JOURNAL OF KUFA FOR CHEMICAL SCIENCES

The purpose of this paper is to prepare an educational curriculum according to the
imagination and the strategy of random stimulation, the movement of the arms with breathing
in the free swimming for young people, in addition to identifying the effect of the educational
curriculum according to the imagination and the strategy of random stimulation in learning the
movement of the arms with breathing in the free swimming for young people as well as
identifying the preference effect between the educational curriculum according to imagination
and the strategy of random arousal and the curriculum prepared by the teachers of the subject
in learning the movement of the arms with breathing in the free swimming for young people.
The researchers used the experimental approach to solve the research problem. As for the
research community and sample, the research community was identified with young people, the
first stage of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Sulaimani,
whose number is (154) players. The sample was selected by a simple random method (lottery)
from the research community with a strength of (16) players, "where it represented (5.19%) of
the research community, and they were divided into two groups (control, experimental) equally
in the random way. The most important conclusions: The imagination curriculum based on
random excitation had a positive effect on learning and developing the free-swimming skill.
The most important recommendations: The researchers recommend relying on the use of
random stimulation strategy in teaching various swimming skills.

In the present work, silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O-NPs) were used as an adsorption surface for removing nickel and lead ions from aqueous solutions, the surface properties were studied using various techniques like Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra shown the functional groups present in the synthesis silver oxides nanoparticles, X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline nature of Ag2O-NPs with a crystallite size 38.69 nm, field emission scanning-electron-microscopy(FE-SEM) images showed that the Ag2O-NPs has spherical shape, and the presence of elemental silver signals of the silver oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis spectrum.
Adsorption experiments were carried out in order to determine the effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature on adsorption capacity, as well as to track the removal of Ni (II) and Pb(II) by Ag2O nanoparticles. Experiments showed that 50 min was a good choice as the ideal contact time to remove Ni (II) and Pb(II) ions, the optimal quantity of adsorption is approximately 200 (mg/l), and the optimal temperature that can be used to remove Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions is 298K. The results showed that both Ag(I) and Ni(II) could be effectively removed from aqueous solutions.

The tetrahedral paramagnetic di-cobaltous complex is an important class of coordination compounds that have many applications in various fields such as catalysis, single molecular magnet SMM, and spintronics[1], using BP86 functional[24] with def2-TZVP[25], basis set, while the broken symmetry theoretical method was conducted by B3LYP functional, the reactivity of the synthesized paramagnetic di cobaltous [Co2LI2OH] + complex[2] can be enhanced by the lowering HOMO-LUMO gap effect of oxo bridging ligand instead hydroxo ligand, also from the different theoretical approaches for calculating the exchange coupling constant to tetrahedral paramagnetic di-cobaltous complex, we found that the best approach was achieved by Noodlman treatment[3], also for such chemical environments the best calculated spin population was generated by Mulliken spin analysis.

This study's objective is to assess the Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in sera of leukemia patients and control group. In the present study we measured the concentration of serum levels of carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), pyrraline, Nitric Oxide (NO), Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione (GSH) in leukemia patients and control group. This study was performed on 80 individuals, 50 children, men and women with leukemia patients (20 females and 30 males) and 30 healthy individuals (children, women and men, 12 females and 18 males) as control group who had no leukemia. The results show that the median and mean serum level of each CML, MDA and GSH are significantly, but CAT and SOD are insignificantly higher in leukemia patients than in control group (CML= 479.3 (411.1, 545.4) ng/ml (p value <0.0001), (MDA= 175.7 (160.8, 191.8) ng/ml (p value= 0.0357), (GSH= 5.772 ± 0.3615) μg/ ml (p value= 0.0194), (CAT= 6.857 (6.281, 7.425) ng/ml (p value= 0.8193) and (SOD= 1.111 (0.8918, 1.478) ng/ml (p value= 0.0891). The median serum level of Pyrraline and NO are insignificantly lower in leukemia patients compared to control group (Pyrraline= 156.9 (137.3, 179.0) pg/ml (p value = 0.8995) and (NO= 119.3 (96.66,192.6) μmol/L (p value= 0.2289). The correlation analysis demonstrates that there are significantly positive correlations between serum CML and MDA (r= 0.3487) (p value= 0.0152) and between serum pyrraline with MDA (r= 0.3838) (p value = 0.0093) and GSH (r= 0.3371) (p value= 0.0236).

The term "nano gold," also known as "gold nanoparticles," is commonly used. These particles are extremely small, with a diameter of less than 100 nm, which is only a fraction of the width of a human hair. Due to their tiny size, nano gold particles are often found in a colloidal solution, where they are suspended in a liquid stabilizer. This colloidal gold is essentially another name for nano gold. The main method for producing gold nanoparticles in a colloidal solution is the citrate synthesis technique, which involves combining different solutions to precipitate the gold nanoparticles[1 5]. In biological systems, copper complexes play a significant role at the active sites of many metalloproteins. These complexes have potential applications in various catalytic processes that occur in living organisms, such as electron transfer reactions and the activation of specific antitumor substances. These processes are relevant in the fields of medicinal chemistry and bioinorganic chemistry. The interaction of copper chelates with biological systems and their noteworthy activities against neoplastic, bacterial, fungal, and cancerous cells are also important. Many copper (II) N, S, O / N, N donor chelators function as effective anticancer agents due to their ability to bind with DNA base pairs[6 10]. Using hydrophilic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as carriers for copper complexes is a novel and purposeful strategy that Could raise these compounds' stability and solubility in H2O aqueous., thus enhancing their bioavailability. The regulated release of Cu complexes made possible by this method also creates the possibility for fruitful in vivo and in vitro tests. The definition, significance, and numerous applications of copper complexes in connection to nanogold are presented in this review study[11 15].

Muscle weakness is a common comorbidity of several severe diseases which results in a reduced independence and quality of life and for the afflicted patients. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a disease characterized by a chronic inflammation of the joints, commonly report of muscle weakness as a complication. Muscle weakness is the result of reduced muscle size and intramuscular impairments (i.e., intrinsic muscle dysfunction).

Nanostructures of metal oxides of TiO2 and α-Fe2O3 were prepared through the hydrothermal method. Also α-Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites are that prepared by the hydrothermal technique using and α-Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites are mixed in an equal ratio. The properties of the prepared compounds wear investigated through Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-rays diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) The images of FE-SEM have confirmed that the prepared TiO2 and α-Fe2O3NPs are structured as (Nanoparticles, plate-structure) respectively, and α-Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites are mixed in the equal ratio is structured as (spherical like structure). The results of the X-rays diffraction indicated the presence of TiO2 and α-Fe2O3 a(Tetragonal, and Hexagonal ) respectively. with the average crystallite sizes( 8.65,7.10 , and 9.87) nm, forTiO2 , α-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3/TiO2 respectively .The optical properties of prepared compounds was studied through UV-Vis Spectroscopy. The optical band gap is (3.0, 1.6 and 2.7) ev for TiO2, α-Fe2O3 NPs and α-Fe2O3/ TiO2 nanocomposites. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) fabricated depending on TiO2, α-Fe2O3 NPs and α-Fe2O3/TiO2/ nanocomposites are casted onto Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) substrates front electrode. while the back electrode is a carbon/FTO-glass substrate. Green leek dye and red pomegranate dye were used as two natural dyes, while iodine /iodide KI/ I2 was used as the electrolyte solution.. The solar cells efficiency rates (0.65, 1.38 and 0.96) for TiO2, α-Fe2O3Nps and α-Fe2O3/TiO2/ nanocomposites/red pomegranate dye respectively. and The solar cells' efficiency rates are (0.69, 1.93 and 1.29) for TiO2, and α-Fe2O3/TiO2/ nanocomposites/ green leek dye respectively.

New benzimidazole derivatives (benzimidazole-nitrone) were synthesized from the condensation of o-phenylene diamine with p-amino benzaldehyde in the presence of (P-TsOH\EtOH). Then the benzimidazole compounds that containing an imine group were oxidized to obtain a nitrone group by used peracetic acid and identified by FT-IR, H1-NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. All compounds applied to the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus gave a different result. The compounds which have (OH, Br, Cl, OCH3) groups appeared activity as anti-bacterial while compound (2) when R=H don’t have activity for each type of bacteria that used.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN is a dreaded consequence of Type2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), accounting for about 40% of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Aim: finding a predictive and tracking function of kidney failure and generalizing it as a clinical diagnostic method effective, and finding related to the development of complications of this disease with age, gender, familiar History, smoking and area of residence. Subjects: Study was conducted at a single center in Iraq from the beginning of February to the end of July 2021,The 90 individual were divided into 2 groups, of which 50 were chronic renal failure patients with T2D, and 40 were age and sex matched controls.
Methods: The Insulin and HbA1C% levels was measured by using sandwich ELISA technique and a sandwich immune detection method respectively, A spectrophotometric method was applied to measure concentrations of urea, creatinine and glucose, in serum samples, then the urea-creatinine ratio and HOMA-IR were calculated mathematically. Results: There were significant elevated differences (p<0.05) for all parameters in the patient group compared to healthy controls. Moreover, ANOVA test showed significant (p<0.05) variation when Urea, Creatinine, Glucose, HOMA-IR and HbA1C % levels were compared between the same sex in the two subgroups, while the test showed significant (p<0.05) variation for only males when Urea: Creatinine ratio and Insulin levels were compared between the same sex. Conclusion: It can be dependable on investigations of Urea, Creatinine, Urea: Creatinine ratio Glucose, Insulin, HOMA-IR and HbA1C % as good prognostic indicators for diagnosis renal failure resulting from complications of DM.

Preparation of new complexes of silver(I) and palladium(II)-NHC using imidazolium salts were derived through methylimidazole with 2-chloro-N-(4-chlorophenyl) acetamide under certain conditions of temperature and certain solvents, to be synthesized silver complex from the reaction of substituted imidazolium salts with Ag2O using in situ deprotonation technique giving derived structures in good yield. To synthesis Pd(II)-NHC complexes using the transmetallation technique were used Ag(I)-NHC complexes as transfer reagents to prepare their respective. The free ligands and their complexes were characterized based on (FT-IR, Melting point, TLC, 1HNMR, 13C-NMR, high-resolution mass spectra and UV). The biological activity studies show , the antibacterial activity of (5) is the highest and showed good inhibition against the tested bacteria even more than the azithromycin. A moderate activity for the complex (3), low activity for the ligand (2) have been shown.

pyrazoline was synthesized as a derivative, then the polymerization of pyrazoline was carried out with fusidic acid and zinc oxide. All the physical properties affecting the construction process, such as Thin-layer chromatography, solubility, the effect of buffer solutions, and temperatures, were studied. Physical diagnostics such as DSC, TGA, and FT-IR were also investigated. The study of the biological activity of the polymer resulting from the interaction of pyrimidine with fusidic acid and zinc oxide, where the study was conducted against three types of bacteria, and the results of the study were compared with the activity of fusidic acid alone once and with zinc oxide alone again as a control. The results showed that the process of polymerization of pyrazoline with fusidic acid and zinc oxide gives more excellent results against bacteria compared to fusidic acid alone and zinc oxide alone.

Scientists used the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) to calculate and interpret various electron density parameters for a di-rhenium bis(triphenylphosphine) carbonyl cluster containing sulfuric and hydrido bridge: [Re2(CO)6(μ-S)(μ-H)(PPh3)2]. They compared data from previous organometallic system studies to the bond critical points. The researchers could compare the topological processes of various atom-atom interactions based on these findings.
The calculations showed that there were no bond critical points or identical bond paths between Re-Re in the core of the cluster. The electron density distribution was affected by the position of bridging hydride and sulfur atoms coordinated to Re-Re, which significantly affected the bonds between these transition metal atoms. However, the calculations did confirm the presence of a 6c–8e bonding interaction delocalized over HRe2SP2 in the cluster.
The scientists found that the Re-H and Re-S bonds in this cluster exhibited typical closed-shell interactions, with small values for ρ(b) and Laplacian ∇2ρ(b) above zero and small positive values for total energy density H(b). Similarly, the bond interactions between phosphine metal atoms and the C atoms of the phenyl ring ligands showed properties similar to open-shell interactions in the QTAIM classification.

Cardiovascular diseases is the main reason of mortality in developed and developing nations. Atherosclerosis is the major source of morbidity and mortality. The main cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is the atherosclerotic plaques formation. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), such as Nε-(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML) and pentosidine (PTD) are implicated in vascular disease. The important risk factor for atherosclerosis is the imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidants. This study is aimed to evaluate the serum AGE, oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in atherosclerotic patients to compare with control group.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in men, and the design of new chemical compounds against prostate cancer is one of the challenges faced by modern medicine. In this study, we prepared and characterized a new series of thiohydantoin derivatives by reacting maleimide derivatives (1C-4) with cyclohexyl isothiocyanate.The prepared compounds were diagnosed using (FT-IR ,1H-NMR ,13C-NMR ).MTT assay was used to determine the activity of the prepared compounds against prostate cancer cell lines, as the data indicated, based on IC50 values, that the prepared compounds do not have anti-prostate cancer activity. The prepared compounds were also studied against selected types of bacteria and fungi, as the data indicated that some of the prepared series compounds had anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity under study, as the compound 4C showed a high anti-staph activity.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in men, and the design of new chemical compounds against prostate cancer is one of the challenges faced by modern medicine. In this study, we prepared and characterized a new series of thiohydantoin derivatives by reacting maleimide derivatives (1C-4) with cyclohexyl isothiocyanate.The prepared compounds were diagnosed using (FT-IR ,1H-NMR ,13C-NMR ).MTT assay was used to determine the activity of the prepared compounds against prostate cancer cell lines, as the data indicated, based on IC50 values, that the prepared compounds do not have anti-prostate cancer activity. The prepared compounds were also studied against selected types of bacteria and fungi, as the data indicated that some of the prepared series compounds had anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity under study, as the compound 4C showed a high anti-staph activity.

A deep eutectic solvent type four was created by combining 1:4 lithium chloride and 1,2 propanediol. The physical characteristics of pure DES and NiCl2.6H2O in DES with various additions such as H2O, Triton X100, Boric acid, and Nicotinic acid were examined. The results reveal that H2O and Triton X100 have a good improvement in increased conductivity and density, which is highly essential in electrodeposition applications. The UV-Vis spectra of 0.2 M NiCl2.6H2O solutions in DES in the presence and absence of additives were measured. In the absence of additives, we observed peaks at (402, 284, and 219) nm. When we added additives, we saw a blue shift. The results showed a blue shift when additives were added. Also the physical characteristics of CuCl2.2H2Oin DESs and with various additions such as Triton X100, Triton X114, Twien20 and Twien80. The results reveal that Twien80 and Triton X100 have a good improvement in increased conductivity and density, Too the UV-Vis spectra of 0.2 M CuCl2.2H2O solutions in DES in the presence and absence of additives were measured. Show that some of additives does not effect in UV-Vis spectrum such as twin 20 rather than other additives.

In this study, we synthesized one azo compound (S19) and then condensat this compound with a carbonyl compound to give a Schiff base (S20) as the key step. The next step Schiff base reacted with some Amino acids and Anhydrides by cycloaddition reaction to give five-membered (S22, S23) and seven-membered (S21, S24) heterocyclic compounds. The chemical Structure for of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by using spectroscopic techniques (IR and NMR). In addition, tested their biological activity against Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli displayed good activity.

Galectin-3(Gal-3) belongs to lectins family binding β-galactoside that have at least one of the carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) in their own structure, which located on chromosome 14 (14q22.3).Gal-3Plays an important role in modulating cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Therefore, LGALS3 gene, encoding galectin-3 protein, which
considered promising candidate for the genetic study of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs),and evaluating the association between LGALS3 gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility and prognosis of myocardial infarction(MI) .Gal-is a pleiotropic molecule expressed on the cell membrane, within the cytoplasm or the nucleus. It has been proposed to function as a mediator of inflammation, fibrosis, cell adhesion, apoptosis, and chemotaxis. It is highly expressed in macrophages within and atherosclerotic plaques.galectin-3 can mediate production of profibrotic factors and collagen accumulation in a variety of diseases. The role of galectIn-3 in regulating macrophage invasion and consequent modulation of atherosclerotic plaque phenotype. Finally, the current study concluded that the amount of LGALS-3 gene expression is related to rs4652 SNP variant in patients with MI due toT2D complications

When blood flow to the heart muscle is impeded, fat and cholesterol build up on the inner wall of the heart, causing coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and sudden cardiac death are just a few of the diseases that can occur in CAD as a result of atherosclerosis. A catheter is used during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), also known as angioplasty, a non-surgical procedure to squeeze a balloon or stent into a narrowing area to restore blood flow to the myocardium. Therefore, it is treated with medication to widen or open up the veins in the heart muscle that contain plaque accumulation that results in stenosis in order to avoid the coronary artery blockage from occurring again. The key CVD risk factor is lipid profile and some biochemicals parameters, and each kind these parameters are associated with an increase in the incidence of MI. Anabolic processes, energy metabolism, and blood sugar levels are all controlled by the hormone insulin. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is frequently used to measure the average blood glucose levels of a person based on the age. The resulting values also help to diagnose diabetes mellitus by determining the blood sugar level. Elevated aminotransferase levels indicating liver function, have attracted great concern as potential novel markers of cardiovascular risk assessment. Although blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and electrolytes is not the mainstay of diagnosis in MI patients, they may have a role in providing a more detailed view of the complications and mortality rates

To recognize the role of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 CTLA4 gene polymorphism (rs231775A/G) in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients and a study its correlation with other clinical data.

Electron density of the interaction of the compound's chemical bonding has been computed using topological analysis. The findings suggest that Os-Os, Os-N, and Os-H bonds have experienced bond critical points (BCP) with corresponding bonds paths (BP). The presence of N-C bridging atoms is significantly impacted by electron density of Os2-Os3 bond distribution therefore no critical point found and bond path. So, due to their positive electron density (b), negative laplacian 2(b), and positive the total energy density H(b) values, the Os-NC, Os-H, and Os-CO bonds all have transit closed-shell topological properties

Two new copolymers (T1, T2) were prepared, namely (Undecyl acrylate). (Pentadecyl acrylate). With (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid. )The prepared compounds were identified by (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, CHN).The copolymers were study as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in (HCl) solution (1M) where the corrosion rate was measured by weight loss method. The weight loss measured indicate that the copolymers (T1, T2) were prevent and efficiently (93.3,97.3%) corrosion of inhibitors respectively at a time (2 h), concentration (1M) and a temperature of 30 °C.

The New Heterocyclic ligand 4-chloro-2-(((4-((4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) diazenyl ) benzyl)imino)methyl) phenol (4Cl-2DIBP) was prepared from the condensation of para-aminobenzylamine with 4,5-diphenyl imidazole, followed by the condensation of the resulting compound with 5- chloro-2- hydroxy benzaldehyde. Different analytical and characterization techniques including (Mass,1HNMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis. spectroscopy and C.H.N elemental analysis) in the investigation of Newly prepared ligand. A series of Novel solid metal complexes of this ligand with Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn ((II), Cd (II), and Hg (II) were prepared and all complexes were characterization by techniques above, excluding the Mass and the 1H-NMR spectroscopy of some prepared solid metal complexes and the use of flame atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the percentages of metal ions in the prepared complexes also studied the magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity of the metal complexes dissolved in DMSO at 1 × 10-3 M concentration laboratory temperature. The results of this studies showed that the coordination sites for the new Azo-Schiff base ligand with Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn ((II) , Cd (II) and Hg(II) were to be through nitrogen of the imidazole ring, and the nitrogen of azo group,. The Electronic spectral and magnetic measurement data predict octahedral structure of the complexes. All complexes showed that Non-electrolytes properties.

The present study was disigned to invistigate the effect of plasmin-plasminogen system variable which is plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) on the occurrence of the development of malignant and benign tumors. In addition to illustrate the oxidative stress effect on the malignant and benign tumors occuring and complication progress. Which involving Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2. On the other hand, current study amied to nominate the most suitable variant as an effective tumor marker