Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences

The streamlined exterior shapes of tall buildings are important to reduce the effect of the wind. Therefore, an examination of different techniques for the exterior design of tall buildings is required. This study aims to analyses some tall buildings to select the most streamlined design in order to reduce high wind risks. The benchmark used in the current study is a building with a height of 120 m and a triangular cross-section with a side length of 20 m. A square cross-section twisted building design is used as a modified model in tall buildings of about 120 m. The rotation angle of the building is 45° for each twisted path. Six configurations of this type of building are tested with different radiuses of fillet on their edges, which are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 m respectively. All geometries of the buildings are created by SolidWorks, while mesh and simulations are achieved using ANSYS Fluent. A great agreement is obtained between the current results and the previous related study for the benchmark. Using twisted buildings with a fillet of 5 m can lead to a reduction of the drag coefficient of about 27.5% relative to the benchmark. Wind in a horizontal direction can be reduced by using twisted geometry. But in terms of separation, using a fillet with a large radius can lead to avoiding early separation of air.

Understanding sheet metal forming presses are important to reduce manufacturing costs. Thus, the best method of finding the optimum values of processing is by studying the effect of forming parameters on the behavior of formability, friction, and die radius. In this work, the deep drawing process of a low-carbon steel cup was studied and the significance of two important process parameters are investigated which are the friction coefficient and the radius of the die. The finite element method program, ANSYS, is used to study the effect of these parameters on forming load in the deep drawing process. The three levels of friction coefficient are considered which are 0.08, 0.00, and 0.15, and three die shoulder radius of 4, 6, and 8 mm. The results show that the predicted behavior of the punch load coincided well with both experimental and practical behaviors and the confidence is exceeding 94%. The wrinkling defect is happening when using a high die radius, Rd=8mm although the punch load is low due to the increase in the surface area on the edge of die.

Traffic crash commonly referred to as a car crashes with another vehicle or other objects, such as pedestrians, animals, road barriers, or other immovable structures like a utility pole or wall. This can result in injuries, fatalities, vehicle and road damage. In latest years, the number of traffic crashes has increased in Iraq, particularly on rural roads. Because of the severity of the rural road crash problem in Iraq, it has become critical to investigate and understand the causes of rural road traffic crashes. Rural road traffic crashes in Al-Diwaniyah Province haven\\\'t been highlighted since 2003. According to the Planning Ministry\\\'s yearly statistical report, Iraq (2020) the number of crashes recorded in Iraq is 8186, 587 of them are in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate. The percentage of traffic crashes in 2020 inside the city was 47.01% and outside it was 52.99%. The goal of this research is to analyze traffic crash data to identify the crucial factors that impact the occurrence of vehicle crashes in Al-Diwaniyah Province.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of Intake air temperature on the performance of gasoline engines. Various factors are taken that affect the performance of four-stroke gasoline engines. Changes in air intake temperature have a significant impact on the performance of a petrol engine. Consequently, an increase or decrease in the global ambient temperature will impact the performance and air quality of gasoline engines in particular. therefore, this investigation will discover the hot value of intake air temperatures that affects engine performance. This study tested two Kurdistan-Iraq gasoline kinds at different intake temperatures (25Co, 35Co, 45Co, and 50Co). Experiments utilized a four-stroke spark ignition _engine that operated at various rates of speeds (1300, 1500, 1800, 2000, 2300, and 2500 revolutions per minute) under a half load with a 50% throttle opening. The experimental outcomes were compared with Ricardo Wave software simulations. The Ricardo Wave\\\'s theoretical outcomes were in good agreement with the experiment data it showed a near 5% to 10% variance between simulation and practical data. Additionally, utilizing fuels having higher RON increases brake power owing to gasoline\\\'s greater hydrogen content and the engine\\\'s high octane fuel requirement. Also, lower inlet air temperatures would be denser (more oxygen) and offer a larger mass flow during each piston cycle. Hence, due to those factors, brake power was enhanced by reducing intake temp and raising RON. Generally, the experiment results demonstrated that utilizing higher octane number gasoline under lower intake temperature improved engine performance which demonstrates higher power, torque, and efficiency with lower bsfc compared to utilizing higher intake temperature and lower octane gasoline.

This work studied the facilitation of the transportation of Missan heavy crude oil characterized with high viscosity 84.61 cp at 15 °C, low API 23.1, by reducing its viscosity from break down asphaltene agglomerates using five solvents with some novel combinations of chemical additives were used for this study (naphtha & toluene, naphtha & xylene, naphtha & kerosene, toluene & kerosene, and xylene & kerosene).The viscosity of crude oil was measured after being treated with these chemicals at different concentrations (4, 8, and 12 weight%) and temperatures 15, 25, 35, and 45 °C. It has been found that increasing the concentration of naphtha with xylene from 4% to 12% causes a decrease in viscosity, from 48.62 cp at 15°C to 30.11 cp. The viscosity of a mixture of naphtha and kerosene drops from 50.15 cp at 15°C to 31.70 cp when the concentration is raised from 4% to 12%. The addition of toluene to kerosene causes the viscosity to drop from 51.76 cp at 15°C to 33.67 cp when the concentration of toluene is raised from 4% to 12%. Increasing the xylene concentration from 4% to 12% in kerosene led to a decrease in viscosity from 53.65 cp at 15°C to 34.88 cp at the same temperature. The findings of the present work could be applied to the petroleum industry for the purpose of transporting heavy oil of Missan or any other heavy crude.

Thermal cracking of heavy oil residues has gained the attention of oil refineries due to the increasing need for light oil fractions, as well as its lower value compared to light oil fractions. In this paper, the thermal cracking process of the residual crude oil that product from atmospheric distillation towers in the Samawah Refinery was studied in order to convert the heavy oil into a lighter oil. API gravity and conversion ratio for the result from the cracking process has been adopted as indicators of the accuracy and efficiency of the thermal cracking process for AR (atmospheric residue), where the API gravity for AR is equal to 15.5 .The response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted in the design of experiments to reach the best variables of operational conditions , which were in a range of temperatures (350-450 degrees Celsius) and time (30-60 minutes), through which we obtain the best results for the conversion ratio and API gravity for the liquid resulting from the thermal cracking process of AR, where the conversion ratio was 53.4% and API gravity equals 34.4 with a time of 45 minutes and temperature 386 0C.

The emergency department (ED) is one of the most important departments in hospitals, which provides emergency care to patients who need rapid medical treatment. The configuration of the ED\'s interior spaces impacts their functioning and determines the hospital complex\'s performance. This study proposes a Performance-Based Building Design (PBBD) approach to ED layouts in Erbil city hospitals to determine which ED types achieve more functionality factors. The research objective is to inspect three different ED layout typologies and discusses the possibility of the spatial layout of each ED typology in creating a more functionally efficient ED. Eight ED were selected from eight hospitals in Erbil city. Quantitatively Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) questionnaire form was distributed to patients to investigate their opinion on the availability of ED spatial layout variables. Statistical analysis is used for analyzing patient feedback and proving the research hypotheses. As a result, according to patient feedback, the ballroom layout typology was found to be the most beneficial since it has the most functional efficiency factors while popular and linear layout typology has the r. The research findings provide healthcare designers with a useful framework and resource for future designs, especially for treatment spaces within ED.

The Ground Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) is an integrated passive heating and cooling system for many greenhouses, industrial and residential building applications. Reduces heating and cooling loads by transferring heat between ventilated air and the ground. In this paper, the performance of EAHE was studied numerically using the ESP-r program under weather and soil conditions in Al-Diwaniyah city (southern Iraq), connecting the pipe to a building model and testing it during the summer and winter months. In the case of summer, the results indicated a decrease in the temperature of the air supplied to the air-conditioned space, where the temperature reached 37.42 ° C, 40.09 ° C and 39.93 ° C, while the temperature of the outside air was 47.09 ° C, 47.45 ° C and 48.48 ° C during the summer. July, August and September respectively. In the case of the winter months, the air leaving the tube is heated to a temperature of 16.38°C, 13.99°C, 16.42°C, and 16.42°C, when the outside air temperature is 3.33°C, -0.01°C and 5.37° percentage during December, January and February, respectively. The use of this type of heat exchanger achieved a reduction of more than 10 ° C during the summer and an increase of more than 13 ° C in the winter.

The purpose of this investigation is to determine if adding an isolated cylinder to the domain can improve forced convection in the laminar case of the sudden expansion flow in a two-dimensional channel. The range of the Reynolds number (1-200) and the number of prattles 0.71, the impact of different cross-stream locations (x=10.4,10.8 and 11.2) of the circular cylinder on the flow, and thermal properties of the sudden expansion flow have been computationally studied (air). COMSOL Multiphysics is utilized to address the governing continuity, Navier-Stokes, energy equation of energy, and the necessary boundary conditions. Although streamline and isotherm profiles have been used to describe the flow and thermal fields, the temperature dependence of the flow viscosity and thermal conductivity has not been taken into account. The findings presented here demonstrate an improvement in the peak Nusselt value when a circular cylinder is used in comparison to the unobstructed condition.