: Handball, Biomechanics

- The effect of the learning style for mastery using the ball launcher device on the accuracy of learning the skill of smashing in tennis by Asst. Prof. Dr. Rafid Mahdi Qadouri (University of Diyala - College of Physical Education).
- The first chapter contained the research objective, which is to identify the effect of the learning style for mastery using the ball launcher in activating the learning of the skill of the smashing hit (smash) in tennis.
- As for the research hypothesis, it confirmed that learning for mastery using the ball launcher has a positive effect on activating the learning of the skill of the smashing hit (smash) in tennis.
- The research sample included Bani Saad youth in tennis.
- The second chapter contained theoretical studies and similar studies related to the title.
- The third chapter included the research methodology and its field procedures, as the researcher used the experimental method to achieve the research hypothesis.
- As for the fourth chapter, it included a presentation of the research results, their analysis and discussion.
Chapter five included the conclusions and recommendations reached by the researcher. Among the most important recommendations is the necessity of using the learning method for mastery as an indirect method with an appropriate aid for such a sample and effective in learning the skill of pressing in tennis. Keywords: learning, teaching methods, tennis

An analytical study of some biokinematic variables of the skill of jump shooting from different areas with the presence and absence of a defender in a 3X3 basketball for the youth category
The research aims to identify some biokinematic variables of the skill of jump shooting from different areas with the presence and absence of a defender in a 3X3 basketball for the youth category and analyze them. Therefore, the descriptive approach was used in the survey study. The performance application for jump shooting was conducted by one of the youth category players and from the three areas (center, left, right) inside the forbidden area on the one hand and outside it on the other hand, as well as outside the far shooting arc and in two cases, once without a defender and another time with the defender, as several attempts were given to shoot according to each area and the most accurate successful attempt was adopted when analyzing.
The results came with the conclusions that the height of M.T.G at the moment of preparation is higher, the angles of the knee and hip joints at the moment of preparation are greater, and the angles of the elbow and wrist at the moment of launching the ball are greater in the case of jump shooting when the defender is present compared to when the defender is not present.
The maximum height of the M.S.G. is lower, and the angles of launch and entry of the ball are lower in the case of a jump shot with a defender than without a defender.

Keywords: Youth, Hand, Biomechanics

The aim of the research is to:
1- Identify the differences between some physical measurements and the skill performance of the players of the national team and the youth team with physical disabilities - sitting volleyball.
2- Identify the differences between some special physical abilities and the skill performance of the players of the national team and the youth team with physical disabilities - sitting volleyball.
3- Identifying the relationship between body measurements and skill performance of the players of the national team and the disabled youth team in volleyball - sitting

4- Identifying the relationship between some special physical abilities and skill performance of the players of the national team and the disabled youth team in volleyball - sitting
The research sample included players of the national team in volleyball and the disabled youth team in volleyball - sitting
The researcher concluded: - :-
1- The necessity of having physically disabled volleyball players with specific body measurements to help improve and develop skill performance.
2- Considering body measurements, especially the measurements of the upper limb of the body, as one of the important qualifications for a volleyball player.
3- The necessity of preparing a volleyball player with a "relative" preparation that includes the development of all physical abilities to be able to perform skills well.

Keywords: Disabled, body measurements, volleyball, special physical abilities

The first chapter contained the introduction and the importance of the research, where the researcher mentioned the importance of creative thinking for humans in general and scouts in particular, and cited a verse from the Holy Qur’an, saying: “Have they not reflected within themselves? Allah did not create the heavens and the earth and all that is between them except in truth.” (Al Imran, 119). Therefore, we find great interest in thinking and the important mental processes that fall under it in aspects of life, and in light of globalization and the changes that occur in the world of developments in order to reach the best solutions and overcome difficulties that would serve those in charge of the educational, pedagogical, training, or other scientific aspects. Through all these matters and in light of the scientific studies that fall under the title of creative thinking and how to activate this basic element of important mental processes, the importance of the research lies in knowing the extent of the impact of creative thinking on the special scouting skills of the advanced scout stage. May the researcher succeed in choosing such a topic and help scouts to contribute and develop their scouting creativity. The research problem was through the researcher's experience and his movement between scouting forums, there is a process of developing creative thinking or quick action that may not be seen or weak, so the researcher resorted to developing creative tests that develop the work of scouting skills that the scout needs.

Therefore, the research objectives were 1- Design proposed games to develop creative thinking for the advanced scout stage.

2- Identify the results of the tests in creative thinking on some scouting skills for the advanced scout for the experimental and control groups.

The researcher assumed: 1- There is an effect of creative thinking on some scouting skills specific to the advanced scout stage.

2- There are statistically significant differences in the tests for the experimental and control research groups in creative thinking and some scouting skills specific to the advanced scout.

The research areas were as follows:

Human field: The central scouting teams for the advanced scout affiliated with the Directorate of Sports and Scouting Education for Qadisiyah Governorate. Time frame: 5-2-2014 to 25-5-2014-3 Spatial frame: Al-Sunniyya Scout Camp in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate.

The researcher discussed the theoretical studies that are related to the research in particular, which is the advanced scout stage as well as creative thinking.

As for the research methodology, the researcher used the experimental method because it is the closest to the research problem and its treatment. After that, the method of selecting the sample and the percentage taken and the number of the sample who were excluded were detailed. The homogeneity and equivalence of the sample were conducted. Then, the tools used in the research were detailed, as well as the exploratory and main experiment of the research, as well as the method from which the data were extracted using the statistical program SPSS.

As for the conclusions, they were:
- The results of the puzzle-solving games, crossing the bridge, and transporting property were very high, which indicates the importance of these tests to develop and stimulate their creative side.
- The results of the ring transfer games and the pioneering work were also significant, which also indicates the need to develop these tests by introducing more difficult means that enable the scout to use his creativity to solve the problems he may face.

Regarding the recommendations, the researcher recommended:
- The need to conduct similar studies for the same skills and games, but at different stages to know the level of their creative thinking.
- The need to conduct similar studies for the skills that the researcher could not delve into, as the researcher took part of these skills for that stage.

Keywords: Scouts, teaching methods, small games

The importance and purpose of the research is to develop complex basketball exercises that are close to real playing situations, especially complex offensive skills, by focusing on more than one different skill according to the requirements of the game itself. The research relied on gradual compound exercises from easy to difficult and diversification in compound exercises from two or more skills, taking into account the qualities of accuracy and speed when performing. The problem of the research was the lack of use of complex exercises during training for the junior category and not gradual progression from easy to difficult. Four speed and accuracy tests were chosen for some offensive skills, and the players of the National Center for Sports Talent Care were divided into two experimental and control groups, with (10) players for each group. After obtaining the results and processing them statistically, the researcher reached some conclusions, including:  The proposed complex offensive skill exercises contributed to the development of the performance level of the offensive skills studied in all tests for the experimental group for the junior category in basketball.  The combined offensive skill exercises of the experimental group outperformed the control group exercises individually for all tests under study.

The combination of offensive skill increases the player's ability to control his positions during matches.

Keywords: Juniors, Basketball, Coaching Science

The research problem focuses on answering the following questions:

1- What is the dominant side of the brain for fourth-year students in rhythmic gymnastics?

2- What is the effect of the approach followed in performing the movement formation using the hoop in rhythmic gymnastics according to the dominant side of the brain?
The research aims to:
- Identify the dominant side of the brain for fourth-year students at the College of Physical Education for Girls / University of Baghdad in rhythmic gymnastics.
- Identify the effect of the approach followed according to the dominant side of the brain in performing the movement formation using the hoop for fourth-year students in rhythmic gymnastics.
The researcher used the experimental approach to suit the research problem. The research community was fourth-year students for the academic year 2013-2014, numbering (201) students, and the research sample amounted to (40) students divided into two experimental groups at a rate of (20) students for each group distributed according to the dominant side of the brain. In addition to the means of collecting information, devices and tools used, pre- and post-tests, implementation of the method and statistical methods, the researcher used the statistical package SPSS to process the data.
The researcher reached the following conclusions:

1- The followed method has a positive effect on the performance of the motor formation.

2- The effectiveness of the dominant left side of the brain in the performance of the motor formation.

Keywords: Methods, rhythmic, collar

Most coaches aim in their training to develop only the working muscle without taking into account the importance of the opposing muscle. By studying most of the physiological theories that indicate that the work of the opposing muscle should be given training at a rate of (70-75%) of the work of the working muscle to avoid physical problems that may affect the working muscle as a result of the lack of muscular support from the opposing muscle to the player during training or the match. Hence came the idea of ​​the research, which is to use hill and slope exercises for their ability to develop the strength balance of the working and opposing muscles in football players, whereby a new training method can be developed that can benefit coaches in the training process. The study aimed to prepare exercises specific to hills and slopes as well as to identify the effect of these exercises on the strength balance of the working and opposing muscles. The study was conducted on a sample of (10) players from the youth team of Diyala Sports Club by using the experimental method with a single group design with two pre- and post-tests in which the electromyography device was used remotely to identify the electrical activity of the leg muscles, in addition to using the SPSS statistical package to obtain and interpret the results. The study concluded with some results, including that the exercises used contributed to a positive impact on creating a balance in strength between the working and opposing muscles of the right and left legs through the clear improvement in the opposing muscles, in addition to improving the objective harmony process of work through a decrease in the coefficient of variation, which is a positive indicator for maintaining the joint in the best working conditions. The researchers recommended some recommendations, including emphasizing training using the method of heights and slopes because of its positive impact on improving and developing the work of the opposing muscles and creating a state of muscle balance. Keywords: Football, training, electrical signals

The scouting movement is a purposeful educational movement that cares for generations and guides them to the right path, protects them from deviation, and prepares them for a better future and a bright tomorrow, and since the morals and behavior of the individual are of utmost importance. We can consider scouting education a movement that complements school preparation and is suitable for filling some of the gaps that cannot be avoided in the regular curriculum. In a word, it is an education that prepares people for active public life by relying on nature. This is what prompted the researcher to conduct a study that dealt with the cultural and cognitive reality of teachers and teachers with specializations other than physical education regarding the principles and objectives of scouting education in middle, preparatory and secondary schools for boys and girls. The aim of the research: - To identify the educational cognitive extent of the scouting movement among teachers with specializations other than sports. The researcher concluded: There is a great reluctance by teachers and teachers of scientific and human specializations to pay attention to scouting education and its practices, despite their possession of the cognitive culture of the importance of scouting education and its impact on developing the scientific aspect of male and female students; The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method in a manner that suits the nature of the study. The research sample amounted to (350) male and female teachers from secondary, preparatory and intermediate schools affiliated with the Directorate of Education / Karkh 3 in Baghdad Governorate. The results were processed using appropriate statistical means to know the cognitive extent of scouting education among male and female teachers with specializations other than physical education through the questionnaire form prepared by the researcher and consisting of one axis, which is the cognitive axis of scouting education. The researcher recommended nominating an introductory guide to the scouting movement, as well as intensifying introductory courses on the importance of scouting education and the necessity of joining the scouting movement. Keywords: Schools, Scouts, Media

The research aims to:

1. Prepare complex training for some types of speed in developing the stages and achievement of the 200m freestyle for juniors.

2. Identify the effect of these trainings in developing the stages of the 200m freestyle.

3. Identify the effect of these trainings in developing the achievement of the 200m freestyle.

The researchers used the experimental research method. The researchers used the appropriate statistical methods to extract the results.

The study included the following conclusion: -

1. The study achieved the hypotheses and objectives of the research.

2. The use of complex training led to the development of the technical stages of the runners and their achievement, which worked to show significant differences in their development in the post-tests.

The study included the following recommendations: -

1. Emphasizing the technical stages of the 200m run effectiveness.

2. The necessity of emphasizing the use of complex trainings that help improve the level of runners in the 200m run effectiveness.
3. Developing many educational and training methods that work to develop maximum speed due to its important role in developing the achievement of the 200-meter race. 4. Working on developing programs that have a clear impact on the development of some types of speed in the 200-meter freestyle race.