Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education

The research aims to
1- Prepare exercises according to productive technical creativity.
2- Identify productive technical creativity exercises in developing some basic skills in football.
The researchers hypothesized:
1- Does productive and technical creativity affect some skills in football?
2- Does productive and technical creativity affect some offensive tactical behaviors?
3- Are there differences in the post-tests between the experimental and control research sample and in whose favor?
The researchers concluded that the diversity of exercises and their development according to productive creativity helps greatly in developing basic skills and tactical behavior in football for juniors, and that diversity in exercise gives excitement and excitement to players
The researchers recommended in the fifth chapter using modernity, diversity and development in exercises when training age groups.

The research aims to prepare visual vision training for youth football players and design a computer-based test for tactical behavior in football for youth. The researchers assumed that there are statistically significant differences in tactical behavior in football between the pre- and post-measurement in the experimental group and in favor of the post-measurement. The researchers relied on the experimental method with a two-group design, with an experimental group and a control group, and with a pre- and post-measurement to measure the dependent variables. The researchers deliberately chose the research sample from young football players from Al-Minaa Club. The sample was divided into a control group and an experimental group, with (13) players for each group. They concluded that the visual vision training that was built according to scientific foundations is appropriate for the youth football sample. The computer-based test for testing tactical behavior has yielded results in measuring the level of tactical behavior. As for the recommendations, they are to use visual vision training in training sports clubs because of its effective role in tactical behavior

The researchers aim to:
1-Prepare an educational curriculum according to the differentiated instruction method to teach some grips and some cognitive aspects in wrestling
2- Identify the effect of the curriculum prepared by the researcher in learning grips and some cognitive aspects in wrestling
3- Identify which is better, the differentiated method or the method followed by the instructor (the command method).
The researchers assumed:
1- There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests of the two groups in the research variables and in favor of the post-tests.
2- There are statistically significant differences in the results of the post-tests in the research variables and in favor of the experimental group. The researchers used the experimental method on a sample that was deliberately selected, including 19 students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
In the fourth chapter, the results were presented, analyzed and discussed.
The researchers concluded that the group that used the differentiated education method was the best.
The researchers recommended using modern teaching methods and not being restricted to one method by the teacher.

This study aimed to:

1- Design a computerized program system to measure postural deviations (lateral curvature and head torsion) for middle school students aged (16-17) years in the center of Basra Governorate.

2- Identify the prevalence rate of postural deviations (lateral curvature and head torsion) for middle school students aged (16-17) years in the center of Basra Governorate.
The researchers followed the descriptive approach with the survey method in conducting this study, and the study was conducted on a sample of (400) students distributed according to the educational sectors in the center of Basra Governorate.
The most important conclusions reached by the study were:
1- The computerized program that was designed in this study has the potential to accurately assess postural deviations (lateral curvature of the head and torsion) among the students of the research sample.
2- There appeared a variance and difference between the sample members in the levels of lateral curvature deviation of the head.
As for the most important recommendations, they were:
1- The necessity of adopting the computerized program designed to measure postural deviations (lateral curvature and torsion of the head)
2- Paying attention to early detection of postural deviations among students of this educational stage.

The research aims to identify the effect of Buxton's method in learning some basic skills (open jump, curled jump (closed), front jump on hands) on the vaulting platform device, as well as to identify the effect of Buxton's method in learning some basic skills (open jump, curled jump (closed), front jump on hands) on the vaulting platform device and in favor of the post-test
The most important conclusions were: The educational curriculum using Buxton's method has proven its effectiveness in learning the three skills) open jump, curled jump, front jump) on the vaulting platform device. The researchers recommended: The adoption of Buxton's method by specialists in the field of motor learning for all skills and for individual and group games alike.

The research aims to develop training curricula for the age groups of Iraqi teams and to develop the technical aspect of the players so that they are consistent with the tactical situation of the team and develop the game in the areas specified in the attacking third. The researcher used the descriptive method using the survey method, which is summarized by analyzing the playing movements performed by the player with and without the ball, as well as the cases of offensive play.
The statistical methods used to process the research data, the most important of which is (L.S.D) to find out the difference between the teams in using the research variables
Among the most important results:
The teams that used more positive possession achieved good results

The research aims to
1- Identify the reality of administrative leadership competencies in the scientific departments of the Ministry of Youth and Sports in .
2- Identify the personal and technical competencies of administrative leadership in the Ministry of Youth and Sports.
3- Identify the cognitive and cultural competencies of administrative leadership in the Ministry of Youth and Sports.
The most important conclusions were: The level of reality of administrative leadership competencies in the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports is below the level of ambition.
The most important recommendations were: Adopting this research in evaluating the competencies of administrative leadership in the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports

The aim of this study is to design and manufacture an educational aid that contributes to learning the skills of the forehand and backhand ground strokes and the skill of serving and the forehand and backhand volley in tennis by hitting the ball repeatedly on an inclined leather surface at the same height as the net and designed in a way that makes the ball jump when rolling and bounce at a height that is proportional to the level of the practitioner to facilitate the process of performance compatibility of the three skills. The experimental group consisted of (10) raw students as well as the control group. The results of the research showed that the experimental group benefited from the proposed device in learning the skills of the forehand and backhand stroke and the volley stroke. As for the skill of serving, the results of its test on the device showed an insignificant significance in the experimental group, which reflects a weak learning level in the sample. It was recommended that this aid be useful in learning and developing ground strokes and forehand and backhand volleys for beginners as well as those with an advanced level due to the good results it achieved that serve tennis lovers in the college Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Kirkuk.

The research aims to apply teamwork teams and the extent of motivation for performance. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method. The research sample was chosen intentionally, which consisted of (91) administrators working in the scouting departments in the directorates of sports and scouting activities in the central and southern regions. The most important conclusions are providing support and trust in each other and exchanging information freely, which makes them realize the importance of exchanging the information required between them to work in a more effective way.

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of the micro-teaching method in learning some basic handball skills for female students, where the researcher conducted the pre-tests for the control and experimental research groups on Monday 10/24/2016 in the indoor sports hall with the help of the master's student (Doha Muhammad)
The conclusions were:

1. The micro-teaching method had a positive effect on learning some basic handball skills for the research sample.

2. The use of the micro-teaching method contributed significantly to reducing the effort expended in the process of correcting errors and providing feedback on the type of error.

As for the recommendations

1. The program should be used during practical lessons because of its impact on teaching and developing the skill performance of female students, especially in the early stages of learning.
2. The necessity of providing micro-teaching supplies, such as tools (display screen or cameras for filming and display) to be used during lessons, whether the method of micro-teaching is traditional or traditional.

The aim of the research was to prepare an educational curriculum according to brain dominance and to identify its effect in developing some aspects of learning in football, as well as to identify which of the two patterns (right and left) is more appropriate in developing some aspects of learning in football. The experimental method was used on 14 Al-Minaa youth football players aged (17-19 years). They were distributed into two groups based on a special form to indicate the types of patterns. After conducting the pre-tests, the proposed curriculum was implemented according to brain dominance, Appendix (2) for the two groups by the coach and his assistant, under the supervision of the researchers and with the help of the work team, which is concerned with improving some aspects of learning in football for a period of (10 weeks) from 2/5/2017 to 4/13/2017, at a rate of 3 educational units per week and a time of (60-70) minutes. Only after processing the results of the pre- and post-tests using appropriate statistical methods, the researchers concluded the following:
1- The first experimental group that used the educational program according to the left hemisphere dominance showed a positive effect in developing the aspects of learning football under investigation.
2- The second experimental group according to the right hemisphere dominance showed a positive effect in developing the aspects of learning football under investigation.
3- The first experimental group that used the educational program according to the left hemisphere dominance outperformed the second experimental group that used the educational program according to the right hemisphere dominance in developing the aspects of learning football under investigation.

The progress that accompanied the results and sports levels in all its specialties, including football, came through continuous research and studies to solve all the problems that stand in the way of players' progress, which was achieved through the cooperation of all scientific specialties and their employment in the science of sports training, including physiology, biochemistry and biomechanics.... This game has received its fair share of research, analysis and development, whether at the level of the game, including the study of physical efforts and loads that players are exposed to during training units and competitions, through which the level of players' physical and functional capabilities and the extent of their change can be known, through which the training process can be directed or physical loads can be regulated. From here, the researcher tried to choose a set of indicators, some of which are hormonal and are part of the players' functional specifications, others are enzymatic, in addition to blood formations, to support the research results and consolidate them, and others are functional to make the most of the research results and make them a basic pillar For trainers in this field, and hence the importance of research and the need for it.

The research aims to reach the discriminant function for some distinctive skill variables among young swimmers. Through the research procedures and its application to the sample of 50 young players, the researchers reached the optimal statistical model and thus obtained the most important conclusions, which are through the use of discriminant analysis of physical and skill variables, variables can be extracted that distinguish distinguished players according to the equation mentioned in the text.
The discrimination equation was able to classify the students and the success rate of the equation in classification was (99%)
Then the optimal statistical model was reached, which was formulated in the form of a linear equation, from which the players can be classified and selected.

The research aims to
1-Build a scale for insurance on sports injuries among football players.

2-Identify insurance on sports injuries among football players.

Through the conclusion, it is important to research the ways and methods that help reduce their occurrence through matches or interesting training should be in the factors that reduce the occurrence of factions and research that the player needs to insure him from sports in juries that deprive some of them to continue playing with their clubs or teams for long periods due to injuries suffered by players, so the scope of insurance must be built in the Iraqi club to insure a player from injury in the Iraqi Premier League.

The study aimed to prepare an educational program using the free discovery method to learn the skill performance of swimming and build a scale of intellectual openness among first-stage female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. In addition to identifying the skill performance of swimming among first-stage female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. And identifying the effect of the educational program and intellectual openness on learning the skill performance of swimming among first-stage female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researcher used the experimental method using the equivalent groups method to suit the nature of the research. The research sample was determined intentionally, and they are first-stage female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Middle Euphrates Universities. The research community was determined, and they are first-stage female students in the Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Middle Euphrates Universities, numbering (225) students distributed over (6) colleges. The College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa included (23) female students, and (24) female students in the College of Education for Girls, Department of Sports, with (24) female students at the University of Karbala, (58) female students at the University of Babylon, and (54) female students at the University of Al-Qadisiyah, while at Al-Muthanna University the number of female students was (42) female students. The research sample amounted to (160) female students, representing (62.22%) of the original community. Homogeneity was conducted for one group and equivalence for the two groups. The researcher used the statistical package (SPSS), which included extracting the arithmetic mean, skewness, standard deviation, Chi-square (Chi2), and the correlation coefficient (Pearson + Spearman). And the t-test for symmetrical samples. And the t-test for independent samples.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using the cooperative learning method in teaching some basic football skills, as the researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research. The research included the procedures used in the fourth chapter in detail, and the researcher presented, analyzed and discussed the results. From this, the researcher concluded that there is a relative improvement in the performance of some basic football skills for the members of the group that was subjected to the educational method using the American (traditional) method.

The research aims to 1- Identify the effect of the anaerobic endurance training program on some physical and physiological variables and the level of achievement in the 3000-meter steeplechase race. 2- Identify the effect of the training program on the achievement of the 3000-meter steeplechase race for the control group. 3 - Identifying the effect of the training program on the achievement of the 3000 m steeplechase race for the experimental group. As for the research hypotheses: 1- There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements of the control group in some physical and physiological variables and the achievement level of the 3000 m steeplechase race in favor of the post-measurement. 2- There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements of the experimental group in some physical and physiological variables and the achievement level of the 3000 m steeplechase race in favor of the post-measurement. 3- There are statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in some physical and physiological variables and the achievement level of the 3000 m steeplechase race in favor of the experimental group. As for the most important conclusions: 1- The control group achieved a slight progress in the level of aerobic and anaerobic endurance as a result of regular training and as a result of applying exercises to develop general and specific physical qualities, which led to an improvement in the physiological capabilities under investigation and the level of bias for the 3000 m steeplechase race. The most important recommendations: 1- Pay more attention to developing anaerobic endurance within training units than developing aerobic endurance, as it has a positive impact on improving physiological capabilities and the level of achievement of 3000-meter steeplechase players.

The aim of the research is to evaluate the variable of throwing distance from fixed and moving in the effectiveness of javelin throwing for champion throwers
The researcher assumed: The existence of an effect of linking the approach and throwing phase on the values ​​of some kinematic variables on the throwing position for the effectiveness of javelin throwing
The research areas included:
- Human field: Iraqi champion throwers who achieve more than (56) m
- Time field: From 9/15/2016 to 5/1/2017
- Spatial field: Al-Najaf Sports Club, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences playgrounds, University of Basra
As for the research methodology and its field procedures, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and the sample chosen by the researcher in the intentional way are players The national athletics team in the javelin throw event for the advanced category,
The results of the kinematic variables that were determined by the researcher and the specialized experts were presented, analyzed and discussed, and the results were explained in the form of tables.
The researcher came out with several conclusions, the most important of which are:
- Some members of the research sample had the correct use of mechanical variables, especially the javelin launch angle and its use during the throwing position in motion and achieving good achievement, unlike some members of the research sample, the javelin launch angle was very large.
As for the most important recommendations
- The necessity of directing coaches to pay attention to the mechanical variables of performance, as they are the factor directing the produced force and thus influencing the achieved achievement

The research aims to develop physical exercises to develop the special physical abilities of chair fencers with foil using the manufactured training device with training tools. Identify the differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests of the control and experimental groups to develop some special physical abilities of chair fencers with foil.
2- Identify the differences between the results of the post-tests between the control and experimental groups to develop some physical abilities of chair fencers with foil.
The most important conclusions: The suggested exercises on the manufactured training device have developed some of the physical abilities under study.
The most important recommendations: Adopting the exercises applied on the manufactured training device for chair fencers with the sword to raise physical abilities.

The aim of the research was to build a questionnaire for (the effectiveness of management by wandering among supervisors of the specialization of physical education from the point of view of its teachers and to identify the effectiveness of management by wandering among supervisors of the specialization of physical education from the point of view of its teachers). The research areas were the human field represented by physical education teachers in Basra Governorate and the spatial field in the sports and school activity hall in Basra Governorate and the time field (10/10/2016- 15/2/2017). The theoretical studies were represented by management by wandering and the characteristics of the leader by wandering. The researcher used the descriptive method in this research with the survey method. The research community consists of physical education teachers in Basra Governorate. The research sample was chosen intentionally to represent the original community of the research, as their total number reached (507) teachers, which represented the research sample. The main experimental sample was (453) teachers, and the exploratory experimental sample was (54). The researcher used the following tools (observation and questionnaire) Statistical processing to analyze the data in this study was used according to the statistical package (SPSS), and includes presenting, analyzing and discussing the results. The first goal was achieved, which is building a questionnaire form (the effectiveness of management by wandering among supervisors of the physical education specialization from the point of view of its teachers) through the procedures that the researcher took in building a questionnaire as mentioned in the third chapter, where the researcher discussed in this chapter a review of the most important results that appeared through applying the research tool (questionnaire) to the research sample, and after the results were collected and then processed statistically using the statistical package (SPSS), the conclusions and recommendations included: - The conclusions were that management by wandering is useful for maintaining interaction with physical education teachers and their needs and helps them practice the tasks assigned to them in a direct manner. The recommendations were to move away from focusing on the apparent form of wandering (field visits), where supervisors lead their tours in a superficial manner just to confirm that they pass through the work sites without working with the true philosophy of the management by wandering direction, and thus the visits are of no benefit to physical education teachers.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of an educational approach for information processing strategies and the traditional method on the amount of information processing and learning some artistic gymnastics skills for men and to identify the differences between the members of the experimental group that used an educational approach for information processing strategies and the members of the control group that used the traditional method in the post-test in the amount of information processing and learning some artistic gymnastics skills for men. The research community is represented by the second-stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Basra for the academic year 2016-2017, numbering (100) students distributed over (6) sections, and a sample of (36) students was selected from that community using a simple random method. The sample was divided into two groups, an experimental and a control, each group (18) students. The educational curriculum for the information processing strategy began to be applied on 10/31/2016 at a rate of two educational units per week. It included seven sub-strategies linked to each other and derived from the Schmuck Information Processing Scale with its four axes. I finished applying the educational curriculum on 12/6/2016. After processing the results of the pre- and post-tests using appropriate statistical methods, the researcher concluded the following: 1- The use of both the information processing strategy and the traditional method showed a positive effect in learning the artistic gymnastics skills under study. 2- The traditional method did not show any significant development in increasing the ability to process information. 3- The information processing strategy is better than the traditional method in the amount of information processing and learning the artistic gymnastics skills under study.

Our contemporary world is witnessing a scientific and information revolution that has surpassed all previous revolutions over the centuries. This revolution requires a strong scientific foundation, meaning that it needs a creative and innovative person. This cannot be achieved without learning that keeps pace with the requirements of the era to qualify our students to face these rapid changes that we are going through. The importance of the research lies in benefiting from the known educational strategies and transforming them to serve the sports field and knowing their effect on learning some skills in volleyball, as well as linking that educational strategy with the rest of the sports sciences, especially the mechanical ones, to feed the student with scientific information based on correct foundations. The research problem was revealed through an attempt to find solutions to overcome some of the difficulties that the student faces during the volleyball lesson in accepting and learning the motor skills of some basic skills. The researchers aim to: 1- Prepare an educational curriculum to learn some technical skills in volleyball using the SOM strategy according to the kinematic compatibility of skill performance and identify the level of performance for second-stage students. 2- Identify some kinematic variables for the students of the research sample and know the effect of using the strategy in learning the skill of passing from above in volleyball. The researchers assumed 1- There are significant differences in the values ​​of some kinematic variables and the level of performance and the effect of using the SWOM strategy according to the kinematic alignment of some technical skills among the students of the research sample between the control and experimental groups and in favor of the experimental group. In the fourth chapter, the results were presented, analyzed and discussed. The researchers concluded: 1- The educational curriculum has a positive effect with a high development rate in learning the skill of passing from above in volleyball for the experimental group. 2- The traditional method has a positive effect in learning the skill of passing from above in volleyball, but with a low development rate in learning the skill for the control group. The researchers recommended: 1- The need to pay attention to using the SWOM strategy in learning the skill of passing from above in volleyball.

The importance lies in establishing correct scientific foundations when choosing successful and effective training methods and means that contribute seriously to developing achievement in short-distance running by developing the stages of short-distance running. Therefore, the researcher turned to developing training (strength, speed and endurance) with auxiliary means through water training to affect the length and frequency of the step and the energy expenditure system in order to reach the goal that the researcher seeks to reach to contribute to developing the level of achievement among these young people. The research aims to: 1- Identify the effect of the training method using water resistance in developing some physical abilities and achievement for 400-meter runners. 2- Identify the differences between the results of the pre- and post-test for the control and experimental groups in developing some physical abilities and achievement for 400-meter runners. The most important conclusions were: The training method using water resistance is important in developing some physical abilities and achievement for 400-meter runners. The researchers recommended: Adopting the training method using water resistance for its importance in developing some physical abilities and achievement for 400-meter runners.

This study aimed to identify the role of training programs in developing the teaching skills of physical education teachers in Riyadh, and to identify the most important aspects that limit the role of these programs, and the most prominent proposals that may contribute to enhancing the role of training programs. The researchers used the descriptive approach in its survey style, and designed a questionnaire consisting of three axes. The study sample included (53) teachers from various government school teachers in northern Riyadh. The results indicated that there is a major role for training programs in developing the teaching skills of teachers in Riyadh. It also indicated that one of the most prominent shortcomings that limit the role of these programs lies in the lack of appropriate workshops in training programs. The results also showed that providing trainees with training bags and supplies before the start of the training program, and the continuous updating and development of training programs are among the most important things that must be paid attention to. Keywords: (training programs, development, teaching skills).

The research problem lies in the low level of defensive skill performance of youth teams, which requires a better level compared to the level of offensive skills, as it was found that there are many players who are characterized by a high level of offensive skills without defensive ones. The research aimed to prepare a proposed training program for some motor abilities and defensive skills for volleyball players. As well as to identify the effect of the prepared program on some motor abilities and defensive skills for volleyball players. As for the research hypothesis, there were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in favor of the post-test in the performance of some defensive skills and motor abilities in volleyball for the research sample. The researcher used the experimental method with a single-group design with a pre- and post-test. The research sample consisted of 8 center players in youth volleyball. Their ages ranged between 17-19 years. The results reached were presented, analyzed and discussed. The researcher concluded that: - Playing situations had a positive effect on developing the abilities (and coordination and motor response). The development of motor abilities (agility, coordination and motor response) indicates that there is a positive effect of these abilities on the development of the skill of receiving the serve and defending the field. The researcher also recommended several recommendations: - Adopting multiple and diverse methods in training, education and development, including the competitive playing situations method, which has proven its effectiveness in the performance of the skills of receiving and defending. Using the competitive playing situations method as a training and development method for motor abilities (agility, coordination, motor response and sensory-motor perception), which has proven its effectiveness in the level of developing these qualities or abilities. Using the competitive playing situations method to develop the rest of the defensive skills and offensive skills and testing them to compare them with the results of other tests.