Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences

: The aim of this study is to select the suitable shape of girder cross section that
is used in the design of bridges structure, and to evaluate the effect of cross section shape
of bridges girders on the static properties such as vertical displacement, vertical shear
force, bending moment, tension stress and compressive stresses.
Ten bridges models using different types and shapes of girders were used to study the
effect of girder cross section shape in the construction of bridges by adopting static
analysis.
The results of finite element analysis showed that the bridges models of separated
concrete deck over girders have higher value of vertical displacement, positive bending
moment, and tensile stress. These models are not suitable for design of bridges that
subjected to higher traffic loads because of these bridges structures will not have enough
stiffness and higher carrying capacity. Therefore, they will fail under heavy traffic loads.
These models include flat slab bridge model, T-girder bridge model, I-girder bridge model,
and steel I-girder bridge model. Most box girders bridge models appeared the lower
values of vertical displacement, positive bending moment, and tensile stress. Therefore,
these models will have enough stiffness and carrying capacity and they will be more
elasticity from others models.
This study recommended that using the box girders bridges models in the construction of
new bridges structure that have high traffic loads.

The aim of this work is to study the effect of filler metal alloy, on the
metallurgical aspects of diffusion rate and mechanical properties of the brazing joint using
two types of Silicon-Aluminum filler metal alloys on the commercially aluminum base
metal. The brazing process experiments done by joining Al-alloys (1100) type by a brazing
process using (AlSi5,AlSi12) filler metals at 600-650oC. Two types of joint were made,
inclined and curvature design. To indicate the brazing joint performance the specimens
tested for single shear tensile test and metallurgical testing using optical and scanning
electron microscope attached with energy dispersive detector. Diffusion rate results
according to joint clearance and brazing time accomplished using optical microscope
images for joints cross sections and data gained with assisting of ImageJ®
software. The
joint sections analyzed using EDS detector and X-Ray analysis to observe the produced
phases. The major phases of brazed joints using 12%Si filler alloy gives (Al, Fe3Si, Al
0.3Fe3Si0.7) and (Al 0.3Fe3Si0.7) for the 5%Si filler alloy. The two filler alloys (5 and
12%Si) had equivalent tensile strength with respect to the base metal (Al-1100 alloy) of
176 and 128MPa respectively, therefore the maximum joint efficiencies are 170% for
AL5%Si filler alloy and 123% for AL12%Si filler alloy which mean that the tensile strength
of the brazed joint had values greater than 100%.

This paper proposed an algorithm to find the best location of shunt capacitor
and size to reduce the total active power loss and harmonics consideration after assuming
electric arc furnace (EAF) in the unbalanced radial distribution network. Demonstrated the
results by using practical software (CYMDIST) as a tool, to determine power flow and find
the best capacitors size and location that decrease power loss and improve voltage
profile. The total harmonic voltage distortion at system does not exceed the maximum
allowable total harmonic voltage distortion level (THVD%) compared with IEEE-standard
519-1992. To attain the goal of this algorithm, these algorithms are tested in 25-buses unbalanced radial distribution system and an actual part of Baghdad city distribution network
that is content 66-bus for Al_JIHAD_feeder_5 11 kV network are depicted for the
implementation of this analysis.

In this study, composite columns have been tested under axial load. The steel
tubes were filled with waste concrete to perform the composite action. The specimens
divided into two groups; square and circular columns. The diameter of the circular hallow
columns was 7.5 cm with 2mm thickness, while the dimension of the square hallow
columns was (7.5 cm × 7.5 cm) with 2mm thickness. For each group a column without
waste concrete filled steel tubular (W.C.F.S.T) was tested to act as a reference column.
Load-deflection curves were constructed for all specimens. The results indicate that the
waste concrete filled steel tube has more capacity due to the composite action. The
pattern of failure in circular sections was different from the failure pattern of the square
ones.

In this work the concrete free falling effect on segregation was investigated.
Sixteen free falling specimens were tested by the non-destructive ultrasonic test for four
types of concrete. In addition, twelve cube specimens were tested to check the accuracy
of the ultrasonic test adopted in this study. Four types of aggregates (rounded gravel,
crushed gravel, 10mm maximum size crushed gravel and porcelain aggregate) were used
to study their effect on segregation of free falling concrete from different height. The test
results show that no significant effect for the free falling on the compressive strength of
concrete for the four types of aggregate and the results of the non-destructive ultrasonic
test were of good agreement with those of compression machine test.

This paper provides an experimental study to investigate the effect of hybrid
reinforcement on the behavior of hollow core slab casted with NSC. Experimental results
showed that using of hybrid reinforcement (CFRP and steel bars) as internal
reinforcement give better results of ductility compared with HCS reinforced with CFRP
bars only. On the other hand, using of CFRP bars as an internal reinforcement have
slightly effect on the shear strength capacity of hollow core slab. On the other hand, CFRP
reinforcement lead to decrease the stiffness of slab at post cracking stage; therefore,
deflection will increase at the same load after cracking

This study is concerning in recognizing and defining the factors affected on
water resources in Iraq, by application of knowledge discovery in database (KDD)
techniques, KDD is a useful technique to discover the underlying concepts and unusual
knowledge and that were not previously known from databases through a systematic
process. There are lot software package usages with (KDD), while in this paper (Microsoft
Excel) was used, since it is availableness and Easygoingness. Many factors are detected
which have an impact on water resources in Iraq. External factors have not controlled by
Iraq management such as water policies of riparian countries and climate factors (natural)
while internal factors are under Iraqi control such as irrigation methods and losses. Some
of these factors affected on quantity or quality or both. Finally a successive management
shall take care all these factors.

In general, the reinforced concrete slab in composite unsymmetrical steel plate
girder contributes in increased the ultimate strength of composite section under combined
effect of bending and torsion moments. The contribution value of slab in composite section
is unknown, so this study is adopted. Six specimens were either non-composite or
composite reinforced concrete slab and with symmetrical/unsymmetrical steel plate girders
were adopted in this study. The specimens were divided into three non-composite steel
plate girders and the others were composite with RC slab. The specimens were tested
under effect of combined bending and torsion moments.
The general behavior and response of the tested specimens were recorded and
discussed in this paper. For each tested plate girder, the ultimate strength, load at
cracking, failure\'s mode, and load/deflection relationship at mid-span and under points
load were gaged. The experimental results show that the concrete slab contributes in
increasing the ultimate load of composite section by a ratio (53.85)% for symmetrical
section and (155.63 – 242.51)% for unsymmetrical section when the composite girder
under loaded out of supported plane, and the contribution value of concrete slab in
composite plate girder increased in unsymmetrical section than symmetrical section this is
due to the ideal use of materials.

Alkyd resins constitute a very high proportion of conventional binders used in
surface coating . A new alkyd resins were synthesized by reacting ( Bitter almond oil or
Coconut oil with propylene glycol or Ethylene glycol and phthalic anhydride) in the
presence of lead oxide as a catalyst. synthesis of alkyd resins, two stages were involved.
At the first stage, Bitter almond oil or Coconut oil was converted to monoglycerides as a
polyol by alcoholysis. Esterification process was held at the second stage by adding
phthalic anhydride and xylene in the mixture. Three different alkyd resins have been
synthesized (Short , medium and long) from Bitter almond oil or Coconut oil by using
different ratios of phthalic anhydride .The various physic-chemical properties of alkyd
resins like acid value , saponification value , iodine value Density, viscosity, chemical
resistance and volatile matter were studied . The resulted alkyd resins are readily soluble
in aprotic polar solvents , such as (Toluene , Acetone , Benzene , xylene , DMF, DMSO ,
Methanol and ethanol ) without need for heating. Thermal analysis of alkyd resins by
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and thermal differential calorimeter (DSC) techniques.
reveals that these Aromatic alkyd resins possess thermal stability. Alkyd resins were
characterized by (FTIR and 1H-NMR) spectroscopies .