AL Ghary Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences

The research aims to reveal the nature of the relationship between the liquidity
management of the banking and credit in the Iraqi and Jordanian commercial
banks as it is the subject of liquidity of the important topics in the commercial
banks, the prime concern in their daily work and friction with the customers, as
bank credit is more attractive to banks and investment areas due to the high
returns generated it compared to investments other and thus bring to the banks
the main goal of profitability and vice versa of that bank has kept of liquidity
needs, which results in a case of improper use of resources Almtahho good
management of liquidity help boost the confidence of the supervisory authorities
(the central bank) and depositors, while the poor liquidity management lead to
the inability of the bank to exploit appropriate opportunities to maximize profits
and the loss of investment opportunities, and includes the idea of research
evaluates liquidity management in the banking sample of the study and the
comparison between them and the statement of the impact of liquidity, which has
been certified indicators (six indicators) on credit indices (indices), especially
after the choice has been three banks each from Iraq represented b (Baghdad,
Middle East, Business Bay), Jordan also three banks represented by (Jordan,
Arab, housing) and they have a long history in the banking business, and has
been studied indicators, analyze and find the relationship and influence according
to the statistical methods used to achieve the objectives and hypotheses of the
study, especially after what has been drafting stability hypothesis for it was the
use of such indicators and tested by a test (value, fp) and the statement of impact
through the coefficient of determination (R2) has reached search to a set of
conclusions among which the correlation significant differences between the
liquidity ratios legal and bank credit has also formulate a set of recommendations
including the need for the banks under study to strengthen its financial position
through increased attention to indicators of bank liquidity management to
achieve acceptable rates of bank credit.

The concept of competitive superiority occupied great importance in specialized literature, The dynamic business environment witnessed by the business environment as a result of information ,knowledge and communication revolution to focus on the customer and its requirements, Which requires the search for mechanisms and means that contribute to the fulfillment of these requirements and their success. Hence, this research aims to identify the role of applying electronic money in achieving the competitive superiority of banks, the research applied in a sample of Iraqi banks within the boundaries of the city of Najaf, The results were analyzed, hypotheses tested and a number of conclusions were reached. Most importantly, there is a strong belief in the need to apply electronic money within banks, but this requires full awareness and the provision of supporting infrastructure.

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region is mainly dependent on oil, Where it has the largest oil reserves in the world are classified as Economies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in the economies of Developing countries even though they are part of the oil economies, Which is characterized by a high degree of financing energy and high per Capita income. When the oil was of the most important sources of Income of the GCC countries, it is obvious that the macroeconomic Performance depends on the suffering of the oil sector of the changes. These countries have realized the danger that lies in the dependence on A single cough such as oil strategy, So it has tended to try to diversify Sources of income and thus export diversification in order to mitigate the Impact of external factors and the vagaries of the global Market. It is Expected to continue to energy, especially oil, hegemony over a large ofThe economic activity of the GCC economic relations. However, the GCC Countries seek to diversify the Gulf economy towards Manufacturing, Which contributes to reducing the importance of oil in The GNP . The Industry has emerged in this group of countries as a Sector dynamically Evolving and is expected to witness a rapid growth in The coming years. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region has seen high levels of trade Surplus and current account surpluses (balance of Payments), Since the Monetary integration among the GCC countries of The Gulf is a prime hub To reduce the impact of external economic Fluctuations on the local Economies, and get the best in terms of the Scope of international trade-Offs , and achieve economic development.

Transport is one of the important reasons for the prosperity of tourism in any country, and by the ways and means of transport of all kinds are provided the requirements of tourism promotion activities in the place of destination, as well as be linked to the tourist attraction markets demand. This means that transportation is the main base for tourism and exponentially, and also expresses the degree of urbanization and civilization and an indication of the economic progress of the country. The booming tourism and recreation industry in the regions and different countries linked to the progress of the ways and means of transport, and can not be tourist sites that would be more attractive for tourists as long as did not have access, regardless of what you offer of facilities and services, and affect the rapid and convenient transportation to tourism and recreation the distance and time are linked and the speed of transport currently has made the world more like a small village, and the matter tourist time that he have access to the tourist that wants to go to, and goes some tourism experts to access the site tourism plays an important role hardly differs from the aesthetic characteristics of the site itself

The Purpose / of this research to determine the nature of the relationship between organization reputation and Strategic Performance in the first premium-class restaurants in the province of Najaf.

Methodology / Design: The researchers distributed (82) to identify the individuals' influential in the decision in the first premium-class restaurants in the province of Najaf, as it has been analyzed using statistical program Advanced SmartPLS v.3 as well as a program. .SPSS V.22.

The importance of research/ The importance of research in that it is applied in one of the most important business sectors in Iraq in general and in the province of Najaf, in particular, that of the catering sector, and address the real problem was the search organization community searching for unique resources to cope with the intense competition within the sector.

Practical results / research found a set of practical conclusions from them that there is significant effect between dimensions of organization reputation and Prospective of Strategic Performance.

Originality / value: this research came to fill the knowledge gap represented the lack of Arabic search to the knowledge of researchers addressed the relationship and influence between research variables in the specimen supposedly single, and the importance of this relationship to achieve excellence for restaurants study sample.

The current research seeks to explore the nature of the relationship between regulatory nerve networks, which consist of (cognitive regulatory nerves and networks emotional regulatory nerve networks) and excelence behavior, which includes the (self-esteem and compassion, humanity and personal confidence and candor, respect and totalitarian). The importance of research in the current scarcity of theoretical and applied research, which focused on identifying the relationship between these variables in Sadr Medical City in Najaf province. As well as the importance of the current research is in its attempt to reduce or bridge the gap between cognitive variables under consideration.As well as having a number of problems, in fact related to these variables may significantly affect the behavior of the doctors working in Iraqi hospitals in general and medical Sadr City in particular. In order to achieve the goals of current research and distributed researcher (100) to identify the number of doctors working in Sadr Medical City and the number of questionnaires recovered (90) questionnaire, and the number of valid questionnaires for statistical analysis was (76) questionnaire and a rate (84%) of the questionnaires were recovered. Based on the statistical analysis of the data by the statistical program SPSS v.20, search set of results, which was the most important, and an inverse correlation between moral and cognitive neuroscience regulatory networks, as well as the negative emotional nerves negative regulatory networks with outstanding behavior of the doctors relationship.In the same context, the results also showed a negative and significant effect of regulatory networks cognitive neuroscience negative as well as regulatory networks of nerves in the outstanding negative emotional behavior of physicians. Thus there is a need for medical attention Sadr city administration under discussion, these variables and the relationship between them for the advancement of the administrative and service their betterment.

The present study proposed a multilevel model to explore how error management culture influenced employees’ proactive work behaviors (problem prevention, voice, taking charge, and individual innovation) through the mediation of psychological empowerment. With questionnaires were administered to a sample of 283 employees from 49 work units of ten public organizations in the province of Muthanna, we conducted multilevel analysis to examine our hypotheses. The authors conducted HLM path analysis to test the effect of error management culture on the psychological empowerment and proactive work behaviors. The study also examined cross-level mediation effects of psychological empowerment between error management culture and proactive work behaviors. The results of data analysis reveal that error management culture has a significant effects on the psychological empowerment and proactive work behaviors. Moreover, psychological empowerment mediated the relationship between error management culture and proactive work behaviors. According to these findings, a set of conclusions and recommendations were formulated.

Purpose: The study aims to determine the effect relationship of quality of work life in enhancement the job engagement, where the study focused on a sample of employees in the Imam Ali Holy Shrine. Proceeding from the realistic problem that directly influence on the overall environment work in all organizations, especially service organizations, such as the holy shrines. Thus, the study problem has been formulated as follow " the emergence of job engagement of workers influenced directly by the level of the quality of work life in the organization under study.

Design / Methodology: In order to complete the requirements of the current study, and represent the target population of the study, it has been depended on random sampling technique. As it was distributed 300 questionnaires directly to the target of administrative employees working in the Imam Ali Holy Shrine, and then retrieved (251) questionnaires. The number of valid questionnaires for statistical analysis was (213) with (71%) response rate.

Theoretical results: The existence of a knowledge gap to clarify the nature of the relationship between the study's variables, quality of working life and job engagement at organizations in general, and in the Imam Ali Holy Shrine in particular.

Practical results: Practical results showed that have been reached there is a direct effect of quality of work life on job engagement for employees working in the organization under study.

Importance of the study: The scarcity of previous studies, which studied the study's variables together. this study has gained significance from being touched on the important variables highlight the workers and their behavior in the holy shrines in Iraq in general, and in particular the Imam Ali Holy Shrine.

The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of strategic thinking in promoting affiliation Organisational applied research in Kufa Cement Plant as assumed Find a relationship positive effect moral and strategic thinking to belong Organisational The importance of the study to try to find the problems that occur in fact the service of government solutions by providing administration as a whole from the findings of the research and trying to promote the strengths of the cement plant and address the weaknesses among workers and selection of managers who have the strategic thought in senior positions because this is leading the lab to success and excellence

The research aims to study the relationship between the psychological capital and organizational silence. To achieve this objective research tried to determine the influential relationship between two variables of research, and psychological dimensions of psychological capital (hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and flexibility) and silence organizational dimensions (communication problems, and the behavior of silence) from questionable intellectual essential that Are influenced by organizational silence the dimensions of the psychological capital and testing this question at the field level at public Al-Hussein Hospital, and in order to determine which of the psychological dimensions of the most influential in the organizational silence. A random sample of were selected (104) members of staff subjected their answers to the test and analysis, and statistical results indicated a significant effect for the psychological dimensions in the levels of organizational silence.

The nigotation ledearshipe of important issues in organizational behavior as they have a large and active role in identifying trends stesse work Management in the hotel industry field, therefore interacted Two of the variables for the formation of the intellectual and philosophical framework for this study (work stress management and nigotation ledearshipe), which It launched from several questions and the objective was to answer the elucidation theoretical philosophy and intellectual goals of these variablesBecause it is modern subjects to the general Arab environment, especially the Iraqi and the environment and to determine the level of study variables and test hypotheses used a number of statistical methods nonparametric analysis and processing of data, information, and relying on statistical programs Ready (SPSS ver-19) represented in rural arithmetic mean, standard deviation, the relative importance of the statement level variables, and Spearman correlation coefficient to measure the nature of the relationship between the variables of the study, the coefficient of simple linear regression simple linear regression to measure the impact of relationshipsBased questionnaire as a tool for measuring by the (118) is responsible at the level of administrative leaders of their rank (Director of the Division, the Director of Department, Associate Director of the Commissioner, the Director of the Commissioner) in the following hotels (Rasheed, Al-Mansour, Palestine, Ishtar, Babylon). The importance of the study presented in rooting for the intellectual nature of the variables of the study based on an applied voltage through the application of theoretical concepts in the practical field.

this study aims to identify the role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior in achieving Organizational Change in the Public company of Cement / Al-kufa Cement Company.a questionnaire was used to collect data from 115 employees in Al-kufa Cement Company. 115 questionnaires were collected, only 97 questionnaires were viable for statistical analysis . Organizational Change depends on individuals' attitude toward that change, and since they are affected directly by that change, then management should understand these attitudes and analyze them to reach solutions that improve performance. the results show that there is a positive relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Change in Al-kufa Cement Company. due to rare studies that aims to understand the role Organizational Citizenship Behavior in acceptance of Organizational Change, then then this study is considered the only study that includes these variables. In addition, this study solves a realistic problem that affect the industrial sector in Iraq .

The subject of the study is one of the modern subjects that has become a
paramount importance in the economic life and management of many
organizations including civil society organizations, The basic objective of this
study is to analyze and measure the impact of spiritual leadership in achieving
Organizational commitment. The study relied on a number of assumptions in an
attempt to get to the answers to the process, and the search for answers that can
lead to solutions to raise the level of organizational commitment through the use
of the dimensions of spiritual leadership. It was selected as the sample of workers
in the Iraqi Red Crescent Society _ Najaf branch, scope for the field side of the
study Questionnaire form used as a key tool to collect data from a sample of
individuals consisting of (53)individual study .The study found that the
dimensions of spiritual leadership have a significant impact on organizational
commitment and the Assembly to focus on this style of command to solve their
problems.

Most companies are constantly seeking to make changes in their policies and strategies in order to shift from their current situation to the situation they want strategically and to move to a better financial and competitive level. This requires a number of measures and a number of modern strategic methods, As the current phase's discharge has placed great responsibilities on the companies, which have been working on developing their accounting and financial systems and looking for administrative accounting methods that will help manage the long-term costs, Can effectively contribute to improving the ability to absorb internal and external environmental variables, reduce costs, maintain quality, and improve and improve financial performance.

The research aims to shed light on the concept and importance of program and performance budget as one of the modern techniques of preparing public budgets, which was imposed by the actual need to develop the foundations of preparing the public budget as a result of increasing the state intervention in the life of society to achieve economic and social development. The continuity of preparing the public budget according to the traditional technique by countries ,will lead over the year to increase the volume of public expenditure without any real need to such increase. In order to rationalize the government tunnels in the budget of the Kurdistan Region, the research came to clarify how to apply the technique of program and performance budged, after an analytical analysis of the public budget in the region in terms of its characteristics and the place of strength and weakness, as well as, a questionnaire has been designed involves three axes, which were distributed to a sample of governmental directories that has a relationship with the public budget, to show the problems of the traditional technique and the ability of apply the budget of program and performance.

The research comes to a number of conclusions the most important of which is the presence of a continuous increase in public expenditure year after year due to the expansion of the provision of salaries and wages as a result of the many appointments in the public sector as well as the weakness of the private sector in attracting investment and attracting labor, as the researchers put some proposals to the attention of the concerned authorities for the advancement of the public budget among these of the need for the direction towards the implementation of programs and performance budget as the most modern methods used in both developed and developing countries as well as the creation of the necessary requirements for the application and conditions either technically or through the media by the consciousness the leaders of government agencies to accept the change.