Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences

Background and objective: Magnesium sulfate has neuroprotective effects and decrease overall neuronal firing. It is also decrease firing of excitable tissues outside the brain. It is not known whether this neuroprotective effect is due to antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory or other mechanism. In this research we study the anti-inflammatory effect of magnesium sulfate in rat brain following ischemia reperfusion stress.

Material and methods: Twenty four rats were grouped into 4 groups: The first (sham group), the second (control) and the third group(control-vehicle) and the forth (treated with Magnesium sulfate). Animals in the second group underwent bilateral common carotid artery ligation without treatment, whereas the forth group were injected with magnesium sulfate 250mg/kg intraperitoneally before procedure. Blood samples were taken after the procedure for measurement of serum level of IL-9, MCP-1 and ICAM.

Results: Serum level of IL-9 in control group was 163.3 ± 30.4 pg/mL and it significantly decreased in magnesium sulfate treated group (21.8 ± 1.72 pg/mL). serum level of MCP-1 in the control group was 109.05 ± 18.2 pg/mL while it significantly reduced in magnesium sulfate treated group (38.16 ± 3.54 pg/mL). mean serum levels of ICAM of control was 362.8 ± 26.81 pg/mL while mean serum level of ICAM in treated group was 35.5 ± 4.71 pg/mL.

Conclusion: magnesium sulfate significantly decreases the inflammatory markers IL-9, MCP-1 and ICAM in global ischemia model in rats.

This study was carried out to know the range of contamination chicken feed with mycotoxins in the local market Najaf And Al-Qadisiya governorate by using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . 200 Poultry Feeds samples are collected for the year 2012 , All Feeds samples have been examinated for the aflatoxin , 50 samples for the ochratoxin while 130 samples have been examinatied for the T-2 toxin . The percentage of contamination with aflatoxin were 77.5% , for ochratoxin 32% and for T-2 toxin 86.2% . The percentage Bad feeds to the very bad in the local market for aflatoxin 9.5% , for ochratoxin 0 % , and for T-2 toxin 10% . The higher levels of contamination with aflatoxin are 152 μg/kg , for ochratoxin 25 μg/kg whereas the highest level of contamination for T-2 toxin is 1099 μg/kg.

Two hundred and fourty chick embryos were used in this study were divided into four equal groups and incubated. The first group was vaccinated with N.D. vaccine at age of 18 days of incubation. The fourth group was injected with sterile phosphate buffered saline and was considered as a control group up to end of experiment. The second and third groups were left without vaccination until hatching. After hatching fifty chicks of each group were taken as follow, the first group which were vaccinated by in ovo-vaccination methods, the second were vaccinated by spraying at one-day age with ND vaccine followed two times of vaccination at ten and twenty days of age, the third group was vaccinated by spraying method at one-day age then it was vaccinated at age of 7-days with oil inactivated N.D. vaccine. The control group was left without vaccination. The result showed that the vaccine which used in ovo-vaccination had not revealed any negative effect upon the percentage of hatchability rate or upon livability of vaccinated chicks during the first week after hatching. Test of haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and ELISA were held to define the weekly antibodies levels at 1,7,14,28 for the fourth groups challenge test also was carried onto measure the immunological level for the fourth groups at age of 35 days by using the local isolated velogenic N.D.V. of the affected chicks which given by ocular, nose and oral routs. The result of (HI) test showed that the 3rd group was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the level of (HI) titer before the challenge test compare with first group and fourth and showed significantly (P<0.05) higher of HI titer then the second these result were adapted with the results of ELISA test. The results of challenge test showed that the protection rate of the 3rd group significantly (P<0.01) exceeded upon the 4th group which gave 90% of the protection rate and the 1st and 2nd groups had highly (P<0.01) significant protection rate compared with 4th group which they get the same rate of protection 70% at the challenge test whereas the 4th group (control) gave 10%of the protection rate in the challenge test. The study showed that vaccination by oil inactivated vaccine proceeded by a life attenuated vaccine by coarse spraying at one day age was the best method and gave a higher immunological levels comparing with other groups.

The study was conducted to evaluate the development of resistance for fecal E. coli against third and fourth generations of cephalosporins . This bacteria was chosen because they represent the pool of resistance elements that are available for transfer to other bacterial species including pathogens.Three groups of 5 (mice) were used. 89.25µg/Kg) of ceftriaxon and(12.5µg/Kg) of cefquinome, were given a sub therapeutic dose orally for the first and second groups respectively. While the third group were given distilled water only as a control. Then isolation, purification and identification of fecal E-coli from GIT was done. Morphological and biochemical tests had been used to make sure that isolated bacteria was E.coli. It has been observed that the mean value minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the isolated bacteria from both of first and second groups was compared with the control group.MIC of both antibacterials in comparison with the control group which were 1.18 , 1.37µg/ml for ceftriaxone ,cefquinome respectively. While the MIC values for ceftriaxone and cefquinome were 16.00 and 4.6 µg/ml respectively .this means that the significancy (P<0.05) was 13.55 folds and 3.35 folds in the third and fourth generation generations respectively in comparison with the control of each antibacterial .We concluded that antibiotic resistance may not be only a consequence in pathogenic bacteria but also in normal flora which could contribute this resistance to other microorganism.

The study included a description for the histological structure of the lower lip and mouth commissure of (six head ) of local female black goat in Mosul city. The study show presence of difference in the number of the cellular rows forming the epithelium covering lower lip and mouth commissure .The skin epidermis here composed of the known five layers of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The study results show presence of difference in the total thickness of epithelium and thickness of stratum cornium in (mucous membrane , transmitted zone of lip and skin) between the lower lip and mouth commissure. The mucous membrane of mouth commissure found to be with high epidemis thickness(368.6µm) in comparison with that of the lower lip(257.3µm) , while the skin of the lower lip appeared with high thickness when compared with the skin of mouth commissure .The study show presence of three types of hair follicles ; the primary and secondary hair follicles present in the skin of mouth commissure ,while the primary and tactile hair follicles present in the skin of lower lip . The glands available here were of three types ;The sebaceous glands present in large size(176.6 x 92.0µm) in skin of lower lip when compared with that of mouth commissure skin(180.6 x 55.8µm). The sweat glands were of apical secretion type in the skin of both regions. The third type of glands distinguished by pure mucous secretory units with complete duct system open with the mouth in the mucous membrane lining the mouth commissure and sub mucosa of transmitted zone of the same region . The study results show also presence of epidermal papillae in the transmitted edge of lower lip and filiform papillae in the transmitted zone of mouth commissure.

This study was planned for detection of Newcastle Disease (ND) infection in human and chicken flocks in Euphrates by the using sero-diagnosis of heamagglutination (HA), heamagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) and competitive ELISA.The NDV was diagnosed in najaf chicken flock by isolation and propagation of virus in chicken egg embryos. The NDV Ab was detected in serum of local chicken flocks isolated by using competitive ELISA which was indicated the positive high Ab titer with inhibition percent titer more than 40%(PIt>40%) of the total samples. The fifty eight (58) collected human sera of most poultry associated people in Euphrates in Iraq was determined by NDV competitive ELISA and showed 3 cases from farmers were positive to NDV(PIt>40%).

A slaughterhouse study was conducted in Kerbala abattoirs during the period of January 2012 to December 2012 in order to determine the condemnation rate of liver and lungs of slaughtered ruminants due to common notifiable diseases. Diseases and lesions of livers and lungs were diagnosed based on pathological changes of organ color, size, morphology, consistency, presence of lesions and parasites. Out of 89571 heads of slaughtered sheep, goats, cattle and buffaloes which were examined during this study, a partial or complete condemnation of livers and lungs was carried out in 1114 ( 1.24%), 259 ( 0.29%), 392 ( 0.44%), 587 ( 0.66%) and 327 ( 0.37%) of the slaughtered animals due to hydatidosis, fascioliasis, lung worms, pneumonia and hepatitis respectively. The highest infection rate of the condemned livers in slaughtered ruminants was due to hydatid cysts 660 (0.74%), followed by hepatitis 327 (0.36%) and liver fluke 259 (0.29%), with a significant difference between condemned livers in the animal species ( P<0.05). The livers of 0.69% sheep, 0.84% goats, 0.87% cattle and 1.03% buffaloes harbored hydatid cysts. However, lungs of slaughtered ruminants were frequently rejected due to pneumonia (0.66%) , followed by hydatid cyst (0.51%) and lung worms ( 0.44%). The findings of the current study revealed that condemnation of sheep, goats, cattle and buffalo's livers and lungs in Kerbala abattoirs due to parasitic infestation and pathological lesions representing significant economic losses. Accordingly, efforts should be spent for minimizing the prevalence of these diseases through destruction of intermediate hosts, deworming program and good animal husbandry.

The current study was designed to describe the relationship of female physiological status during follicular and luteal phases with average diameters of ovarian follicles on right and left ovary , depending on the follicular number and measuring diameters ,were categorized in to small , medium and large follicles , which visually illustrate morphologically the follicular phase . (50)samples were collected from AL-Shula in Baghdad and Najaf in modern Najaf , twice aweek , samples were divided in to two groups heifer (33)and multiparous (17) . The current study recorded the average diameter of small , medium and large follicles (3.93±0.04)mm ,(6.91±0.08)mm and (11.18±0.16)mm respectively . The present study showed the significant (P<0.01) and non significant decrease in follicular diameter(small , medium and large) for January compared to other study months ,the results of the current study also showed the significant superiority (P<0.01) in the diameter of small , medium follicles during the luteal phase of multiparous(4.06±0.08)mm and (7.13±0.19)mm respectively . compared with luteal phase of heifers , and did not record a significant difference in the average diameter of small , medium and large follicles during follicular phase between heifer and multiparous animals , also did not record significant difference in the average diameter of large follicles during luteal phase between heifers and multiparous .We conclude form the current study , the low ovarian activity during January and did not record significant differences in the average of follicular diameter (small , medium and large) between heifers and multiparous during follicular phase .

Cattle and buffaloes tick's infestation prevalence were investigated in 4 districts of Wasit province, Iraq during 2012. Out of 164 animals, 63 cattle & 6 buffaloes were infested. Overall prevalence of cattle ticks infestation 91.3% was higher than that of buffaloes 8.7% with significant value P-Value ≤ 0.002. There was no significant difference P-Value ≥ 0.102 between total prevalence of ticks genera Rhipicephalus 48%, Hyalomma 38% and 14% Boophilus and infested cattle & buffaloes (with exception of Boophilus); beside there was no significant difference P-Value ≥ 0.143 between the infested animals in the different 4 districts ; although infestation was highest in Sewara and lowest in Zubydia districts. There was significant differences between the distribution of tick genera and the infested animals among research's months P-Value ≤ 0.002, 0.009 respectively; the infestation rates were highest in July and lowest in May. 12 species and subspecies of the 3 genera ticks were identified in favor of Hyalomma in this study.

The current study was carried out in University of Kufa/ College of Veterinary Medicine during the period extending between October 2012 and August 2013, The aime of present study to follow the histological changes of growing tumor in female albino mice which were injected with cells of murine mammary adenocarcinoma AM3. The study included use of (40) females albino mice at age (6-8) weeks ,( 25)g weight average . All mice were injected by cells of murine mammary adenocarcinoman (AM3) in subcutaneous of femoro – dorsal region , and ascending to cervical region. The tumor was successfully implanted into (28) mice .These mice divided into four groups , each contains seven tumor-bearing mice . The animals of the first group subjected to the investigations after (48) hrs from implantation , while those of (2nd,3rd), and (4th) groups after 10,20,30 days respectively . The gross examination of the animals of different groups showed that the tumor grew as irregular projection with loss of hair and erosion of overlying skin with milky discharge.The post-mortem examination revealed that the tumor mass was divided into small lobules with various coloures and the tumor mass surrounded by fibrous tissue which increase in thickness as the tumor increased in the age . Extensive areas of necrosis were noticed in the centers of the tumor masses . The microscopic examination of tumor masses in the first group revealed there were sub cataneous small aggregation of tumor cells at the implantation region as well as dispersion of the implantated tumor cells .The inflammatory cells ,especially neutrophils were infiltrated . In the second group ,the tumor masses showed lobulation by fibrous septa with proliferation of new blood vessels with congestion of them. Infiltaration of inflammatory cells , particularly the lymphocytes . The tumor cells arranged as ribbons and acini ,characterized by hyperchromacia pleomorphism , high N/C ratio as well as appearance of mitotic figures . The histological features of the third group revealed increase in the fibrous tissue with extensive necrotic areas and loss of architecture , these appeared in the fourth group in addition to the presence of cellular debris with dead inflammatory cells.

The object of this study to diagnosis the causes of respiratory infection in broiler chickens which prevalence in Babylon province during 2012, the diagnosis is depending on case history, clinical signs, postmortem lesion and confirmed by rapid diagnostic kit and enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), the results show the causes of respiratory infection are (infectious bronchitis (IB), Newcastle disease(ND), avian influenza(AI) and chronic respiratory disease(CRD) in percentage (29.7, 27.9, 25.2 and 17) respectively . In conclusion of this study that respiratory infections are the major threaten for poultry industry in Babylon and poor biosecurity are major predisposing factors for this diseases.

The liver is the main organ which responsible for the removing of toxins in the body, making it the first in the face of various chemicals from the digestive system, and according to this the study had designed to compare the hepatoprotective effect of the Quercetin and Trigonella foenum graecum extract on the liver tissues of male rats were poisoned with carbon tetrachloride, and to know their effects when using together. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Pharmacy - University of Kufa, and included the using of 35 rats from Sprague-Dawley divided into five groups: the control group, the positive control group, the group treated with Trigonella foenum graecum extract, the quercetin treated group and the group treated with Trigonella foenum graecum extract and quercetin together. The period of dosing was continued for 7 days and on the eighth day all groups(except the control group) were poisoned with carbon tetrachloride. After 24 hours the animals were killed. The study lasted from April 2013 - until July 2013. The Glutathione and Malondialdehyde levels were estimated in liver homogenized. The results were showed the following: no significant difference (P>0.05) in the Glutathione level and a significant increment (P<0.05) in the level of Malondialdehyde at the treated groups when compared with the control group. Also the results were obtained a significant decrease and increase (P<0.05) in the levels of Glutathione and the Malondialdehyde at the treated animals as compared with the positive control group. The present study was showed numerous histological changes were resulted from the injection with carbon tetrachloride. In related with the tissue sections which have been taken from the treated groups: with the extract, quercetin and the group treated with the together were revealed a protective action for the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum and quercetin drug on the liver tissues which had been poisoned and the best effect in the protection was showed at the group which treated with the extract and quercetin together. From this study we can conclude that the Trigonella foenum-graecum extract and quercetin may reveal a protective role for the liver against carbon tetrachloride poisoning by increasing the Glutathione level and fall - off the Malondialdehyde level in liver homogenized. Also we conclude the using of Trigonella foenum-graecum extract and quercetin together led to a high efficiency double protection for the liver tissues as a result of the positive impact which resulted from their using together.

The Purpose of present study was to prepare and evaluate new modified release formulations of paracetamol using supplement powder of propolis (bee glue) as matrices for release. Two types of formulations were prepared (physical blends of drug and propolis powder and solid matrix form by solvent evaporation method). Pre compression (compressibility index, hausner ratio and angle of repose) and post compression (hardness, friability and disintegration tests) evaluation studies were done. Tablets and capsules were prepared for paracetamol formulations. The drug: propolis powder interaction was evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopic method. The dissolution rate of the formulations was studied by USP dissolution. The data of release were subjected to different models in order to determined their release mechanisms and kinetics. The results show that, the drug release (87 %, 85.9% and 73% which is in the order of F1>F2>F3 at 5 hrs) was higher from the formulation prepared by direct compression of physical blends as compared to solid matrix formulations prepared by solvent evaporation method(42.5 %, 40.8 % and 33.6 % for FM1, FM2 and FM3 respectively). Drug release kinetics shows the drug release by nonfickian diffusion mechanism. Results indicate that incorporation of propolis powder in the formulations decreased drug release and the tablet formulation was better in comparison with capsules formulation. The developed propolis matrix tablets of parcetamol may be used for modified release of drug.

This study was conducted on 54 Iraqi buffaloes out of 136 buffaloes suffered from partial or complete uterine prolapse (44 buffaloes) after parturition directly, during 12 hrs postpartum or12-24 hrs postpartum and 10 Iraqi buffaloes out of 54 without uterine prolapse considered as comparative group, aged between 3-8 years old in Babylon province/ AL.Qassim city in period from 2011-2013.The affected animal were divided randomly into four groups according to the period of involution of uterus after parturition and the suitable treatment which for this period. Group1 (G1)consist of 18 buffaloes treated directly after parturition by low epidural anesthesia and replacement of the prolapse uterus followed by washing with warm distal water and lubrication with local antibiotic and systemic antibiotic (Oxytetracycline20% 4mg.)20ml/I.M. . Group2(G2) (16 buffaloes) they were treated by low epidural anesthesia and prolapsed uterus supported by a towel and sprinked with 40% glucose and suturing vulva after replacement of uterus along with oxytetracycline locally & systemically. Group3(G3) (10 buffaloes) Using low epidural anesthesia and removal of the retained fetal membranes and suturing the wounds after washing with normal saline& hypertonic solution(40%glucose) then using antibiotics locally and systemically (oxytetracycline20%)after that suturing the vulva. . Group4( G4) (10 cow buffaloes)Did not suffered from uterine prolapse thus considered as a comparative groups. The overall incidence of uterine prolapse was 32.3% (44/36). The present study was conducted to include four seasons and the incidence as follows, 25%; 25%; 31.8% and 18.2% for winter, summer, spring and autumn respectively, These percentage rates represented the percentage from infected case only, and the incidence of uterine prolapse in male births was 63.6% compared with 36.4% female births. The percentage of dystocial parturitions was 61.4% compared with 38.6% in normal parturitions, and the incidence in parity was 63.6% in multipara compared with 36.4% in primipara. The responses for different treatments were 100%, 87.5%; 88% and 100% in G1, G2,G3 and G4 respectively with superior significant differences (P< 0.01) for G1 and G4 compared with G2 and G3 , However the first estrus after treatment was best in G4, G1 and G2 compared with G3 although G4 was record high significant differences (P< 0.01) compare with other groups, While the number of services per conception was similar in G1,G2 and G3,G4 recorded superiority ( P< 0.01) compared with these groups. The pregnancy rate also was high in comparative group G4 Compared with G1,G2 and G3. also G1 and G2 was the best than the G3. Finally the days open recorded significant differences (P< 0.01) for G1, and then G4 and G2 compared with G3. It is concluded that the incidence of uterine prolapse in Iraqi buffaloes was higher with other reproductive diseases, the study suggested if the treatment was fast and accurate after parturition, it would give positive results reach to more than 75% of pregnancy rate.

The study amid to evaluate the status of calcium and changes in some biochemical parameters at parturition in thirty local breed cows which were divided randomly into three groups (I, II, and III). The first and second group showed increased calcium ions level and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) at calving and were significant (p< 0.05) ,while Hydroxyproline (HYP), PTH, CT, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (DHVD) in the third group were decreased during parturition. The results of cows fed rich diet had greater calcium concentrations at parturition than the lowest concentration of serum Ca in cows fed on poor diet during the prenatal period. However, there was no significant difference in serum 1,25-(DHVD) and hydroxyproline concentration of the cows among three groups. This study was to confirm that hypocalcaemia is very prevalent at calving period in Iraqi dairy farms and major risk factors may reduce the ability of the cows to maintain Ca homeostasis.

The results confirmed antibacterial activity with significant differences (P≤0.05) of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) in the concentration 10µg/ml(MIC) (1.10+ 0.31). Also superiority of the antibiotic (Doxycycline) that has MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) at 10 µg/ml by significant differences (p≤0.05) (2.00+0.08) aginst E . coli that appears sensitive to its, while it doesn’t clear any significant differences in both of the antibiotics (Gentamicin and Gentadoxycycline). In case antibacterial activity of antibiotic (Gentamicin) against E . coli by sensitive tests observe resistance of E . coli , started from 10 µg/ml (1.60+0.15) to 100 µg/ml (2.30+0.05) by significant differences (p≤0.05). Also the antibiotic (Gentadoxycycline) by combination of (Gentamicin and Doxycycline) in-vitro ,it doesn’t show any significant differences (p≤0.05) when applicated the sensitive tests of the antibiotic against E . coli at concentration 10 µg/ml (1.80+ 0.15) and 100 µg/ml (2.60+ 0.19), which demonstrates antagonist between them; by numbering of inhibition zone appeard that the results less than (Doxycycline) and more than (Gentamicin), As a whole, these results illustrate superiority of Doxycycline as a antibacterial activity against E . coli depended on sensitivity tests according to antibiotics(Gentamicin and Gentadoxycycline) and clove(Syzygium aromaticum) by significant differences (p≤0.05) .Objective Knowing of antibacterial activity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) against bacteria (Escherichia coli ) in in-vitro, and compare of it with three antibiotics (Gentamicin, doxycycline and Gentadoxycycline), by measurement of inhibition zone for both of them.Material and Methods Bacteria (E . coli ) was isolated from the patients in the city of al- Sadir medical on E.M.B (Eosin Methylene Blue) agar and incubated at 37 o C for 18-24 hours. This trial is performed in in-vitro (sensitivity test) by agar well diffusion technique, in diameter of well (8 mm) and by measurement of inhibition zone in nutrient agar after 24 hrs, and knowing of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for both of them. Conclusions Syzygium aromaticum has high antibacterial activity against the Bacterial growth of (Escherichia coli). Doxycycline has high antibacterial activity against the Bacterial growth of (Escherichia coli). Resistance of E.coli to the commonly used eradication antibiotic drug(Gentamicin). The combination between two antibiotics (Gentamicin and doxycycline ) doesn’t give antibacterial activity against the Bacterial growth of (Escherichia coli).

This study is conducted on (55) Iraqi Arabian horses with different sub breeds (AL-Muanigi,AL-Hamdani,AL-Kuhailan and AL-Saklawi),the ages ranged 12-240 months for both sexes (males and females) and with different colures (White, Black, Red, Brown).The current study aims to estimate the effect of sub breed of horses sex, age and color on different body measurements of wither height (WH),Croup height (CH),Body length (BL),Chest girth (CG),abdomen girth (AG),length of 3rd metacarpal bone (L3rdMB),Circumference of 3rd metacarpal bone (C3rdMB),length of backline (LBL),head length (HL),length of hind lamb (LHL),and arm length (AL) and hand length (HL),respectively indices for backline, chest girth, body shape, body length and body height. The results can be summarized as follows: The overall means ±their standard errors of body measurement of Iraqi horses are 145.434±1.963,155.814±2.688,155.814±2.688,165.354±2.932,165.332±3.467,30.779±3.406,18.144±0.310,76.140±1.212,64.614±0.493,136.223±1.517,40.227±0.859 and 41.179±1.006 can for WH, CH,BL, CG,AG, L3rdMB, c3rdMB, LBL,HL,LHL,AL and HAL respectively.Generally, there are significant (P<0.05) increases in the body measurements with age progress; Mares have recorded arithmetically superiority in all measurements except (AG) and (LBL) as compared to stallions. AL-muanigi and AL-Saklawi sub breeds in equine arithmetic and significant (P<0.05) superiority in most measurements as compared with AL-Hamdani and AL-Kuhailan Sub-breeds. The results show that overall means of line, chest girth, body shape, body length and wither height are 52.411±0.826,113.777±1.549, 107.212±1.521, 205.051±3.247 and 99.736±0.648 %respectively. The results explain that color of horses affects body shape also the high value for body shape index (107.212%) and body length index (205.051%) refer to the ability to burden the weight of the horseman for longer distances and also the shortness of the back line 76.140 cm. comparison with body length (155.814 cm) explain that Iraqi Arabian horse have ability in races high lyses for long distances. Highly significant (P<0.01) correlation coefficients among most different Body measurements are found (table – 3).

In order to study the histology of the nephrons ofDogs.Samples were collected from middle of Iraq. The result revealed that thekidney of Dog hadthick capsule. The kidneysoccupied by long nephrons which excrete concentrated urine.The rest were short loop nephrons. Some renal corpuscles were present in the region of juxamedullary and midcortical cortex region The large amount of renal corpuscle in juxamedullary region regarded as the structural properties of the dog kidney, to void concentration urine .The proximal convoluted tubules had large lumen and high cuboidal epithelium cells with spherical nuclei.

The Real-Time PCR technique is a useful diagnostic tool for quick, high throughput and reliable routine screening of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Moreover, this technique done by SYBR Green based quantitative detection of these pathogens in clinical samples such as mastitis milk of cattle. This study was conducted by Real-Time PCR technique to amplified highly conserved region 125bp fragment of 16S rRNA gene Staphylococcus aureus. The results show more frequency detection of Staphylococcus aureus in mastitis milk (95%). We concluded that Real-Time PCR technique provides a rapid and sensitive method for specific direct detection of Staphylococcus aureus in mastitis milk of cattle.

The present study was carried out at local buffalo flock in AL-Najaf province , by using data collected for 40 reverine buffalo in different lactation stage thought the year 2013 to determine the effect of lactation stage and sex of birth in milk protein , lipids , lactose ,ash solid not fat ,calcium ,density, freezing point and water. Results was showed a significant effect (p≤ 0.05 ) of lactation stage in milk lipids, protein, ash and freezing point , the highest values were in late period of lactation (9.5g/l ,4.0 g/l ,0.84 g/l and -29.85 c°) respectively. Lactose and density were increased significantly (p≤ 0.05 ) in the beginning of lactation period its about 4.53 g/l and 54.33ml/gm respectively compared with end of lactation period its about 3.38 g/l and 43.67 ml/ gm respectively. S.N.F ,calcium and water were not affected significantly by lactation stage. Significant effect (p≤ 0.05 ) of calve sex in milk lipids, protein and freezing point , the highest values were in milk of dams that calved female (7.83g/l ,3.92 g/l and -27.36c°) respectively. Lactose and density were increased significantly (p≤ 0.05 ) in the milk of dams that calved male its about 4.62 g/l and 53.17ml/gm respectively. S.N.F ,calcium, ash and water were not affected significantly by calve sex.

Several types of devices are used to perform spirometric tests based on the measurement of lung volumes and their subdivisions. Lung volumes, hence, are represented by the volume of expired air. There was a controversy about the difference between body and ambient temperatures which may extremely affect gas volume. The aim of this cross sectional study is to construct and evaluate a simple device called expiratory gas mass device as a reliable, reproducible, accurate and convenient tool to substitute Vitalograph spirometer as a measure of lung function in healthy Iraqi subjects. Forced expiratory maneuver is done by(300) healthy Iraqi subject aged (20-50)years old 146 male and 154 female through the standardized spirometer and then through the newly constructed gas mass device. The accuracy (systematic error) and reproducibility (random error) were tested for the constructed gas mass device . The results revealed that there were no significant differences in values of FVC and AGM measured by standard Vitalograph spirometer and gas mass device respectively between male and female .Regression lines indicated that there were strong positive correlations between gas mass (GM) and FVC in male and female. It is concluded that gas mass device is simple, portable and easily handled device. It is also reproducible and accurate device for the measurement of GM in normal subjects.

The potential health benefits of various dietary oils in relation to the cardiovascular disease (CVD) recently receiving considerable attention. One of the risk factor for development of CVD is hyperlipidemia as a result of high fatty diet consumption. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorating effects of individual Olea europea, Allium sativum and Nigella sativa oils supplementation orally by gavage at 5 ml/ kg on lipid composition in serum of hyperlipidemic male wistar albino rats. Hperlipidemia was induced by high intake of diet rich of fat 3% (HFD). Animals were randomly segregated into five groups (each of five) and treated daily for six weeks as follow: Group A was negative control group consumed normal basic diet, the group B was positive control group consumed HFD, the group C consumed HFD with Olea europea oil, the group D consumed HFD with Allium sativum oil, the group E consumed HFD with Nigella sativa oil. Blood was obtained at the day zero and at the end of 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks of treatment and allowed to clot and centrifuged to obtain serum for estimation of lipid fractions spectrophotometrically. It has been evaluated that the tested oils play a major role in lipid lowering capacities through the results of the oil supplementation for hyperlipidemic rats in group C, D, and E which recorded significant reduction (P < 0.05) in total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and small size particles of low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) levels with significant decline in atherogenic index (AI) value from end of 2nd week of treatment when compared with the +ve control group (group B), while this significant reduction (P < 0.05)were recorded at the end of 6th weeks of treatment when compared with the -ve control group (group A). On other hand the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) were recorded significant increase (P < 0.05) from end of 2nd week of treatment when compared with the +ve control group (group B) and after 6th weeks of treatment when compared with –ve control group (group A).These study reveals the beneficial effect of the tested oils to the treatment of hyperlipidemia and remarkable reduce of atherogenicity. This effect, may be attributed to the constituent of oils for unsaturated fatty acids, sulfhydryl group, polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids which they have possesses an ameliorating and lowering capacities in addition to antioxidant activities.

The antimicrobial activity of Meropenem released from chitosan matrix against gram positive and gram negative bacteria were studied. The inhibition zone diameter were determined After(24,48)hrs of incubation using agar diffusion assay . The results showed that both matrices were very active to deliver the antibiotic .there are significant increasing p<0.05 in inhibition zone after 48 hrs compared with 24 hrs of incubation. In 100 and 200mg of chitosan loaded with meropenem Also there is significant p<0.05 increasing in the antibiotic delivery in 200mg chitosan matrix. This study suggest to use such matrices in drug delivery system for local bioavailability of compound antibiotic against gram positive and gram negative bacteria at the same time which is very important in the treatment of some bacterial infections.

We must therefore arrive at the following conclusion. Diet must be essentially a mixed one in order to obtain the maximum benefit from it, and animal matter is richer in protein and fat than most other types of food, although it is correspondingly deficient in carbohydrates. Animal protein is the best builder of body-cells, and animal fats give greater staying power.