Midad Al-Adab Refereed Journal

Arabic grammar heritage have been always our a pride over the ages, it’s a valuable treasure indicates that our senior scholars built a complete linguistic theory; verbs that is participating with noun and auxiliary verbs in building Arabic sentences have powerful power in using language, it’s the backbone for communicating thoughts, there are variety of verbal sentences in Arabic grammar some are pure verbal sentences, others are noun sentences that is preceded by (Kan wa Akhawatiha: modal verbs) which classifies verbal sentences based on respective classification theory or based on the classification that considers verb availability & verb surpass in a sentence essential.
This study looks into a set of verbs in Arabic language that took several names and reflects Arabic Grammar scholars point of view in processing it, these names are “modal verbs”, “Phrase verbs”, “abrogation” and “Kan wa Akhawatiha: modal verbs”, the variety in denomination comes as a result for understanding the structure of “modal verbs” or for understanding verb indication that is referring to the source and time similar to other verbs, where most of scholars agreed that “modal verbs” were given this denomination because it indicate the “incident” and its time together while these verbs does not specify time affiliated action, while the remaining scholars attributed this name “Modal verbs” because it does not meet its nominative (nouns) but lacks accusative too, hence naming these verbs due to the its deficiency compared to other verbs.

This is a study drawn from a doctoral thesis entitled (The communicative theory between modern linguistics and the efforts of Arab scholars), in which I presented the efforts of Arab scholars in what is known today as communication and communication, dealing with the communication functions of the early Arabs, I dealt with two aspects: the first is the Arabs ’knowledge of the six jobs mentioned by Jakobson, and how they dealt with them in their books, but the terminology and concepts differ from today's names. On the other side, the jobs added by the Arabs, based on the specificity of their language, and their intellectual, ideological and cultural orientations, and it stood on seven functions added by the Arabs: the function of clarification, the function of intentionality, the function of perfect speech, the interpretive or interpretive function, the teaching function, the lexical function, and the blinding function ( Grammar puzzles). Down to saying that there was a communicative theory behind the Arab linguistic thinking at the time.

The general purpose of the scholar of the study of the origins of jurisprudence is how to get him to draw practical islamic judgments from her detailed evidence, so we conclude that the extraction of islamic provisions from their evidence depends on knowing how to deduce the words of the Islamic texts from the Book and sunnah and also to know what those words indicate and their implications for the judgments
It is well known to the student of science that the inference in the words of the Islamic texts on the provisions contained may be in the pronunciation of the word, and may be indicative of it in its sense, and the indication here is either the concept of consent or the concept of the violation, and the significance of the violation is several types of the most important: the significance of the adjective and the indication of the condition and the indication of the end and the indication of the number and the significance of the limitation and the title
Here I am, with the spirit of Allah and his power, i address in this humble research the significance of the attribute of the fundamentalists and apply to them from the talks of financial transactions from the teeth of Abu Dawood
In doing so, he tried to raise the fundamentalist queen through applications on the fundamentalist base, which would stabilize her in the mind and even make her more visible, and in my research I was exposed to the difference in the definition of character between linguists and original scientists.
I then showed this in the doctrinal branches through the applications I have made to hadiths, with the aim of putting forward the ease of the phrase, the clarity of the idea, the simplicity of the method, and the distance from padding and lengthening.

The research is based on an analysis of the mechanisms of exposed and concealed linguistic camouflage according to the psychological motives of the speaker and what he hints at in twisted linguistic methods in order to reach his goals that he shows other than what they are based on the social characteristic of the language and its communicative function, and drawing from the state of his interlocutors additional meanings of the origin of the idea.
The research presents the reasons for camouflaging in common aspects of human communication from the scientific linguistic point of view, and is represented by facts from the heritage and modern ones from daily communication, and it describes the false verbal practice of those who take legitimate ways of circumvention, such as creative or illegal work such as lying and fallacy.
The research aims to clarify the effects of linguistic camouflage and its positive and negative consequences concealed in the faces with the usual deceptive masks among people without assigning a class or specifying a field.

The current paper attempts to highlight points of similarity between the Arabic rhetorical approach and modern stylistic approach under the umbrella of (Theory of Stylistic levels). Besides, the hypothesis of the current study is about reflecting on the classic rhetorical approach that preceded the modern stylistic studies in systematic rooting of many concept that they presented to give a credit to the efforts made by our dear scholars.

It is worth mentioning that the researcher employed the analytic descriptive approach to draw an analogy between systematic approach of Abdulqahar Al-Jirjani and the structural approach where is defined as a model to verify the validity of the hypothesis of the study.

Poetry is described by Arabs as the record that embraces their history and present. It is the pride that is delivered in the events. It is worth noting that Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) said Arabs never leave poetry behind. Moreover, the most humorous and enjoyable literary and critical study is the one that aims to search for the artistic links in the literary arts that shares some features of every single art and the most similar arts in glances and features are poetry and prose. Furthermore, the study aims at highlighting the overlap between story and poetry because the story style is vivid in the collection of poems of both poets.

This research tries to study a set of Iraqi novels written between (2005) to 2017.Terrorism was the main theme, and motivated to write, according to a narrative method stylistic, not to lose sight of the objective dimension of novels, represented by terrorism and its forms and forms.

The research aims to study a disease of moral diseases, say the one who survived it, as it is the plague of the sane person and the perseverance of many people in their conversations and councils, which are based on the lack of knowledge of God Almighty, in which one does not conceal himself from falsehood, and does not stop himself from excessive talk, and given the importance of the subject And say those who wrote about it within the frameworks of doubt and controversy. I considered writing in it. My methodology in the study was an objective, methodical approach with its known steps of collecting the nineteen verses of Qur’anic verses between proof and prohibition, and devising their meanings from the books of interpretation: The research was divided into an introduction and three demands and a conclusion of the most important research results:
As for the introduction: it dealt with an optional reason and its importance.
As for the first requirement, it included the general definition of the concept of mirrors.
As for the second requirement: It was to show the verses of women in the context of flagrante delicto and fall into it.
As for the third requirement: it dealt with the verses of mirrors in the context of forbidding and avoiding it.
As for the conclusion: It was to show the most important results that it reached, and it came out with an important result, which is: Most of the verses of the mirrors mentioned in the Holy Qur’an in proving and forbidding carried the meaning of doubt and controversy together, and not, as some people think, that the opinion of women is related to controversy only.

This research deals with one of the personalities of the royal era in Iraq (1921-1958), who is the deputy of Baghdad Abdul Razzaq Al-Sheikhly and his opposing and bold stances under the dome of the House of Representatives. Ministry of Justice and Foreign Affairs. Because of his competence, he was appointed consul in Istanbul in 1939. It appears that government work fell short of Sheikhli, who decided to leave him permanently in 1940 .
He went to parliamentary work at the beginning of 1947, as he became a deputy for the Baghdad Brigade in the Iraqi parliament in its eleventh election session, and he also renewed his election for the Baghdad Brigade also in the twelfth electoral cycle in 1948 until he resigned in March 1950 in protest against government performance and lack of seriousness Parliamentary work. He was re-elected as a representative of Baghdad in the thirteenth electoral cycle under the government of Nur al-Din Mahmoud, in accordance with the direct election law. The last prosecution of Abdul-Razzaq Al-Sheikhly was in the fourteenth electoral cycle as a representative of Baghdad, after which he refrained from participating in the elections because he was convinced of the lack of democracy in Iraq.

The Arab conferences held in a number of Arab countries played a major role in supporting the cause Palestinian And affirmation that Palestine is an independent Arab state and that it is an integral part of the Arab world, and reject and resist the division of Palestine And the establishment of a Jewish state in it and insist on the request to cancel the mandate, and the Balfour Declaration, And replacing them with a treaty with Britain, guaranteeing the independence and sovereignty of the Palestinian Arab people, And that his government be constitutional for minorities with the majority of rights in accordance with general constitutional principles ,The Defense of Palestine Association participated in a number of Arab conferences that supported, supported and supported the Palestinian cause in its various aspects, One of those conferences attended by the Defense Association was the Bludan Conference in Syria, which was held in 1937, And the Zabadani Conference in Syria 1937, as well as the first Eastern Women's Conference in Cairo 1938.
As for the optional reason for the topic, it is to shed light on the role of Iraq in supporting and supporting the Palestine issue in all its stages through the participation of the Defense of Palestine Association in these conferences to serve the Palestinian cause and affirming the independence and freedom of its people and land from Zionist colonialism.

In the aftermath of World War II, the United States of America sought to extend its control and influence in many countries of the world. As it has become one of the major poles of importance globally, representing the capitalist world, Especially after the competition with the Soviet Union, which is considered the second major pole in the world, And who represented the Communist world, and the emergence of what is known as the cold war between the two camps, The United States of America has taken upon itself the task of filling the void instead of European countries, Taking the Asian countries a vital field for them to extend their activities as well as their political, military and economic influence, And not to allow the Soviets to penetrate into it, so the former was very keen to extend cooperation and relations with it.
From the previous show, it is clear that the United States of America was determined to achieve victory over North Vietnam, As it considered this victory as a demonstration of its international presence, However, she wanted to achieve this victory by relying on others and reducing its human and material losses as much as possible, Therefore, the United States of America sought refuge in Australia, where it found a reliable ally, especially since Australia has clear concerns about the communist tide, Indeed, Australia has provided many assistance to the United States of America, One of the reasons was the continuation of the United States of America and the survival of the US military operations, which were the assistance that many countries provided to the United States, including Australia.
Key Words: U.S.A., Australia , Vitnam

The Philippines occupied an important strategic position for Japan, and its domination became necessary for the continuation of the Japanese expansion movement in Southeast Asia. Revealed one of the main reasons for the United States seeking to compete with Japan in order to obtain raw materials sources and large markets with high population and consumer density, which is what has turned the region of Southeast Asia in general; the Philippines in particular P to a zone of power struggle between Japan and the United States of America before the outbreak of World War II.
the Philippines that started on the seventh of December 1941, and ended on the fifth of May 1942, as it was divided into three axes. The first axis provided a geographical and historical overview of the Philippines on the eve of World War II, and the second axis addressed the Japanese invasion The Philippines December 1941-May 1942, while the third axis concerned the popular position on the Japanese invasion of the Philippines.

The Importance of the current paper is derived from several aspects of historical research area including the significant position of Morocco district due to its large area, the abundance of events and the greatness of its production in the light of Islamic presence on different parts of its territories. And its opening was sorted out in the late of first hijri century not to mention the fact that the Morocco was linked with the State of Egypt.
The first part is concerned with the era of Abu Al-Muhjir Dinar, it turned out, during his era, that the State of Morocco linked to the State of Egypt. As for the second part, it focuses on Abu Al-Muhajir's efforts with regard to building a new military base, where it was wanted to be an alternative of Qayrawan while the third point was about shedding lights of Abu Sl-Muhajir's military efforts which contributed to strengthening the domination of Muslims in the State of Morocco.

This research explains the main sources of surface water in Diyala Governorate, which are represented by a single source, the Diyala River, which feeds all human uses of water, including domestic, industrial and agricultural use. The agricultural sector is the largest consumer of water, as its consumption is estimated at 80% of the amount of fresh water. Feed this river. The course of the river and the areas it passes through are also the quantities of water received and the study of the area of the basin.
The geographical factors affecting the Diyala River were also studied from the geological structure, the shapes of the earth's surface, soil, climate, and the extent of the influence of each factor on the quantities of water in the river. Finally, the agricultural lands irrigated by the Diyala River, which are few due to the fluctuation of the quantities of water received from one year to another, were studied and how to address this problem, as well as the methods and methods that help to increase the amount of water and not waste it and that lead to an increase in the areas of the agricultural lands used in Diyala Governorate.

The Iraqi society has lived in a severe demographic housing crisis for decades because of the accumulated population increases, with weak governmental measures to address this crisis, as well as the social aspect of the society's lack of understanding of the dimensions and effects of this problem and the consequent major problems in society. A very important dimension is the need to spread intellectual, cultural and health awareness by promoting understanding of the issue of birth control, which is the basis of the problem of overcrowding. As well as early marriage and negative marriage, which occurs without the study and awareness of parents and the community, all these things preceded us by many societies, which we can not say it is civilized, but had a leading role in birth control and healthy population procedures and their clear reflection on the shape of the city.
Therefore, the subject aims to study the problem of overpopulation and its social and security effects in terms of its social, economic and psychological factors and its impact on the security side.
1- The increase in the number of households in one dwelling has increased the overcrowding within the dwelling as the number of households living in the dwelling (2-7) In addition, the small size of housing in the study community in a way that did not fit with the large size of the family led to the phenomenon of overcrowding Home.
2- In our field study, we found that overcrowding has led to the expansion of slum areas in the study community, particularly on the periphery, because some families can not buy or rent a housing unit.
3- It was clear from the field study that the crisis of population and housing produced unstable conditions at the level of the family and society as a whole, which reflected negatively on the nature of the stability of social and national security.

In view of the technological development taking place in all fields, modern education technologies have become part of the educational system, and with the rapid change that occurs in all aspects of life, educational institutions are required to employ modern technical capabilities to achieve their goals according to the educational system, and the importance of multimedia is due to being facilitating the process Educational pedagogy, the presentation of the course material and through which the educational materials can be produced, and it also motivates students to interact more with the course material, the current research aims to see the impact of the design of a multimedia educational unit The Arabic calligraphy is limited, as the first chapter contains the problem of research and its importance, and its goal also includes the limits of research and the definition of terms, and the research dealt with in the second chapter the theoretical background of multimedia, as the research in the third chapter dealt with the research methodology and procedures, as well as the research community and its sample and the multiple educational unit program The media used in the teaching of Arabic calligraphy (the patch line), and then the application of the program. The fourth chapter included the presentation and interpretation of results, the most important of which are: - The use of a multimedia educational unit contributed to developing students ’skills and knowledge in learning Arabic calligraphy and includes the conclusions that The most important: - There is a noticeable improvement in the performance skill of students in writing and practicing Arabic calligraphy. The chapter also included the recommendations reached by the researcher, the most important of which are: - Adoption of a multimedia educational unit to teach Arabic calligraphy in the relevant colleges and institutes, and the researcher suggested from among his proposals to make Other studies using multimedia are a way of teaching and teaching other arts.

The Present research aimed at identifying:
1- The orientation toward modernity the students of the university.
2- protest the students of the university
3- the relation between The orientation toward modernity & achievement struggle Among
university students
students has determined sample of Preparatory scened stage students (scientific and literary) for both males and females in AL-Mustansiria (morning studies) for 2018-2019. Theoretical frame
This research viewed several adoptes in The research procedures
results Building
1- The researcher built a measure of orientation toward life, and the measure of achievement was adopted for the researcher (Mohamed 2014), and their honesty, consistency, and method of answering their paragraphs were confirmed.
-2-The two mentioned measures were applied at the same time on sample educational counselors (200) students male and female students during
10-22/11/2018 .the researcher used the following . Data had been analyzed with help of statistic programs for social sciences in data process(SPSS)
As a result, it had been reached to results listed below
01-The results of the research showed that university students have a desire to move towards life compared to the hypothetical mean of the scale.
2-The results of the research showed that university students enjoy the motivation of achievement.
3-The results showed a positive correlation between the trend towards modernity and the achievement struggle of university students..
The researcher submitted some recommendations and suggestions.

the research objectives are conducted to the following :
1. The Linguistic Perception among First grade students average.
2. learning difficulties spelling First grade students average.
3. The relationship between the Linguistic Perception and learning difficulties spelling of learning difficulties spelling First grade students average..
Limited research on government to the city of Baghdad for the school year pupils of fourth grade primary. (2018-2019). Theoretical frame
Theoretical posterior
This research viewed several bolt that relate to the research subject.
research procedure Adopting the Linguistic Perception scale 1-
(Al-samiraiy 2006) and learning difficulties spelling scale (Al-Figawiy 2009) after assures its truthes and stability on its articles
-2-The two mentioned measures were applied at the same time on sample First grade students average primary (200) students male and female students during 5- 15/ 3/ 2019 .the researcher used the following . Data had been analyzed with help of statistic programs for social sciences in data process(SPSS)
As a result, it had been reached to r esults listed below
1- results showed that the First grade students average enjoy from the Linguistic Perception
2- results showed that the First grade students average suffer from learning difficulties spelling
3- Results indicated that there had been not connection relationship for First grade students average between the Linguistic Perception and learning difficulties spelling
The researcher submitted some recommendations and suggestions

In this research we will deal with the religious pluralism from a philosophical point of view, not from a religious standpoint, By focusing on the propositions presented by advocates of religious pluralism in a neutral and objective manner and away from the intransigence of subjectivity that may be influenced by ideological affiliation, and identify the reasons for its emergence, the foundations on which it is based, and the purpose of proposing it, We will also try in this research, to address the most two important personalities who dealt with the issue of religious pluralism, by looking at their visions that they presented in their books related to religious pluralism

It is often said that the world is dictated by strict rules of law rather than equity. In 1973, a movement known as the American law and literature movement appeared. It aimed to change the traditional stereotype of law as a science through connecting it with legal realism, equity, and humanities, including art and literature. Since poetry contributes to enhancing the ethical and moral senses of readers, many American lawyers, who refuse to strip the legal rules of the human feeling, turn to poetry as a way to portray real life. They used poetry as a weapon to articulate injustice, segregations, abuses, and racial discriminations.
This study deals with selected poems of two female American lawyer-poets, Pauli Murray and Michelle Lerner. The study aims at showing how female lawyer-poets have gone, as far as their soul can bear, fighting within the legal system, and how they refuse to be limited to the scrapbooks published on laws, regulations, and court cases. Their goal was to show and address the most challenging legal issues as they kept up with of the legal system and its effects on people. Thus, they spend both their legal and poetic careers trying their best to advocate the poor, the helpless, and the voiceless and help them understand their rights.

The philosophy of the flesh is what liberates the interrelationships between human beings. At the same time, it reveals the value of the interconnectedness between humans on one side and on the other hand, between them and some other beings. You receive it in his mind, perceptions and memories. His awareness was shaped into cultural and social aspects, and agreed upon socially over time. These acts from time to time and from place to place, and to present specific content, whether in the theater, cinema or television.

The phenomenon of war is one of the most important phenomena that greatly affected the societal, political and economic structure and brought out new concepts at the level of the human mind where new cultures were formed after the war and the repercussions of features that fit the post-war world. Where art and culture emerged with new features that those arts acquired as a result of the influence of the act of war And its aftermath, as the impact of war on social life and other values of societies has been reflected and new features have started framing human relations due to the dramatic, emotional and emotional act that the war has left on life, and introductions of literature, art, cinema and poetry have begun to emerge, and their topics are related to war and its effects on social life. The cinema

War is a social phenomenon that occurs in all ages from antiquity to our time , and has affected huge and tremendous effects on countries , cities and generations , such as the First and Second World War, which had a direct impact on changing the direction of the global arts and its schools , as well as the philosophy of societies and the mobility of social class coexistence , It is evident that the war that the city of Mosul recently experienced has a role in the technical achievement , which affected the details of the shift in artistic performance by the works of Mosulian artists in particular , and the Iraqis in general who lived this event , read it closely and turned it into artistic works .
This indicates the existence of methods and trends mapped out by the general climate that framed the architecture of art , which fall under the term ( expression of war ) , which were the achievements of artists and the impact of the remnants of war on them and what happened under exceptional circumstances that shed light on a contemporary intellectual fabric and scenes documented by history