Wasit Journal for Human Sciences

This research aims to study the word ‘water’ in the Almighty’s saying “and We have made of water everything living, will they not then believe?”, as a semantic study in the books of interpretations. This is due to the importance and greatness of water. Its importance has been clearly and explicitly stated in the Holy Qur’an, as it is widely spread throughout the Holy Qur’an, with a percentage 56% of the total verses of the Qur’an. In this research study, the researcher based on the investigative and analytical method, using the most important books of ancient interpretations.
Accordingly, the study comes to define the concept of ‘water’ according to the interpretations. The interpretations differ in explaining the meaning of water in this noble verse. What is meant by water is whether the moving living creatures- animals only, or animals and plants together, or it means water- sperm? Or is it the water descending from the sky, and this is what the researcher will clarify in the research.

The current study is considered as one of the most significant studies that deals with the Prophetic Hadiths which emphasize on the importance of water in the Prophetic Sunnah and exploring Hadithic studies, in terms of the hadith’s occurrence and methods, addressing the narrators of the hadiths, and studying its chains of transmission as mentioned in the books of men. In addition, the study emphasizes on the most important benefits of the conversation, keeping pace with the jurisprudence of reality and the concept of water security. Through this research, the researcher studies the most important topics that this blessed conference brought about. Firstly, he begins with arranging the hadiths that cover the topic, mentioning the scholars’ sayings about them, and revealing the source of the hadith’s recent sequence as mentioned in the books of men. The researcher came up with tangible results through the research, with some recommendations. The researcher exerted his effort through research and investigation to find out the most important things mentioned in the hadiths of the Prophet (Peace and blessings be upon Him).

Water extravagance in light of Islamic Figh
Healthy study, environmental, Figh, Camercial, field worK
This subject is an inclusive, applicative Study for Islams system how to use Water, in time of wars are about to be Water wars in the world.
Thus the researcher made ready for Serving humanity and its rescue out of those wars on worlds level. From the local point of view, the drought occured in many parts of the Universe, thousands of villages been migrated, animals mortality by thousands. Many cities Were stony, millions of hamans were sick due of agricultural and water lack .
Therefor this study appears, the researcher depended upon basic sources of Islamis legislation in
Koran and Sunnah, of Jurispredents diligence of all Islami modern Science and scientific miracle proving the greatness of this religion, setting the adequate system for using water at home, mosque, by warshipness, inoffices, farms, construction, in touristisplaces cooling facilities and international relationships all over the world accor scientific system.
Allah blesses!

Water is the secret of life and its continuity, so it must be preserved from tampering and extravagance, and Islamic Sharia came with provisions stipulating its preservation and not transgressing through the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet, and because one of the purposes of Sharia law is Islam.According to what God Almighty says.(And we made from the water everything live) Its sources are well water, rain, springs, rivers, and snow. If it were not for water, there would be no living on this planet because God Almighty created us and made us successors in it. Therefore, we must preserve people’s lives through governors.This is one of the purposes of Sharia law that is encouraged through verses and hadiths.The importance of water in people’s lives has been mentioned by God Almighty in the Holy Qur’an 63 times Because of its importance, in addition to many hadiths that mention water and its preservation.

The study aimed to study the interpretation of the word “water” in the Qur’anic text, pragmatically (intentionality), and to explain what the Qur’anic verses contain regarding the word “water.” The study relied on analytical lessons, and the researcher reached several results, the most important of which is: If “” was mentioned in The Holy Qur’an is in a form that carries a different meaning that is not similar to its counterpart, with the difference in intentionality in saying, because of the real and metaphorical connotations in the context of the hadith, and it must be a league that the most important thing that confronts intentionality - in that it witnesses the continuation of the production of discourse - and confirms it and explicitly explains the ability of the speaker to have an intention or The goal is to explain the meaning.

ABSTRACT
The Islamic Religion has admitted the principle of coexistence, love the goodness for others and ignore the differences among human beings as a whole. For its universality, mercy, its freedom and acknowledgments of the rights for others, particularly the religious ones, and preventing of taking back these rights. This content came as an evident for many verses and hadiths to the Prophet Mohammad ( PBUH) and the people of his house (PBUH) that concentrate AND encourage spreading the culture of tolerance, brotherhood, affection, compassion, gentleness and affection among people.
Religion carries spiritual, moral dimensions and humanitarian implications for spreading peaceful awareness through looking at people within one eye regardless of their race, belief and religion. The meaning of coexistence and peace is human nature based on the interaction to do the people\'s needs and solve their problems to be logical reason for religion that calls for the harmony and mutual respect.
Islam has been known for its justice, tolerance and mercy. So Islam brought some concepts from the Holy Qur\'an and the Sunnah of the faithful Messenger, and these concepts are unique to Muslims in their dealing with others who have other religions, the matter that leads to strengthening the bonds of cooperation and tolerance between societies to live in peace and security and away from the intellectual or sectarian fanaticism and away from criticism and fighting. Therefore, the speeches of Ahl al Bayt ( PBUT) were abundant and numerous, urging people to accept others, respect their opinions, help them, meet their needs and wish goodness for them.
Key Words: Peaceful Coexistence – Accepting Others – Ahl al Bayt – Tolerance – Dialogue – Understanding – Softness

Abstract:
Water in the Quran is the source of life, and from it all living things were created. Because of this description and position, water is of great importance in human life, and without it, life would cease to exist.
For this reason, God Almighty has given water this great status, as He pointed to this fact in His saying: "And We made from water every living thing." (Quran 21:30) Therefore, it is imperative that we cherish this divine blessing and preserve it, and work to ensure its continuity.
This research attempts to shed light on the different images of life that water gives and provides on the surface of this earth, and how human activity cannot function without the existence of this divine gift.
The images of life that water creates are evident in the Quran through the many verses that mention it. In one instance, it is mentioned in the descent of rain and the various forms of life that it brings about. In another instance, it is mentioned in the flow of seas, rivers, and oceans, which helps ships to sail and carry passengers and goods.
Another image is found in the growth and development of human life itself, from the fetus to the child, to the youth, to the elder.
These images and others together form a dynamic, interactive movement that water has been and continues to be the master and rider of, which has produced, as a result, the human creativity and development that we have reached. All of this is thanks to the existence of water and the availability of this unlimited divine gift in its importance and the necessity of its continuity for the continuation and sustainability of life.

Water is the basis of life and the foundation of the universe, as it occupies about three-quarters of the Earth’s area. It is no secret that the various heavenly religions have highlighted the value of God’s creation of water. Anyone who contemplates Islam’s conception of water will find that the true religion has a perspective on this substance that is characterized by being comprehensive and integrated. And also with his advanced vision that placed water - in terms of its sources, release and benefits - in a scientific context whose dimensions humanity did not realize except in later eras. The word water was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an in about sixty-three verses, and with different concepts, as God Almighty once demonstrated by it its oneness, and sometimes its meaning. Resurrection, and once again God Almighty tells us that it is the foundation of life, Another time, he recruited one of his soldiers, so if he wanted, he would make him a mercy, and if he wanted, he would make him a punishment. Therefore, the study of the semiotics of water terms took two directions: the first: the semiotics of water terms erupting from the ground and the second: the semiotics of water terms sent down from the sky. .
Keywords Water sources, the Holy Quran, semiotics.

Because global interest in the environment was a recent phenomenon, the Prophetic Sunnah was concerned with caring for the environment in all its forms, and preceded all theories and calls in dealing with its various topics, and prohibited assault on it, and on everything related to human life and health, so the Prophetic Sunnah came with a statement of its care and protection and a warning against corrupting its elements, whether water. And air and other minerals. Water is the most important environmental element on which human life on this earth depends. It is also a great blessing from the blessings of God Almighty and it is the basis of life for all creatures. God Almighty said: “And We made from water every living thing. Will they not believe”
Here, it is necessary to preserve this blessing, protect it from pollution, extravagance, and prevent its corruption, and strive to explain the scientific evidence from the Sunnah of the Prophet that precedes Islam, to pay attention to the environment in all its fields, to reach knowledge of the Sharia ruling regarding the necessity of preserving it and protecting it from pollution, and in our turn through this research. Simple, we highlight the clear evidence contained in the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet to preserve it in all its fields

It is known that water resources play an important role in human life and the environment, because the survival of living organisms depends mainly on the existence of water. Resources play a key role in agricultural production to provide food for humans and in other fields such as transport and electricity generation. The industrial development is huge and fast, it is the resource that can be obtained from the water for use in the daily life of man as a source of drinking water as well as in the use of household affairs of life, and also in matters of benefit to humanity such as agriculture and industry and requirements in addition to (97%), while only 3% of the water resources are water. Fresh water and more than two-thirds of freshwater resources are frozen in polar ice sheets and ice sheets. The remaining non-frozen freshwater resources are found in groundwater and the rest are in the form of lakes, rivers and streams on the surface of the earth or in the form of water vapor. Of renewable resources but the stock of water Of groundwater is continuously decreasing, which may threaten environmental balance. In our research we follow the most important water resources enjoyed by the beloved Iraq, such as the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their sources, how to benefit and develop dams, and then address other types of water resources such as hydroelectric power and others.

Abstract:
In order to achieve the maximum benefit from groundwater and at the same time avoid the harms associated with its extraction and disposal, the Iraqi legislator, in Environmental Protection and Improvement Law No. (27) of 2009, decided to regulate the extraction of groundwater and the discharge of its wastes in a way that does not harm the public interest, and imposed civil and criminal penalties accordingly. Those who violate the provisions of this law, including, for example, Articles (32 - 33 - 34-35), which impose penalties of imprisonment or a fine of not less than one million dinars and not more than ten million dinars on those who cause environmental pollution by extracting groundwater, and the punishment is severe. To imprisonment and a fine not exceeding twenty million dinars in the event of repetition of the violation for which he was warned or failure to remove the influencing factor. Civil penalties were also imposed in the event of negligence and negligence that lead to damage to the environment. The Iraqi Penal Code No. (111) of the year In 1969, it extended its criminal protection to groundwater and extracted water. Anyone who spoils the water of a well prepared for use or causes it to do so is punished with imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year and a fine or one of these two penalties, while the Iraqi Civil Code regulates the exploitation and management of groundwater in the provisions of Articles (1053-1099).
From the foregoing, it is clear that the Iraqi legislator, in various general and private criminal and civil laws, has regulated the provisions for the disposal of groundwater, and has dealt with criminalization, punishment, and judgment of compensation and compensation for damage to anyone who violates the controls of groundwater extraction or misuse of it.
Key wards: Civil Liability , Criminal Liability, Groundwater

and the most important of its components. Life arose from the beginning and will remain linked to water until the present time. The stability of people on the face of the earth and the prosperity of civilizations are linked to water and it is linked to human worship، as the Sharia made it a means of cleanliness and purity. Given the importance of water، God Almighty made it a common right among people. For all servants، benefiting from it is a right for everyone without corruption or extravagance. It is not permissible for anyone to monopolize it or prevent it from others. The follower of the teachings of Islam and the reader of the texts of the Qur’an and the noble Sunnah of the Prophet can realize the extent of his interest in the environment and its elements، as Islam is considered the first pioneer that calls for the preservation of water، which has become an important topic today. By governments and organizations
Internationally، we find that Islam takes the lead in approving the principles of rationalizing water consumption، considering that extravagance and squandering of this blessing is one of the most important factors of imbalance and disturbance in the system of tight global balance. Extravagance and pollution are considered one of the causes of environmental deterioration and depletion of its elements. Due to the importance of water، Islam stands against pollution and waste in its use، whether for drinking purposes or Agriculture and industry. There are many educational ethics brought by Islam، which aim to preserve the environment and rationalize water consumption. Today، we are in dire need of these directives that prevent corruption on earth، given the waste، extravagance، and corruption of the elements of nature that characterizes our contemporary life. If this is the guidance of Islam،
And in his dealings with water in matters of worship، cleanliness and purity، he should be careful about wasting it، be economical with it، and protect it from pollution and loss. It is better for the Islamic nation today to respect this blessing and not waste it without awareness and knowledge. There is no doubt that human actions، misuse of water، pollution and extravagance of it may be a reason for water scarcity and wasting this divine blessing.

The United Nations Conference on Water, which was held in the city of Mar del Plata in Argentina between March 14 - 25, 1977, was the first international meeting on the problems of ensuring the continuity of adequate water supplies for the future. The conference was distinguished by broad international participation, as representatives from various continents participated in it. The world, as well as international and governmental organizations, and the main goal that brought them together was to avoid the water crisis at the end of the twentieth century. The conference witnessed the development of the first action plan that recognized that all peoples, regardless of their stage of development and social and economic conditions, have the right to obtain drinking water in quantities and quality equivalent to their basic needs. The conference resulted in the adoption of several decisions directed to United Nations agencies, governments and the international community in general. These decisions included: assessment of water resources, community water supply, agricultural water use, research and development of industrial technologies, the role of water in combating desertification, technical cooperation among developing countries, river commissions in international river basins, and institutional arrangements. For international cooperation in the water sector, financing arrangements for international cooperation in the water sector, water policies in the occupied territories

Abstract
The current relations between Iraq and Turkey have established both shared and conflicting interests at times, and these shared interests have contributed to enhancing cooperation and understanding between the two countries. However, the conflicting interests between the two countries have raised problems and concerns. Despite the long history, cultural and religious connections between Iraq and Turkey, the recent relations between the two countries have varied significantly. The water issue has been one of the contentious files between Iraq and Turkey, with Turkey using the matter as a tool to dominate Iraq, particularly in light of the conflicting interests between the two countries after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the Justice and Development Party coming to power in Turkey in 2002, along with significant changes in the Turkish government's policies towards Iraq and its role in the country through this issue. Therefore, the water file is considered one of the most significant obstacles between Iraq and Turkey and has seen developments after the rise of the ruling Turkish party to power and the US invasion of Iraq. The issue of water resources has become a high priority for most Middle Eastern countries, as water security is now considered an equivalent task to military security, as water security must be ensured to guarantee national and food security for countries in the region. Talking about national security or food security for these countries has no meaning without an abundance of water resources, especially when the majority of these countries rely on water resources beyond their political borders, except for Turkey..

The research aims to study the temporal changes that occurred in Iraq, including the city of Nasiriyah, the center of Dhi Qar Governorate, including observing the size of the change in water imports and water levels of the Euphrates River for the period 2002 - 2022, and through comparison of the monthly and annual rates of hydrological data for the years 2002, 2012, and 2022, that is, a comparison. Hydrological data between every ten years and another, to follow geographical changes in the reality of water through maps and graphs to know the effect of the temporal factor on the change in the hydrological map of the waters of the Euphrates River in the study area.
As the research problem includes the main question of the research (what is the extent of the temporal changes in the water of the Euphrates River in the study area), so the research hypothesis attempts to answer the research problem through the following answer (time has an important effect on the increase or decrease of the water of the Euphrates River in the study area by virtue of... The water resources in Iraq in general and in the study area in particular have been subjected to a significant decrease in water imports and a decrease in the size of water levels due to the special policies of Turkey and Syria, as well as an increase in the water consumption of the population in the study area over time.
The size of the annual rates of Euphrates River discharges varied in the study area, from reaching (249 m3/s) in 2006 to reaching (34 m3/s) in 2009 to reaching (60 m3/s) in 2022. Therefore, the study period 2002-2022 was in It began with wet years, then after the year 2009, dry years became the predominant feature of the water description in the study area. Also, the level of the highest water levels of the Euphrates River in the study area declined over time, after reaching a rate of (3.10 m) in 2002, it declined at a rate to the level (3.08 m) in 2012 to continue to decrease at a rate of (2.49 m) in 2022, which explains the magnitude of the decline in the amount of water imports, the increasing size of the water problem, the occurrence of water scarcity, and the increasing rate of drought over time in the study area.

International agreements are the cornerstone of international law, and countries depend on them to regulate the legal ties between them, and because they regulate current and future issues in general, except for a rare number of them, and because of the Algiers Agreement concluded between Iraq and Iran in 1975 and the negative effects it resulted on the two countries and the war it caused in not adhering to its legal rules. The war that lasted for eight years destroyed both countries in terms of human, economic and social aspects and because this agreement is considered permanent and stable since it relates to borders and its subject is consistent with border agreements that are stable and permanent in accordance with the rules of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties in 1969. In this research, we discussed the topic of river affairs and Iraq’s share, as the sources of the various rivers are within Iranian territory, in addition to the most important part of it, which is the Shatt al-Arab, which was annexed by the Algiers Agreement. This organization resulted in political, legal, and realistic problems that affected Iraq and deprived it of its water shares, in which Iraq was wronged and is still wronged. These effects will continue to affect the Iraqi environment and the future of agriculture and desertification in Iraq. We discussed in the research the river agreement and the resulting non-compliance with its content and the agreement’s restriction of Iraq’s treatments in alleviating the impact of the water crisis. In the research, we reached a set of results and suggestions. Lecturer:

لقد شكلت اليوم الأزمات والكوارث ولازالت مستمرة على مر العصور تهديداً واضحاً للاستقرار البشري وفرضت نفسها , وهي واحدة من التحديات أمام متخذ القرار على أعلى المستويات وذلك من منطلق صيانة وحماية الحياة البشرية وكذلك من منطلق التغلب على تداعيات هذه الازمات والكوارث , عن طريق تسييرها في جانبها التقني والعلمي , حيث شكل ظهور مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي مثل (الفيس بوك، تويتر، وغيرها)، والتي أتاح للكثير من الجمهور تبادل المعلومات والبيانات ومقاطع الفيديو والصور ومشاركة الملفات وحتى أجراء المحادثات الفورية والتواصل والتفاعل المباشر بين جمهور المتلقين اثناء الكوارث والازمات, ويعتبرُ استخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي واحداً من الاستراتيجيات المهمة في إدارة الأزمات التنظيمية بهدف التواصل مع المجتمع ونشر المعلومات حول الأزمة وقد عملت هذه المواقع أثناء الأزمة بحسن إدارتها ومواجهتها بسياسة المبادرة قبل رد الفعل. وأن أهداف دراستنا تتلخص في معرفة الموضوعات التي ركزت عليها مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي اتجاه ازمة المياه , والكشف عن الاساليب التي استخدمتها مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي للتوعية اتجاه ازمة المياه و وكذلك دراسة مصادر المعلومات التي اعتمدت عليها مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي التوعية اتجاه ازمة المياه , وأن مشكلة بحثنا تكمن في معرفة دور مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي أتجاه أزمة المياه في العراق . ومن أجل تحقيق الهدف وظف الباحث المنهج الوصفي الدراسة المسحية للجمهور وقد اعتمد الباحث على الاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات الضرورية ومن اجل انجاز البحث وتحقيق الأهداف التي يسعى اليها الباحث, وقد افرزت نتائج البحث أن (الاستعداد والوقاية) جاءت بالمرتبة الاولى من الفئات الرئيسة في أهم مراحل أدارة الازمات التي تساعد في مواجهة أزمة المياه في العراق, وقد كشفت نتائج البحث أيضاً أن اكدت نتائج الدراسة أن (بناء احتياطي من السمعة الحسنة للمؤسسة) بالمرتبة الاولى من بين الفئات الرئيسة التي تندرج ضمن ساهمت الانشطة والمهام الرئيسية لاتصالات الازمة في مواجهة أزمة المياه في العراق .

In ancient Greece, water was a symbol of change in mythology, as they believed that the dead drank water from a waterway (the corridor of oblivion), which represented a legendary river in the underworld, from which the dead drank to lose their old memories and everything associated with their old existence, in the last step before rebirth. Their new life. In many ancient cultures, water appeared as a source of creation and the origin of life. Legends also appeared that bathing or drinking water from a river or spring grants immortality. Rivers fascinated artists, especially with the emergence of the Impressionist school, and artists left their private studios to paint in the open air and observe the effect. Light and air on the elements of nature. At present, art is no longer distant or isolated from political and social issues. Therefore, more than one artist has chosen to express the importance of water in human life. Therefore, spring water has a significant position within the human psyche, gaining its inevitability from the manifestations of seas, rivers, and rain, especially in hot situations related to life issues. Social is a major event through which human development can be achieved to satisfy the desire amid the chaos of the general factors of the country. The aesthetic event in the theatrical performance conveys that evidence indicating the geography of the theatrical weather, the open space, and the public theater as a national symbol and linking it to the ancient Iraqi civilization. In this context, the researcher tries to shed light on the importance of using water. The nature of water within the theatrical performance, as it is a unique natural heritage, and one of the most important renewable formulas in the theatrical performance, the presence of water in these springs arouses in the soul the pleasure of watching when hearing the sounds of birds and other animals.

Abstract
The research aims to examine Iraq's water resources and methods to develop and protect them, as water research is regarded as a study of continued existence and progress. To accomplish the objective of this study, it has been partitioned into three primary segments. The initial half of the discourse focused on the economic significance of water resources, but the subsequent section delved into the origins of those resources. The present study examines the challenges hindering water resource development in Iraq. The third section thoroughly investigated these obstacles, resulting in significant research findings. The foremost finding highlights the critical future implications associated with the Iraqi water supply. Specifically, the study reveals that the water supply in Iraq is confronted with substantial issues, including reliance on water sourced from neighboring countries that disregard the binding agreements governing the allocation of water rights.
Furthermore, inadequate coordination with these nations regarding water policies exacerbates the situation. The researcher has identified various strategies for enhancing water resources in Iraq and safeguarding their sustainability. Among these strategies, the foremost is the implementation of recent legal frameworks, coupled with leveraging the ongoing political reconciliation with neighboring countries that share water basins with Iraq. Additionally, adopting international agreements securing Iraq's water rights is crucial.

Water is considered one of the most important basic foundations for economic security, especially in a country like Iraq that enjoys being an arid or semi-arid country with little rainfall. Recently, for many reasons, it has become one of the countries threatened by a real crisis that threatens its economy and agricultural revenues. Due to the impact of climate change, represented by declining amounts of rain and rising temperatures, and on the other hand, Iraq’s dependence on surface water, and geopolitical problems with neighboring countries around the waters of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Therefore, this study came to investigate the issue of the crisis to reveal the most important reasons behind it and then verify the effects that the crisis produced on the Iraqi economy and what is the future vision for possible solutions. One of the most important reasons that the researcher found is political conflicts with neighboring countries and the lack of optimal exploitation of rainwater and torrential rains coming from neighboring countries. Therefore, one of the most successful solutions is to settle all the problems that stand in the way of resolving the crisis, regulating water use, and exploiting seasonal water coming from neighboring countries for what it has. It has a direct impact on the economic stability of the country.
Opening words: water crisis, economic stability

This research aims to explain the most important legislative treatments in the field of investing in water resources in Iraq to contribute as much as possible to preserving and exploiting them in a way that contributes to the recovery of the national economy, especially since Iraq’s areas are open to investment in all fields to achieve economic renaissance, and from this standpoint we will try to shed light on the definition With investment and defining its types, we then shed light on the investment horizons in the field of water resources in light of the Iraqi Investment Law No. (13) of 2006, as well as the Investment Law in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq No. (3) of 2006. The law contained a number of advantages, privileges and facilities for the investor to attract him. On investment: Although these laws neglected to explicitly refer to investment in the field of water resources, their provisions were general and absolute.

Civil liability for pollution of the water environment is not based on a single basis; it may sometimes be based on error and may not be based on it. This is directly reflected in its elements, where it is based on three pillars and is subject in this case to the rules of civil liability in the conditions of its establishment to prove fault, damage and causality, and is required to pay it to prove the absence of fault or the availability of foreign cause or reason for the permissibility of error. Sometimes the injured person cannot achieve the objective of reparation for damage suffered even if the claimant prove the liability, to enable the defendant to establish the existence of public or private advocacies to civil liability.
Pay the responsibility
Civil responsibility
Pollution of the aquatic environment

Log in to edit the file and save your changes Civil liability resulting from river pollution in Iraq.
Water pollution represents one of the most important basic environmental problems, which is an expected result, given the increase in population, industrial development, the use of many resources, the weakness or absence of planning, and the failure to follow Appropriate methods to address the sources of such pollution
As Iraq lacks interest in the environment and protecting it from pollution, therefore, if the environmental effects are not appreciated, it leads to dangerous results, and this calls for a statement of the civil responsibility that results from this pollution .

The construction of dams on international rivers - including the Tigris and Euphrates - is one of the most important water installations known to mankind in its history and oldest water storage, irrigation, electricity generation, tourism, navigation and development industrial projects and may be a vital indicator of equity among citizens through the provision of the human right to water, At the same time, it may lead to tensions between States for violating the rules of international water law international law ", since the written and customary rules of international law as well as the principles of international law prevent the establishment of dams detrimental to the needs of riparian States, On the basis of the principles of non-harm to others, the duty to cooperate, notification of pollution and projects to be completed, and respect for the agreements concluded between the coastal States.

Scientific reports indicate that the amount of fresh water available for human consumption does not exceed 1%, despite the fact that 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water, and groundwater constitutes approximately 30% of the total fresh water, and this water is of great importance in areas that suffer from scarcity. Surface water, unlike surface water, human knowledge of groundwater resources is still limited despite its large size, quality and clarity, and the science of water related to groundwater has been developing rapidly, but it seems that this science deals with groundwater as a whole and does not distinguish between groundwater related to surface water and water Groundwater that is not connected to it, which is called confined groundwater, and the management of confined trans boundary groundwater is still in its infancy, and there is a clear need to initiate international cooperation for this purpose.
In spite of the importance of confined trans boundary groundwater, no global instrument has been officially approved regarding the use of confined trans boundary aquifers, so this study came to clarify what is meant by this water, and the principles and legal rules that regulate its use.
Keywords: surface water, connected trans boundary groundwater, confined trans boundary groundwater, legal rules.

The exacerbation of the problem of river pollution resulted in an imbalance in the natural balance of the environment as a result of a three-fold increase in the growth of the world’s population in the past century, which resulted in an increase in the demand for water for various uses and a decrease in the per capita share of fresh water (), at a time when humans began to live in an environmentally friendly environment. Whoever made it began to use industrial materials with modern and high technology, resulting in waste that exceeds the ability of natural environmental cycles to absorb it, which secreted foreign materials into environmental systems that had never previously been among their components. Environmental problems emerged that posed a danger to humans and their health, requiring them to confront them not only through modern scientific methods. But by providing legal protection for the riverine environment from pollution. After the Iraqi legislator became aware of the dangerous environmental effects resulting from river pollution, he issued a set of environmental legislation devoted to protecting the environment in general and water in particular. The legislator issued the Environmental Protection and Improvement Law No. (3) of the year (1997). with the aim of protecting and improving the environment, including territorial waters, from pollution and reducing its effects on health, environment and natural resources, setting the environmental policy and preparing the necessary plans for this in order to achieve sustainable development and thereby preventing the discharge of any industrial, agricultural, domestic or service wastes into rivers, water bodies or Groundwater unless the necessary treatments are carried out on it to ensure its conformity with environmental regulations, instructions, and determinants. Also, prohibit the discharge of oil residues or fuel residues into internal surface waters or regional waters. Also, prevent the throwing of waste, animal waste, carcasses, and waste into water sources, and prevent the discharge of any waste containing toxic substances. To sewage networks and water bodies, making them consistent with environmental controls and determinants, and imposing on anyone who violates the legal provisions mentioned above a penalty of imprisonment and a fine of not less than ten thousand dinars and not more than one hundred thousand dinars.

The risks resulting from environmental pollution have increased in most regions of the world as a result of industrial and technological development that has led to the destruction of the environment and the deterioration of its system through practices that disturb the environmental balance and cause pollution, which is considered one of the most severe challenges facing the environment and constitutes a serious threat to human health and public life.
Water is considered one of the most important natural resources on the surface of the Earth. Fresh rivers and lakes are considered the most valuable source of water and are the lifelines necessary for the survival of humans, animals and plants.
Water pollution is one of the most dangerous threats to humanity because humans are unable to do without water. Polluted water is a dangerous enemy of human society. This water kills millions of people every year in various parts of the world.
In many countries, it is no longer possible to solve the pollution problem by dumping pollutants into rivers and lakes due to the accumulation of dangerous polluting materials in a way that harms fresh water sources.
However, the primary purpose of providing this international legal protection for river water in particular, and through international protection for the environment in general, is to make people live better. This is called the human right to a clean environment, and it represents a human right represented by providing a decent life through which he can exercise his right to life. A person cannot live or continue to live unless he has three elements: clean water, clean air, and good land

Undoubtedly, water is an element that human beings and organisms cannot do without and live without. Water is the nerve of life, with which the life of the organism begins, and therefore various human activities take place. Where water has emerged, civilizations have been built, and where water has existed, man has lived and water wealth is of great importance and impact. As one of the most important pillars of national wealth, it plays an important and essential role in people's daily lives, agricultural and industrial production and electricity generation, as well as tourism, leisure and other uses affecting human life. and the survival and development of living organisms depends on the existence and abundance of water and Iraq's water wealth is immense, Not only are the two great rivers of Tigris and Euphrates, but there are many water bodies in Iraq that enhance the importance of water wealth, The penal protection of water resources has a profound impact on man's entity, property and wealth and that the Iraqi legislature, through legal and constitutional norms, provided legal protection for water wealth, Ensure that water resources are protected and protected from attacks and ensuring their viability, development, non-waste and joint efforts to achieve social and economic development.

Protection and Providing safe water is one of the most prominent duties of the government , and it is considered ahuman right to have access to safe water of the special nature,the lack of water resources means the disappearance of the life in all its forms,water pollution and the deterioration depletion and misuse it suffers from have become important issues in our present time.
Iraq is considered one of the countries are outside its territory which constitute more than 85% of its water resources , this was the main motivation for forcing the government to conclude a group of international agreements and legislate laws and regulations to protect them.

One of the main pillars in penal legislation is the application of the principle of criminal legality, which emphasizes that it (no crime and no punishment except by a text) and thus the powers of the penal judge were restricted, but this principle did not stipulate the need for the availability of the two parts of assignment and punishment in a single punitive legislation, and even did not even indicate that they must be available in a single punitive text, and in line with contemporary criminal policy trends and the rapid and frequent changes in the world, it became necessary to adopt the principle of the criminal rule on the whiteness of legislation - to see the effectiveness of the application - especially those concerned with protecting the environment from pollution, especially water, which is one of the basic elements in the environment and very important for man and other beings, affecting the totality of their vital activities.

The Penal Responsibility of Water Source Damage
This issue is considered one of the topics which is as significant as other issues due to the extreme importance of water in establishing civilizations. It is the essential source of all activities of development. Water issue is regarded a great political issue that received primacy among the important issues nationally and internationally due to its role in governing and developing human societies.
Iraq has an important strategic site among the region countries because it contains Tigris and Euphrates with all their water branches. The natural resources like water have an extreme importance since transforming these resources into commodity for some and a political economic weapon for others might raise the possibility of setting out wars and disputes as well as the dangers and threats (represented by weather and other natural disasters) related to these resources. In order to preserve water sources and prevent damaging them, the Iraqi legislator, as compared to other legislations, was interested in them and punish whoever cause damage to them. This was pointed out by the Iraqi legislator according to principle 13 of Iraqi Irritation Law no. 83 in 2017 which states that “…. Is punished with a fine no less than 1000000 dinars and no more than 5000000 dinars whoever commits one of the following actions: A- damaging or changing the water resources , ………. E – polluting or affecting water sources qualitatively and qualitatively in a form that they won’t be suitable for what they should be.

International water disputes are distinguished from other disputes in that they raise many disputes, due to their technical, practical and complex nature which ranges among legal, political and mixed disputes. In light of this bifurcation and the disputes occurring, the validity of judicial settlement means for such type of disputes must be investigated. Watercourses are regarded as a source for many conflicts between countries. This results from the predominance of political considerations at the expense of legal considerations through the use or exploitation of these watercourses, and from the lack of respect for the principles of International Water Law, foremost among them is the principle of water justice.
Peaceful means of settlement play an important role in resolving water disputes. Most disputes are resolved using political means before embarking on judicial means. Here, the focus must be on judicial means, most notably the International Court of Justice. It can also be proposed to establish a special court for international rivers in this context, especially after many disputes have arisen in various parts of the world revolving around international waterways. Due to the specificity of these disputes and their inclusion of legal, technical, geographical and engineering aspects, they require a specialized judiciary, similar to the International Court of the Seas.

Our dear country was subjected to a fierce attack by terrorist groups that targeted components of the Iraqi people directly by killing or terrorizing them, and they also targeted them indirectly by attacking the basic foundations of their lives, such as Iraqi rivers and ports. This last image is no less dangerous than direct terrorist crimes, as Rivers and ports are an important commercial hub for the state, and attacking them constitutes a crime that harms the country’s national economy. Because it is considered the backbone of that economy, whoever attacks Iraqi waters constitutes a threat to the country’s internal security, and as a result of this importance, we have paid attention to this issue.

Protecting the environment from pollutants has become necessary at the present time, as environmental problems have greatly worsened. Man’s pursuit of progress, civilization, and industrial or technical civilization has disturbed the balance of the environment and contributed strongly to its corruption and pollution. Therefore, research and studies - both scientific and legal - have turned to Paying attention to the environment and its problems, and ways to eliminate environmental pollution and protect environmental elements, especially during recent decades, at both the international and national levels. The environment represents the focus of human life, and God’s gift that He has bestowed upon us, so that we may live by it and carry out our mission in it, and this will only be possible by protecting and preserving it. Maintaining the balance and safety of the environment is a duty that falls on the state and individuals together, because environmental pollution causes harm to everyone, as every change is quantitative. Or how it can happen in the environment - whether intentionally or negligently - its bad effects will be reflected on all living things, the first of which is humans, so it was necessary for everyone to make every effort to protect the environment from pollution of all kinds, including pollution of water resources, which is no less dangerous. Or more important than other types of pollution, even though it is distinguished from other environmental pollutants by the lack of studies, research, and international and national concerns. Protecting public tranquility from all manifestations of noise, disturbance and disturbance is one of the most important demands of a healthy environment. What is the point of protecting a specific environment from all types of environmental pollution and achieving such protection on the ground - hypothetically - without providing healthy water resources in that environment? The answer to this question alone is It is sufficient to indicate the importance of this type of pollution to which water is exposed and the depth of its effects on the human environment, knowing that the question is also valid for other types of environmental pollution, which leads us to say that the issue of the environment, in its various forms and multiple aspects, deserves all attention and study.
Thanks to the phenomenon of urbanization and modern civilization brought about by technological progress and the industrial revolution, it can be said that the threat posed by water pollution to life is a new type of terrorism. In order to combat water pollution, and in order to provide comfort and stability for citizens, this matter requires criminalizing most of the acts that cause it. Punishing its perpetrators thus creates a crime called the crime of water pollution, which requires explaining its nature, its elements, and the penalty imposed on its perpetrators.

In this research, we have discussed one of the human rights, which is the right to water and water security, and we have noted how the concept of this right has developed.
Which did not exist independently of rights and was not as clear and clear as it is at the present time.
The human right to water security is clearly imposing itself on the international scene due to the importance of this right and its strategic and national dimension.
The strength it brings to countries is not limited to being one of the human rights that must be protected and worked to achieve.
We noted that this basic right, with its historical development, contributed to the development of international water law and directed international attention to the necessity of completing the axes of this law and crystallizing it in a way that serves the international community.
And what national legislation can derive from it to maintain the water security of its countries and thus achieve the protection of individuals’ right to this security.
We discussed the international and national mechanisms and efforts that have been prepared under international treaties, mentioned in the United Nations Charter and the Covenant on Economic and Social Rights. We also discussed joint work between the United Nations and Iraq to enhance water security in Iraq and thus preserve the human right to This is security.

Iraqi legislation in force plays an important role in addressing abuses on water, because it sets limits on preserving water resources and sets rules for their use in a sustainable and fair manner, and everyone must comply with them to preserve their quantity and quality and ensure their availability as a basic right. This right is the subject of important legal discussions. Interest in water resources intensified in the last third of the twentieth century due to its great importance in Iraq, which has become threatened by desertification and drought despite having two large rivers (the Tigris and Euphrates) The majority of countries, including Iraq, sought to meet the needs of their citizens for water in order to achieve water security and preserve water resources through the national water policy that aims to protect this resource, provide it, and ensure its sustainability. The problem of the subject of the research stems from the extent to which legislation is applied correctly and effectively, and we must point out that If the law is not strictly implemented and penalties are imposed on violators, the effect of the law will be limited.
Hence, this study comes to highlight the role of effective legal legislation in water conservation by addressing the legal texts in Iraqi legislation that stipulate water conservation and ways to address the violations that occur thereon.

Water represents the lifeblood of every country, as each country responsible of providing necessary legal protection for it by enacting legal legislation to protect and preserve it, as well as developing effective strategies to implement that protection, and the central government and local administrative authorities have to achieve this role.
This research focuses on the legal protection of water resources from pollution by referring to the legal legislations that organize that protection, most notable, the Iraqi penalties law No. 111 of 1969, as well as the Environmental Protection and Improvement Law No. 27 of 2009.
Moreover, it highlights the role of local administrative authorities in providing the necessary protection for water from pollution through their legal and administrative authorizations.
In our research, we will follow the method of the analytical and descriptive approach to the legislation, and at the end, we will present the most important results and proposals

One of the most important priorities for the advancement of societies and their access to better societies is the extent to which countries are able to invest their human energies, and that the success and sustainability of development programs depends on the participation of the human element and the good use of its diverse energy, each of which contributes as much as he can in building and stabilizing society. And since the process of human development is based on granting work and building opportunities to society without placing restrictions on narrow foundations that prevent some from contributing to building society, and since women are an active element in the development process and constitute an essential element for the process of sustainable development, so the advancement of women is Empowering them and establishing legal rules to protect those rights is one of the main pillars of society's development and progress and advancement.

The marine environment is the broad field of human life, interacting with it, influencing it and being affected by it. She had and continues to suffer from many problems that left their mark on her. This includes our air, the soil of our land, and our water, not to mention the noise that people cannot escape today. These problems are in fact just crimes against the environment and against creatures. Therefore, public authorities in most countries of the world combat environmental pollution in various ways, and have put in place the protection and security measures that they deem necessary. for this purpose. Improving the environment and avoiding pollution, and since countries are able to bear the burden of protecting the environment and their first priority is to regulate the activities of individuals who cause damage and problems to the environment, resorting to enacting legislation to protect the environment is of great importance in proving that such legislation cannot address environmental risks and protect environment explicitly. After its recognition as one of the human rights that states are obligated to protect, legislation dedicated to protecting the environment was enacted, indicating a large number of tasks to national authorities, as they take a serious stance against environmental disasters and the need to restore ecological balance. The source of the disease to become a refuge for individuals to prevent these risks and to increase the number of violations of laws dedicated to protecting the environment, and the need for professional personnel and advanced scientific equipment has led to confusion in the work of national legislative bodies in determining effective methods that can be used to protect the environment. Quick Impact If this task is assigned to local agencies, they usually lack the experience, means and capacity to carry out the task of protecting and improving the environment. Therefore, countries have formed different ways and approaches in dealing with environmental protection issues, and diverse affected and affected parties are involved in environmental protection issues as one of many state agencies whose activities lead to environmental damage and pollution while relying on others to contribute to marine environmental protection issues

Water scarcity is represented by the decrease in water levels flowing from neighboring countries (Turkey, Iran, Syria) due to weak coordination with them, the large number of dams built by these countries, the decrease in water storage, and violations of the water quota. And the climate change that all countries of the world are witnessing, and that countries that fail to provide water are abandoning their growth potential and increasing their political, economic and social vulnerabilities, and that reliance on shared, cross-border water increases the risk rate continuously, and failure to address the challenges of water scarcity adds to There are significant negative repercussions for which appropriate solutions must be found through the enactment of legislation that contributes to preserving water in terms of its quality and quantity and preventing its pollution.

The rules contained in the criminal law aim to secure and reconcile two conflicting rights, namely the right of the individual and the right of the group, and when the legislator decides to consider some acts as crimes because doing or leaving them harms the society’s system, its customs, traditions, beliefs, the lives of its members, their money, their honor, or other things. The considerations that the legislator finds worthy of preservation, and because the prohibition of an act or the order to do it is not sufficient to compel individuals to obey, the punishment has been prescribed for every individual to comply with that. Social values and interests, in general and in particular, are subject to the needs and interests of society. The legislator is not free to specify those values and interests and to choose the appropriate legal means to provide protection for them and remove the contradiction and negativity that may result from protecting an interest over other interests, as he is responsible for achieving consistency and unity for the values and interests of society. Rather, it is subject in all of this to the conditions and needs of society, influenced by its traditions, values, economic, social and political systems, and its various interests. Criminalization in all its forms criminalizes, justifies, or exempts the means of society in order to provide the maximum protection for a range of basic interests and fundamental values of society, including ensuring the protection of economic security.

The water is the basic life artery and a major liability is one of the comprehensive contemporary development elements with all its economic, social and environmental components, and providing and securing water for every member of society is one of their basic rights that are guaranteed by the constitutions of states, heavenly laws and human rights. The people of Kuwait have had various ways and means to obtain drinking water, for them and their hearts and their crafts, and the geographical location of Kuwait was a neighbor adjacent to Iraq, which necessitates resorting to bringing water from the water of the Shatt al -Arab wasted in the sea, through trips and ships, and within the laws and controls of its municipal year for safety and public health . In 1914, Sheikh Mubarak thought of the construction of a small station to distillation of sea water, and the station was operated in 1919, and this first experience is considered a failure. In addition to technical problems, water was in terms of quality less quality than the water of the Shatt al -Arab at a higher cost, and in 1947 Sheikh Jaber Al -Ahmad thought Al -Sabah in a second operation to distill water when the oil revenues began to increase, and in 1951, Kuwait Company established the first real station to distilize sea water in Al -Ahmadi Port, and in 1953 a second station was opened in Shuwaikh, and thus stopped permanently supplying the water of the Shatt al -Arab.

Water is the most important resource that exists on the surface of the Earth at all, without it there is no life, and the planet is called the water planet. Water sources on the surface of the Earth are diverse, from natural sources granted by God Almighty to man, and others created through which man sought to treat the damage to the environment that led to the desertification of areas. Vast agricultural land. The researcher tried to expose both the regular and new methods of water sources after talking about the definition of water and its legal nature. Then the researcher went on to talk about the means of protection established by the national legislator for the environment and those established by the international legislator through many international agreements concerned with protecting the environment from desertification.
It remains to say that the whole matter depends on an international and national will to eliminate the phenomenon of desertification globally and locally.

If we look at the foundations and
principles that Islam has
established in controlling human
behavior in dealing with the
environment and its resources,
we find that these foundations
that Islam brought in protecting
and preserving the environment.
The sublimity and perfection of
pollution has exceeded the level
reached by Western scholars, and
it is sufficient for us to realize the
temporal priority of concepts,
rules and principles. Islam was
founded over fourteen centuries,
and in the past, although people
have always said that
environmental issues are new,
what we can confirm is that these
rules and principles are the ABCs
of Islam, which explains them
comprehensively and deeply.
When it comes to protecting the
aquatic environment, we find
that Islam has established many
controls and legislation to ensure
the protection of this precious
blessing from pollution or
overuse.
Therefore, water is considered a
sacred element in Islam, and
targeting or polluting it is
considered a serious crime. It is
believed that water is a gift from
God, and must be used and
protected with caution. Islam
encourages sustainability and the
preservation of natural
resources, including water, and
considers wasting and wasting
water unacceptable behavior,
and Muslims must use it. With
wisdom and appreciation, water
is one of the greatest blessings
that God Almighty has bestowed
on man because water is the
secret of life. Therefore, the main
goal of protecting water sources
is to preserve this precious vital
resource and ensure its
sustainability for current and
future generations. The research
ةعيرشلا لظ يف هايملا رداصم ةيامح ةيملاسلإا ....... ........ ( .................. 1001 )

included two sections and each
section has two requirements. I
addressed It includes an
explanation of the concept of
water and its importance. Our
study for this research also
included an analysis of the legal
evidence from the Holy Qur’an
and the Sunnah of the Prophet,
which confirms the right to water
as a basic human right, as well as
addressing the objectives of
legality to protect water sources
through a review of the legal
provisions and principles that call
for the protection and
preservation of water. With an
explanation of the role of the
individual and society in
protecting water sources.
Keywords (water - Islamic law -
moderation - extravagance -
individual - society)