Journal of Legal Sciences

The bank credit is aprocess credit with historical roots are old and according to the needs of people that are organized through the techniques of legal sophisticated, varied applications bank credit at the inner and outer, however, many of these applications has not received the attention legislature, but it evolved through the banking applications growing and judicial decisions issued as well as the jurisprudence and the role of commercial centers such as the International Chamber of Commerce and local chambers of commerce, in terms of the consequent expansion of the scope of this operation banking on the one hand and the development of the concept and the effects of bank credit on the other this development did not lead to the creation of uniform rules for the adoption of banking, but became diverse applications for the adoption of banking is subject to the general rules of law on the one hand, and to the conditions of each operation of these processes credit on the other hand, so that the result of this evolution massive and there are special provisions for each type of bank credit applications, despite the involvement of these diverse applications to a number of common rules reform to give an overall picture of bank credit in terms of the definition and characteristics of detail that his statement will come in two consecutive chapters, as follows:Chapter One: the legal definition of the adoption of bankingChapter II: The legal characteristics of the banking adoption

There is no doubt that the rights of individuals arsing from the right of God which is access to the right in legitimate manner. And Imam Zain ALabden give as important lessons and exemplary the idea of antagonism against God manner based on the Principles of Islamic sharia as liking between human Opponent when pleading in the lawsuit, because of their effects important Social, if the? Plaintiff is right in his Clam, recommendsSubmit evidence to prove his right to offset the good word, but if not right in his Claim he should recognize the right of the defendant and not to evade the effects of the effects of the lawsuit, as required of rights against himself, to judgeit, and so asked Imam for peace to be the rivalry with the others, but it is important that we win the right to the right.

Throughout the development noticed in whole world regarding all fields of life especially the electronic technical field , criminal actions have been emerged with economical ,social ,political moral, and religious targets which are considered a form of organized criminality. Therefore , the necessity requires to cut off the relation between the money of the criminals and its illegal resource by real and unreal legal actions which enable them to control the legal economy and the whole society , such actions described as (money laundering ). Therefore, due to the gravity of such action and its passive reflects on the social and economical fields internationally , regionally and locally, the legislator has criminalized such actions depending on the criminalizing policy with philosophical and legal basis for such levels (internationally , regionally and locally).

This study tends to exam the enforceability of the exchange paper as evidence In the judicial implementations, specifically in the Jordanian jurisprudence, wither we talk About exchange or non exchange process. The study is divided into two sections; the first one shall take care of the enforceability of the exchange paper in the exchange process, The other shall take care of the said enforceability in the non exchange process. The study found that the Jordanian jurisprudence is not stable over this question. Thus, juridical efforts as well as adjustments of the commercial law are required to conciliate it With the new legal statute of the check in the criminal law.

This research is about a comparative legitimacy and legality study of the (Aljali ) condition in terms of its judgment and effects in marriage contracts, the definition of the condition differs terminologically according to the place of use.The definition of the condition in the terminology of the fundamentalists differs from the definition of the condition as a legal term, this condition in the terminology of the fundamentalists is: what nothingness requires without its presence, and in the presence of it, neither the presence nor the absence are required. The condition as the legal term is called on several different meanings, including: the elements necessary for the convening of the contract or its validity, or what we call the elements of the contract and its conditions, and the condition in this sense does not fall within the scope of our search. Also the condition is called on a matter opposed a non-existent future on the risk of existence, depends on achieving the existence of commitment or its removal, which is called the standing condition and revoked condition. The condition is also called the additional provision which the contractors agree to implement it, or is required by one of the two contracting parties on the other contractor in the contract, which is not part of the core of the contract, which is called the condition associated with the contract, or condition Aljali.

We have increased attention to the principle of functional specialization and division of labor has become the focus of jurisdiction, however, a body or one employee flawed and criticized in light of contemporary circumstances and in light of the increasing activity of the administration which has spread to many areas and diverse. Based on the rules of jurisdiction must be on each of those bodies Commitment to the scope of its terms of reference specified by law. Accordingly, the administrative decisions in order to be valid and legitimate must be issued by the administrative bodies that are specific to, if issued an administrative decision of the body or a member of an administrative does not have the authority issued it leads to the illegality of this decision becomes tainted defect lack of jurisdiction, which makes it subject to appeal the revocation before the competent judicial authorityBased on the studies of administrative jurisprudence to this topic in terms of the distinction between the two types of lack of jurisdiction, namely the lack of jurisdiction the particle and the simple lack of jurisdiction. This has dealt with the provisions of these two types and the statement of the importance of this distinction after the statement of the general provisions for lack of jurisdiction defect. . We have reached the end of our research to the distinction between of lack of jurisdiction ,the defects according to the gravity of each is just discrimination imaginary and unreal, where did not emerge not have any effect different between, the defects both occur the same legal effect and that all Maqil of the justification for this difference collide in front of applications judicial and legislative reality which Atertb only one legal effect a cancellation of those decisions that upholding the rules of jurisdiction, which considered the rules of public order, and remove effects that resulted from the issuance and restore the situation to intact before this publication.

This is a study involving a range of crimes old - modern at the same time. Old in terms of existence, the modern part of the awareness of communities, policy makers, its seriousness and its negative effects and the large increase in crime rates. If these crimes exist in all societies at different rates but the level of community awareness of its seriousness and the reaction to the social institutions of society represented official and unofficial but reflects the level of development of civilization of that society.Hence the importance of the legal treatment, which represents the official social reaction in the face of this serious threat to his being embodied in hate crimes in the privacy of the problem depending on the situation of each society.It seems that the impact of these crimes has reached the degree of formation of world history and influence in the proceedings, as happened in the United States, Australia and Palestine against the indigenous population, as were these categories to objects systematically motivated by hatred and the cancellation of the last out and the justifications and excuses such as the racial superiority of the sex of white or historical rights of alleged. And it can be defined as hate crimes (Hate crimes) Ojeraúm paid Babes bias (bias motivated crime) as the attacks that went to the victim because of his ethnic Odin or ethnic or nationality-borne or sexual orientation. I.e., symbolic acts according to the meaning of the religious community, or ethnic , or the racism that belongs to the victim is not welcome.

The topic of computer crimes that committed throw abusing it has a very significant importance theoretically and practically ,because there are so many crimes which consider as outcome of computer crimes such as crimes against persons in their life and prosperity and crimes against public interest , ethics and public morals .Gradually these crime began to considered international crimes because some of them described as transboundary crimes due to the huge development in communications technology.to effectively defeat those kind of crime there must be an international cooperation to create and develop a suitable solutions ,therefore international effort emerge throw international institutions ,organizations and councils which have significance role in concluding agreement and conventions trying to create international cooperation to confront computers crimes.

Genocide is considered as one of the most heinous international crimes that some have referred to it as the crime of all crimes because it represents an attack against the most basic value the penal code seeks to protect, i.e. the maintaining of human race and providing it with protecting against any form of aggression. The main international document that deals with this crime is the The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. However there are some gaps in this instrument and this might include the difficulty of proving the intention as the convention stipulates the existence of a special intent for perpetrating genocide. But intent is a psychological factor that is hard if not impossible to verify in most of the cases. One other gap is that convention does not provide for a definition of the population or group of people that might be a target for genocide and that would constitute a burden on the court of specialization . There is also a lack of consensus on what is meant by partial destruction and the magnitude of aggression on a target population that would constitute genocide. International judiciary agencies have produced similar but sometimes contradictory rulings on interpreting those gaps, and that is the reason for the attempt made in this study into tackling the elements that would form the foundation of genocide with special emphasis on the above-mentioned gaps through a comparative study on rulings of international courts.

It is well known that there are many reasons that drive some individuals to violate intellectual property rights, and it requires mention to the need for a legislative protection adequate, and that\'s where the technical protection of intellectual property does not exclude legal protection, but stresses the need for its existence relationship between relationship integration and interdependence and varied their function, if the technical protection places obstacles in the face of the person wishing to illegal copying, the legal protection of unique protection for the production of intellectual authors and their creations, which prevents pirates enrich the class of science at the expense of owners of the legitimate rights of authors.

The assay demonstrates the system of payments of international goods by the means of letter of credit,The study shows the types of LC in Iraqi commercial legal system by the influence of international chamber of commerce rules ICC ,in addition to Iraqi judicial decisions relates with.