Regional Studies Journal

The research aims to shed light on the issue of Iraqi-Turkish relations, during 2011-2023, in the political and diplomatic fields. The importance of the research lies in addressing the developments that have occurred in the relations between the two countries during the above period, especially with the security and political developments in the region, including the ISIS war in Iraq in 2017 and the repercussions of the war, the expansion of the activities of the Kurdistan Workers' Party in Iraq, the referendum in the Kurdistan region and water problem between the two countries. The research included a preface and six basic themes, as well as an introduction and conclusion. One of the most important results of the research is that the common strategic interests between the two countries should be the main guide for relations between them; through which constructive dialogue aimed at solving outstanding problems is launched to achieve common interests between them.

The research aims to show the extent of the development of the Iranian nuclear program, to document and track the Saudi strategy towards this program, as well as to discuss the hypothesis that both Iran and Saudi Arabia will acquire nuclear weapons in the future. The research studied the subject through four sections; the first one involved the emergence and development of the Iranian nuclear program. The second stated Saudi Arabia's position on this program. The third section discussed the hypothesis of Iran's possession of nuclear weapons. The fourth one included the hypothesis of Saudi Arabia's possession of nuclear weapons within the strategy of balance of power with Iran. The most important conclusion is that the nuclear program has reached advanced stages and Saudi Arabia is willing to prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon, and if this is not possible, it will move towards acquiring a similar one.

The basic idea of the research is to shed light on the minutes and details of American history based on the fact that the sum of those details is what draws and shapes the final picture of society and the State in the United States of America. The research aims to study and analyze a phenomenon characterized by its clear and influential presence in American society, which is the phenomenon of high rates of extremism and the emergence of parties and movements representing it. As for the importance of research, it is linked to the great significance that the United States of America represents at all levels, so studying and analyzing its history remains a substantial requirement and an academic necessity that provides us with more understanding of the policies and orientations of that pivotal country. The research has been divided into three sections; the first one is a brief biography of the life of the founder of the party and also included the most prominent visions and ideas that he was advocating. The second section highlighted the founding history of the party and the most prominent stations that he went through. The third and last section involved the stage of defections and multiple leaderships that followed the death of the founder. The research concluded that the United States of America has characteristics that make it a suitable environment for the emergence and growth of extremist currents

The research aims to shed light on the most prominent Kurdish attitudes towards political events in Iraq, especially the revolution of July 14, 1958, and al-Shawaf uprising in 1959, and the repercussions of these positions on the relations between Iraqi governments and Kurdish forces in that era. The importance of the research comes from the specificity of the stage it covers in which the country witnessed a state of political conflict and instability, which resulted in the fall of the monarchy and its repercussions on the political situation in Iraq and the position of the Kurds on those events. The research consisted of a preface and two sections, the first one is about the position of the Kurds on the revolution of July 14, 1958. The second section is about the Kurds and the uprising of Abdul Wahab al-Shawaf in Mosul in 1959. The research came out with several results, the most significant of which is that the Kurds' stand with the new political system and their support for the new republican system, as well as their stand against al-Shawaf uprising in Mosul, was intended to obtain their rights and demands, which were long rejected by the monarchy before its fall in 1958.

The study aimed to provide a reading of realistic theory in international relations by studying the theoretical and intellectual origins, the criticisms that were directed at it, and projecting its applications on the two cases: the US occupation of Iraq in March 2003, and the Russian war on Ukrainian territory in February 2022. The importance of the study is highlighted by the fact that it deals with a key topic in which it reviews an paramount theory of international relations that is still strongly present in international politics which is the realistic theory that confirmed its presence in the interpretation and analysis of events and crises in the contemporary world. The study came in three sections; the first one is the intellectual and philosophical origins of the realistic theory. The second section is a critique of realistic theory. The third one is realism in the application and external behavior (the two cases: the US occupation of Iraq in 2003, and the Russian war on Ukraine in 2022. The study relied on several approaches in interpretation and analysis, namely the descriptive and analytical approach, the approach of the elite of power, and the forward-looking approach. The study concluded that: realistic behavior in international relations still enjoys a clear presence in the practice of international politics through the use of force by the great and major powers with the goal to achieve their vital interests without regard to international laws, bodies, organizations, and institutions governing international relations.

The research aims to analyze the options related to the developments of the crisis of the Iranian nuclear program and the extent of its impact on Iraq, as it is the most affected arena linked to the nature of the US-Iranian relations and their tendency towards consensus or conflict. The study concluded that the developments may move towards one of three possibilities, each of which has a different impact on all levels. These possibilities fluctuate between maintaining the status quo or reaching a comprehensive and final agreement, and the last and most dangerous is that the negotiations have a dead end and the inability to reach an agreement. There is no doubt that the agreement will have direct effects at the local, regional, and international levels, as reviving the nuclear agreement can lead to the restoration of security and stability throughout the Middle East region, especially Iraq, in addition to reducing pressure on Iran and supplying the market with Iranian oil and gas, which will reflect positively on International dealing with the Syrian crisis, and with the developments of the situation in Iraq towards stability as well, will affect the balance of power in the Arab Gulf region and the Middle East in general and change the map of alliances therein. Most likely, the agreement will not mean in any way that America or Iran will give up its interests and areas of influence in Iraq, as much as it is a process of agreement on the distribution of areas of influence in it, like a \"new Sykes-Picot\" with Iraq as its center.

The research aims to shed light on the nature of Israeli strategies aimed at dividing Sudan. The importance of the research lies in highlighting the role of Israeli strategies in providing support of all kinds to militants in South Sudan which led to the separation of the southern region and the declaration of the State of South Sudan in 2011. What is new in the research is that the Israeli support was not random, but came through a strategic planning aimed at dividing Sudan which happened later, and it is trying hard to separate Darfur in preparation for declaring the Darfur region as an independent state. The research contains three sections; the first one is the development of Israeli strategies toward Sudan. The second section discussed the strategy of Israeli support for rebel movements in South Sudan. The third one focused on the strategy of Israeli support for rebel movements in Darfur. The research came out with several conclusions, the most significant of which is that the Israeli support strategies to divide Sudan aim to weaken Arab national security in general and Egyptian national security in particular which comes through the dividing Sudan.

The research aims to shed light on the nature of integration within the framework of international human rights law and international humanitarian law and to identify its most important justifications and forms. The significance of the research lies in the statement of the key topics that have become the common ground and represent the focus of attention of both laws, as well as the extent to which integration is possible between them and highlighting the role of the United Nations agencies in achieving this integration. The research included two main sections: the first one is the definition of integration in the field of international law and the second section is about the types of integration: substantive and personal integration and functional integration. The research came out with several results, the most prominent of which is that the ideal and the ultimate goal sought by both international human rights law and international humanitarian law is to protect the human being and then subject to dual protection, and that the view that each of the two laws is separate from the other and completely independent in terms of the protection it provides began to fade because there is a real complementary relationship and harmony between their rules in the application, especially after the issuance of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949, which included the protection of civilians during armed conflicts.

The research aims to explain the legal system of open government by defining the concept of this type of government and its development and the benefits achieved through its application as well as the requirements for its establishment. Today, open government is of great significance in achieving democracy in the field of administrative field of the executive authority, due to the basic principles it enshrines, represented in publicity in the administrative field and the participation of individuals in the administration and the decision-making process. This importance prompted most countries to adopt strategic plans to implement the idea of open government. Realistically, the positive results achieved are noted by the open government concerning the countries that adopted it, especially the developed countries. Given the issue of the legal system of open government, we are obliged to study its concept and origin and to consider the basic and complementary legal requirements necessary for its establishment. Open government is a means to improve public services and achieve speed, efficiency, and equality in the performance of these services for the individuals who benefit from them, and the application of the principle of transparency and the existence of a law that guarantees the right of individuals to view and obtain information and administrative documents is the first and most important step for the establishment of an open government.

This research aims to “study the relationship between education and technical change and their effects on economic growth in a disparate sample of developing countries.” The problem of spending on education is that it is constrained by determinants such as population growth and global technological development, therefore, the importance of the subject lies in the difficulties of sustainable economic growth. The research assumes that "educational spending and the spread of technical imports are two substantial sources of economic growth." The relationships were estimated for a sample of twenty developing economies and obtained several conclusions, most notably: that education always has significant effects on performance as measured by gross domestic product and economic growth; It has a two-year delay in the emergence of its effects and the association of technical changes with paramount positive relationships with the output directly; and with economic growth, but coupled with the growth of spending on education.

The research aims to measure and analyze the relationship between GDP and financial variables represented in taxes, development aid, inflation, and military spending in Turkey (1960-2021), using the descriptive approach to analyze the variables theoretically and their relationship with GDP according to the proposals of economic theory, as well as the applied practical approach in which the study relied on the self-regression distribution model with distributed slowness after conducting the stability test according to the Dickey-Fuller test and ensuring the stability of the variables in the first level and difference. The importance of the research lies in the fact that measuring the impact of financial variables on the growth in GDP in Turkey during the above period can provide valuable insights into how various economic policies and events affect the country's economic performance. The research consisted of two sections; the first is a theoretical and the second is an applied one. It came up with a set of results, the most important of which is a positive impact of both military spending and taxes in stimulating GDP growth and a negative relationship between development aid, inflation, and growth. In addition, the model takes about one year to reach equilibrium after correcting the error from the long to the short term.