Journal of college of Law for Legal and Political Sciences

Although the obligation resources were limited to a number of direct resources and making law which is indirect for all of them but is a direct resource to some of obligations that do not go under any other resources. But if we compare the concept of condition and the establishing cause with the role of law in obligation we find out the law will not play the role in making obligation on which the jurisprudence and legislation agreed.This has effect on the general thinking that say the obligation sources are limited and the law is an indirect source to all obligations. Also the law has a role in protecting the rights and being a condition for legal implications. And because of all these things and ambiguity of the subject, explaining the goal of law in protecting the rights and securing the implementation of duties as a barrier to collision between the rights and duties through arranging them. We tried in this study to state the true role of law in a way that is a condition for making obligation, and in this study we determined the situations in which the law is a condition for obligation, and the role that the law plays in arranging duties and rights, through limiting the role of law in protecting rights, giving mandatory force to the obligations, securing their implementation and determining the legal implications that are made. This is to state the idea of mandatory source, compulsive obligation, the role of real law in implementing the obligation, the implications that happen as a result of the lack of their implementation and imposing punishment.Finally, we reached a number of deductions and conclusions of which the most important are the law is a condition not a source for obligation. The intervention of law in regulating the duties and rights is for the purpose of protection. But the law is the source of responsibility. And we suggested to revise the matters that are related to the obligation sources in terms of distribution, limitations and statement of legal rules and the implications that happen in any obligations

Media court is a specialized judiciary that deals with disputes related to publishing and media , alongside both criminal and civil aspects . It is responsible for examining disputes arising from publications committed by media professionals and journalists and abuses they are subjected to . The judiciary that settles these disputes is called the ? Media court ? and is a newly established court specialized in handing media – related conflicts . In this field , we are concerned with the authority and jurisdiction of this divers court , encompassing personal , qualitative , and territorial jurisdiction , Naturally , there will be conflicts and overlaps between this court and other criminal courts .Therefore , it is essential to research and examine the jurisdiction and types of this court ,and find suitable solutions for the conflicting and overlapping situations that may occur between the jurisdiction of this court and other criminal courts .

Political and religious reform among the thinkers of Frankfurt School (Herbert Marcuse) as a model The "Frankfurt School" was founded in 1923 in the city of Frankfurt in Germany to face circumstances and conditions that existed after the First World War, politically, socially, culturally and economically through its critical view and based on dissatisfaction with reality. Furthermore, the attempt to interpret its interactions, relations and strive for its change in a way it can serve the “Western Man “, because due to this School he now was facing a new type of domination, oppression and totalitarianism brought by the technical gadget and mindset. So liberty had become an illusion, democracy a fake and the people without power, but the elite is ruling and dominating. Here was the point, when they started to talk about failure of liberalism and the crisis of democracy

The authority of the administration to purchase at the expense of the supplier is a legal means by which the administration can replace the defaulting supplier to implement the contract at his expense and expense. Purchasing at the expense of the supplier aims to obtain the movables that the contractor refrained or delayed from supplying, and to impose a penalty against him to force him and other suppliers to respect their contractual obligations.
Purchasing at the expense of the contractor is characterized by a number of characteristics. It is a procedure that is predetermined in the contract or the law, and of an administrative punitive nature, specifying the reasons, and that it is a temporary procedure, and the contracting authority resorts to purchasing at the expense of the supplier if he fails to implement the contract or if he delays in its implementation or received violating movables. To the specifications agreed upon in the administrative supply contract

It has become commonplace to criticize the legal and judicial systems on the basis of the inflation of legal texts and judicial rulings, or the instability of laws and judicial approaches due to their frequent change or constant amendment, or compromising the stability of transactions as a result of expanding the scope of judicial oversight, or retreating from a stable judicial approach and adopting a new approach retroactively. In time, and other matters that lead to legal and judicial insecurity. The great importance that judicial policy has is what made legal security usually linked to judicial security. The principles of legal and judicial security are often said and mentioned side by side, and the first has become an inevitable result of the second, and both have become goals that the administrative judiciary courts aspire to achieve. With the aim of instilling confidence in the judicial system. This comes from demonstrating the protective nature of the judiciary in ensuring the application of the law and the protection of rights. Accordingly, if the legal rule is considered a medicine, then the judiciary is considered a treating physician. The fact that the judiciary is the embodiment of the law in its state of life and movement.

Arbitration has gained wide resonance as an alternative means of resolving disputes arising between the country hosting the investment as a party to the contract and the foreign investor, for several reasons that we will review successively, as the parties to the relationship found their benefit from this method because it provides them with the possibility of choosing the arbitrators who decide on the dispute raised before them, because their wills It plays a major role through this method (arbitration), which becomes clear from the beginning of their choice of this path, to defining its scope, indicating the issues that are resolved through it, and so on. That the foreign investor usually does not want to be subject to the national courts of the host state and the accompanying possibility of being subject to its national law. Also, therefore, it is preferable to resort to arbitration as an alternative means to the national judiciary, and as we know that arbitration begins from the beginning of the agreement of the parties in the contractual relationship and ends with the issuance of the arbitration decision and then its implementation in the country in which the award can be implemented. There are some principles that must be achieved to ensure that the wheel of arbitration runs smoothly. correct

The principle in contracts is that they are consensual, so consensual is the principle in all contracts unless the law stipulates a specific form for some of these contracts, and the principle in contracts also has a set of options for the contractor, including the option of vision and the option of experimentation, and the contract is not concluded between the two contracting parties except after seeing the thing sold and standing on all its characteristics except The development of economic and legal life has brought us before a model of contracts that are concluded by simply breaking their cover and in which the contracting party does not have the option of seeing or even the option of experimenting, which some may think is very close to contracts of compliance if not one of them, but the reality imposes on us that some things are just Uncovering the cover, the contract is concluded either for considerations related to the nature of the thing that do not care about unpacking, or for economic or health considerations. These ideas and others are the subject of our research marked by contracting by unwrapping.

Assignment and dismissal are considered among the most important powers that the administration has broad powers, as it selects people who have the ability, competence, and experience to run this public facility regularly and steadily and achieve the general interest of society. The administration alone enjoys this authority and it is issued by the sole will of the administration. In Iraq, assignments and dismissals are made to jobs. The executive orders and degrees for issuing customs orders are issued by the Prime Minister or issued by the Secretary-General of the Council of Ministers, and sometimes issued by the Director of the Office of the Prime Minister, and this authority varies from one country to another.

Strategic balance was and still is of great importance at the political and academic levels, but this importance has increased at the present time. Due to the nature of the international and regional changes that play a fundamental role in the continuation and change of the structure of the international system, and this importance is not only in the strategic aspect, but in all aspects of military, economic and political power, as the changes taking place in regions that enjoy strategic importance, such as the Indian and Pacific Oceans region, have imposed on Countries that aspire to balance their competing powers, especially the United States and China, to reach a stage where they balance each other in several economic and military fields, with the aim of avoiding direct confrontation, which is known as (balancing hedging) as a stage of the mutual hedging strategy adopted by countries. Competing in the Indo-Pacific region

Legislative protection of citizenship means the constitutional recognition of the individual’s eligibility through explicit text in the body of the constitutional document, including the right to participate in political, social, economic, media, and cultural life, and to be part of public life. This right of participation goes back to making collective decisions toward the public good and the right to participate in decision-making. political, and all of this within a constitutional society based on equality under the law, regardless of differences in religion, gender, race, or race, as one of the most prominent components and components of a democratic society is the principle of citizenship, which constitutes the basic rule in building the contemporary state. Citizenship is the gateway that lays the foundations for the establishment of Democratic governance, and the principle of citizenship is considered one of the important and effective principles in the cohesion of societies between each other, or between representatives of authority, and citizenship is an important necessity for working on integrated national unity and making it always safe from the danger of division, which leads to the maintenance of the political system and keeping it stable that does not suffer from imbalance in In light of the challenges that Iraq is going through, citizenship is a strongly proposed idea as a form of national cohesion in repelling the many attacks on the Iraqi regime and society

It is not possible to identify the human personality except through some data, which plays the role of determining that personality and not others, and works to clarify the life biography of this personality from his birth alive to his death, including all changes that occur to it, in addition to his medical history, which is linked to that data, and may be exposed to Some changes in its format, as it is originally paper (traditional) and may be transformed into a digital format through modern legislation that stipulates this, which leads to its exposure to abuse and illegal use either by those working on it or others, and trying to find the necessary legal solutions to protect it and protect the owner of that data and prevent damage that may be exposed to it

The revolution taking place in the field of communications and information has been linked to many changes in concepts and legal systems, perhaps the most prominent of which is information crime. Therefore, it required reviewing criminal policies and evaluating their effectiveness and keeping pace in confronting such crimes. Perhaps the policy of balance in its criterion derives its effectiveness from its good expression of society’s current interests and values and the extent of its organization of punishment. This criterion in the penal code is a balance that enjoys legitimacy derived from the Constitution, which stipulates and protects the rights and freedoms of the authorities and individuals, and this legitimacy imposes on the legislator to keep pace with the rapid developments that it is witnessing. Society in order to protect rights and freedoms with their developments within the framework of careful regulation of the criminalization aspect of the penal text, in accordance with the system of values and standards prevailing in society, and therefore the legislative authority may not deviate from the intended ultimate goal of its legislation. This is not limited to internal national legislation, but extends to legislation at the international level and the necessity of achieving a degree of compatibility and consistency among them, given the complexity of this crime in its concept, the multiplicity of its forms, its continuous development, and the multiplicity of its areas of connection with the lives of individuals.

This paper discusses the relationship between extractive public policy and its effects on political stability. Extractive public policy is a type of public policy implemented by the government to mobilize material and human resources from the internal and external environment to achieve the goals of the political system. This study answers the question of how and to what extent extractive public policy affects political stability. The value of this research is that it confirms in more detail one public policy pattern that fills a gap not filled by other studies. This study aims to identify the elements that work to strengthen or reduce political stability in any country, with the resulting implications for public policy makers. Given the fact that every political system affects the environment in which it is located, the study uses systems theory to describe the current state of the relationship between the political system and its environment to address the research problem. Providing information about extractive policy departments for both material and human resources is an important and critical concept in this study. To this end, tables and graphs are used to present data that shows how variables interact with each other in terms of quantitative and theoretical information. This research concludes that democracies are more effective in using their country's human resources to harness the diverse capabilities of their citizens through legal regulation, such as military service and volunteerism. Which reflects positively on political stability. As for political systems that depend on natural resources, such as oil, without the other pillar, human resources, or that do not deal well with the sources of extractive policy, they are witnessing a state of political instability, or weak political stability. Keywords: policies, stability, effects.

The study dealt with Iranian foreign policy towards Africa in the period after the Cold War by addressing the stages of Iran’s orientation towards the African continent, and the goals that it seeks to achieve through its orientation towards the continent, as the African continent represented one of the circles of interest in Iranian foreign policy since the outbreak of the Islamic Revolution. Due to the importance of Africa in the perceptions of the Iranian foreign political decision-maker at various levels: political, economic, security, and religious/cultural, the study concluded that Iran is trying to open up to the outside world to confront the challenges and pressures it faces by searching for new allies in neighboring regions, and seeks to extend its influence. And its influence extends to broader areas regionally and internationally by extending its influence to regions of strategic importance such as Africa.

The legitimacy that authorizes the political authority to govern society and direct it according to its system of values is derived from God (religion - revelation), so that this constitutes a source of legitimacy enjoyed by the political authority in Islam. The reality and essence of the state in Islam appears to be that the legitimacy of the political authority in it is derived from God Almighty and based on religious foundations, and this legitimacy appears in the Islamic perspective in the submission of the ruler and the subjects to a greater meaning, which is Sharia. From this standpoint comes the linking of obedience to the regime or ruler with his commitment to Sharia law. The basis for the emergence of the phenomenon of political authority is the correlation between force (authority) and legitimacy, the two components of the formation of authority. Sharia law without force to support it becomes an ideal that is not achieved in time and place, and authority without law becomes a real tyranny. Sharia provides power with a method and guarantees its purpose, so “power” turns into complete authority. It contains the elements of ability and insight, and power guarantees the Sharia that effective material support that transforms the potential energy contained in the Sharia into actual assumptions that must be implemented and effective to correct the course of society (guarding religion).

The company as an economic unit has goals to pursue, In order to achieve these goals, it is practicing its activities, which depends on the organization commensurate with the size of its activity and importance, Therefore, its responsibilities are distributed to the administrative bodies represented by the public authority as the highest authority and the executive authority represented by the board of directors in the joint stock company and the authorized director in other companies, Which performs the functions of administration within a specific time-frame whether in its meetings or in the exercise of the terms of reference. From this point of view, we will divide this research into three topics, the first of which relates to the General Assembly in two cases The first is devoted to the duration of meetings of the General Assembly, And the second for the duration of the decisions of the General Assembly and appeal, The second topic was the first two terms of the Council's term, duration of meetings and terms of specialists, The second is devoted to the expiration period of the membership and the duration of his liability, The third topic in the first two questions dealt with the concept of the authorized director, The second was devoted to the term of office of the Director-General and his

Granting parliamentary immunity to a member of the House of Representatives is to enable him to carry out parliamentary work in complete freedom without being subject to any kind of responsibility, which is stipulated in most constitutional legislation, and the general rule that requires total equality between citizens in criminal liability and its absence from members of the House of Representatives. Representatives are considered an exception to this rule, and the representative is granted substantive and procedural immunity to avoid accountability for his statements in discussing and approving draft laws within the dome of Parliament, to enable him to carry out his oversight duties through questioning and answering the executive authority, and parliamentary immunity stops criminal proceedings against the representative until he obtains permission from The Representative Council, in order to be briefed on the issue of the criminal liability of a member of the Representative Council.
We divided the research topic into two sections, in the first of which we address the provisions of the criminal liability of a member of Parliament, and in the first there are two topics in which we address the concept of criminal liability of a member of Parliament, and in the second section we discussed the basis of the criminal liability of a member of Parliament, while in the second section we discussed the procedures for lifting parliamentary immunity (procedural immunity). It contains two demands: the first is to lift parliamentary procedural immunity during the period of the legislative term, and in the second demand, to lift parliamentary (procedural) immunity outside the period of the legislative term.

In order to preserve the health of individuals, some countries resort to compulsory vaccination by imposing it by law without any regard to the will of individuals. Although the public interest is achieved through this process, it sometimes causes harm that may result from an error on the part of the person performing the vaccination process. These damages may occur without any fault on their part, and in the latter case some countries have resorted to adopting the idea of objective liability (liability without fault) to compensate those harmed by compulsory vaccination as a result of its mandatory nature. Therefore, the problem of the subject of the research was the presence of a legislative deficiency in Iraqi law with regard to the objective responsibility (liability without fault) of the state for the damages of compulsory vaccination, and therefore this research aims to clarify the concept of this responsibility and its characteristics while determining the basis and conditions of this responsibility, by adopting the comparative analytical approach. For relevant legal texts in Iraqi, Egyptian and French law. The study reached a set of conclusions, including that the civil liability of the state without fault for the harms of compulsory vaccination is an exceptional and complementary responsibility that the courts resort to in the absence of a mistake or the impossibility of proving it, and that it would have been better for the Iraqi legislator to amend the Iraqi Public Health Law instead of issuing a new law. Titled providing and using the Corona vaccine, as well as adopting the objective responsibility (responsibility without fault) of the state for the harms of compulsory vaccination without being limited to the Corona vaccine, and in a way that specifies the conditions and includes all types of compulsory vaccination. In light of this, we presented a set of recommendations, including abolishing the Law on the Provision and Use of Corona Pandemic Vaccines No. (9) of 2021, especially in light of the receding negative effects of this pandemic, and instead, making an amendment to the Iraqi Public Health Law No. (89) of 1981, as amended. Through it, a special text is included to regulate the state’s liability without fault for the damages caused by compulsory vaccination.

This research titled "The harmonization between domestic legislation and international treaties and the extent of the Iraqi legislature's compliance - an analytical study-" deals with the issue of the necessity of harmonizing between domestic legislation and international treaties as one of the effects emanating from the international treaty, and to demonstrate the mechanisms and means that can be utilized to achieve this harmonization, whether it was at the stage of the draft laws or after it became a law in force. It also deals with the position of the Iraqi legislator regarding the extent of his response to international treaties in terms of complying with this compatibility through introducing a set of independent laws issued under the influence of international treaties, in addition to adopting certain principles and provisions in various laws. On the other hand, it also deals with examples of Iraqi domestic legislation in conflict with the treaties to which Iraq has become a party, subsequently it imperative for the Iraqi legislative power, whether at the level of the federal government or the Kurdistan Regional Government, to review these legislations and harmonize them with international treaties, otherwise the Iraqi government faces international responsibility for not respecting the international commitment to the treaties that the Iraqi constitution pledged to respect

Transformation to Islamic banking by opening Islamic branches and windows is considered as the most famous and common method of transforming. This method of transforming has many features, its administrative procedures are easier than another method of transforming. However, this method is forbidden in some jurisdictions and has not regulated in other. In any way, such method cannot be forbidden especially in jurisdiction which does not have Islamic banking act because it supplies so many facilities to large number of clients.

The position of the head of the Supreme Judicial Council is of great importance to the success of the judiciary in performing the role entrusted to it, and it cannot be achieved in an optimal manner unless a large part is achieved in it, entrusted to the one who climbs the hierarchy of this council, who is its president. Being the holder of the real and actual authority in managing the affairs of the judiciary, and thus he represents the backbone of the state and the source of power and implementation in it. As we find that the head of the Supreme Judicial Council is the supreme administrative head of the council, and that his position entrusts him with a group of powers in the field of administration, and that the exercise of the head of the Supreme Judicial Council of his job increases the confidence of individuals, which requires clarification and an indication of the extent of its relevance to the current circumstances.We believe that the Supreme Judicial Council is not independent in appointing its members from among the judges, including the appointment of its head, and this is contrary to the principle of separation of powers. The study of the competencies of the President of the Supreme Judicial Council raises several questions, including: What are the powers of the President of the Supreme Judicial Council? To what extent are the powers of the President of the Supreme Judicial Council commensurate with regulating the management of the affairs of judicial bodies?We ended this study with a conclusion in which we showed the most prominent conclusions and suggestions. Among the conclusions is that the powers of the President of the Supreme Judicial Council are distributed between Judicial Organization Law No. (160) for the year 1979, amended, and Law of the Supreme Judicial Council No. (45) for the year 2017 in force, and its instructions.

The legislative deal with the phenomenon of unemployment The increase in unemployment rates is one of the most important problems facing Iraq, which represents a major challenge facing the economy, which means an increase in the number of forces able and willing to work without finding it, as a result of the lack of job opportunities and economic stagnation.In order for a person to be empowered in a safe country, a unified society, a diversified economy and a sustainable environment, it is necessary to get rid of the obstacles that stand in the way of eliminating unemployment, as the philosophy of sustainable development in liberating people from poverty in all its forms and dimensions requires the existence of a coherent and integrated legislative policy in what is between them; in order to eliminate unemployment.Unemployment is one of the thorny issues because it is linked to government policies, so the production sector must be expanded to attract the largest possible segment of workers, build a diversified and mature Iraqi economy and rehabilitate all productive sectors using various legislative tools. Indeed, the Iraqi legislator has harnessed several laws to provide income-generating job opportunities and enable the poor to withstand the challenges of living. However, some of these laws contain texts that negatively affect the phenomenon of unemployment, or that some of these texts contradict texts in other laws, which results in the widening of the phenomenon of unemployment. This is an indication of a defect in the legal system, which calls for the intervention of the legislature to reform it, to attract all the available capabilities for the optimal use of the labor force, which is the main artery and engine in achieving the goals of sustainable development

The legal regulation for the protection of freedom of expression is a major subject of studies in international human rights law. Despite the existence of international, regional, and national laws and legislations regulating freedom of opinion and expression, they witness many violations and restrictions that impede them and prevent citizens from their right to express their opinion.In order to address these violations and establish rules and controls that guarantee the preservation and protection of this freedom within its legitimate framework without exceeding it to harm others or society, we have chosen this topic to discuss the case of Iraq in this regard, since the establishment of the Iraqi state until today,For the purpose of studying this topic, it was divided into two sections. The first section deals with the definition of "freedom of expression" and the scope of its protection at the regional and international levels. As for the second, we devoted it to discussing the issue of freedom of opinion within Iraqi legislation

Intellectual property is a human right, and its protection is a humanitarian duty that has garnered attention and consideration in the majority of international and national conventions. There is no denying that the world's current progress and prosperity are the outcomes of the creative contributions of human beings—writers, scientists, and thinkers—whose names are inscribed in various fields of science and knowledge.Through their exceptional abilities, they have managed to reshape the course of history in service of humanity. Their accomplishments have played a pivotal role in unveiling the era of backwardness, and for the sake of enhancing and enriching the cultural heritage of any society, it is imperative to nurture its intellectuals, provide protection for their rights, and create a fertile ground to stimulate their potentials. This perpetual endeavor, without pause, fuels human civilization with both spiritual and intellectual contributions.
Establishing what has been presented, the protection of this right can only be realized through the existence of a constitutional provision that settles the debate and dispels the uncertainty from the minds of intellectual property holders regarding the extent of safeguarding their efforts. This provision brings reassurance to all parties involved. On one hand, it informs the beneficiary of the intellectual right that their interests are legally protected. On the other hand, it notifies potential infringers that any violation against the right holder constitutes an offense subject to legal consequences. In accordance with this, the majority of legal systems, both constitutional and legislative, have consistently established a legal framework with the aim of recognizing, regulating, and enhancing the protection of this right through guarantees and means that ensure its enforcement. While the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 does not explicitly proclaim the right to intellectual property, it can be inferred implicitly from some explicitly mentioned rights, which, by their nature, align with the essence of the content. It benefits from the same guarantees as other rights. However, this right is not absolute but rather subject to the limits of public order and general morals. Therefore, our research focuses on elucidating the position of the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 regarding intellectual property rights and examining the key constitutional provisions that could serve as the foundation for exercising this right

One of the pillars of the democratic system in any country is perhaps that the electoral process is conducted smoothly and without any irregularities that disturb its peace and deviate from its proper legal path, but no matter how keen these countries are to ensure the integrity of the electoral process, irregularities must occur that may be simple, or amount to electoral crimes. Whether it is bribery crimes or crimes of threats and use of force, which requires activating the role of the judicial authorities concerned with monitoring the integrity of the electoral process and taking it towards safety. Among these bodies is the Independent High Electoral Commission, as well as the Judicial Authority for Elections, as well as the role of the Federal Supreme Court. Which is still limited and not commensurate with the status of this court in the Iraqi legal system. And let's not forget the role played by international missions in monitoring and supervising the elections in Iraq, especially the role of the international mission of the United Nations, which started since 2004, and among the important proposals that this study reached, is Expanding the jurisdiction of the Federal Supreme Court in Iraq within the framework of the electoral process and not making it a marginal role, commensurate with the status of this court in the Iraqi legal system

Mobile companies have occupied a clear position in the legal research, due to their activities related to the reality in which we live, and given the continuous development in the means of communication, they have taken different forms in terms of the way they implement and satisfy the needs of citizens, which requires the recognition of these companies with the legal personality to carry out these works, as is the case in Any development, especially technical development, is often accompanied by certain opportunities that are exploited by weak-minded people to commit illegal activities, some of which are classified as criminal, and sometimes the perpetrators of these activities are the communication companies themselves. It is called fraudulent activities that represent the crime of fraud that occurs from mobile companies. Therefore, the countries' attention focused on regulating and managing these companies, and imposing effective control over them in terms of penalties when they violate the legal system that governs them, and we will discuss the details of this in our research

The world system is witnessing - day after day - new transformations, including the emergence of private security companies after passing through many stages. The work of these companies in Iraq was organized for the first time in accordance with the memorandum of the dissolved Coalition Provisional Authority No. (17) of 2004, and it was canceled by the Iraqi Private Security Companies Law No. (52) of 2017, and in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, the business of these companies was regulated in accordance with the instructions of the Ministry of Interior, No. (5) of 2015, and it was canceled by Law No. (18) of 2021. There is no clear definition in Iraqi law and the law of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, We discussed some definitions of jurists, and explained the characteristics of these companies, which are commercial companies like other commercial companies and their goal is profit in exchange for providing security services. In terms of establishment, tasks, workplace, subordination, etc... ie, independent companies. We do not agree with the opinion that you say that mercenaries are the basis for establishing private security companies and because there is a big difference between the workers in these companies and mercenaries in terms of tasks, nationality, legality, etc... We discussed the similarities and differences between the workers in these companies and the public employee, including the internal security forces. It turns out that although there are similar points, but the points of contention are more in terms of appointment, tasks, dependency, duration, etc... There is no unified designation in Iraqi law, Kurdistan Regional Law and comparative law, where in the Kurdistan Region law they were named (associates) and in Iraqi law (workers), And the Egyptian law called them (the caretaker). In Iraqi law, the word “appoints” came with the worker, even though this word is customary for employees, and we concluded that these companies are commercial and their tasks are defensive and not offensive. Private security, describing the worker accurately and defining the tasks of these companies accurately so as not to interfere with the security forces, the Peshmerga, the army, etc...