Basra studies journal

The research dealt with the Mosawies families who lived in Basra during the first ten Hijri centuries, as we found this in various sources, and the research found that the first to enter Basra is the dean of the Musawi family Imam Musa (u), where he remained a year held by the Abbasid authority, Then we followed from the residence of Basra of his children (u), and according to the sources available to us, six of the grandchildren of his children took Basra home to them, and perhaps they formed the first nucleus of Mosawies families

Basrah governorate was exposed to a water crisis in 2018 due to the increase in salt concentrations and the increase in pollutant concentrations in the Shatt al-Arab due to the decrease in water revenues. In some locations, salt concentrations increased to more than 39000 mg / L. This caused a serious environmental disaster which affected all aspects of life in the governorate. The agricultural, industrial and health sectors. Therefore, it was necessary to find radical solutions to reduce the problem, including the use of available natural resources, including solar energy, Where the amount of solar radiation on the surface of the province was calculated program GIS in the package of solar radiation calculation programs, which proved that the province receives huge amounts of solar energy monthly and annually totaling between 1500-3000 kW / m 2 / hour where it can invest for the purpose of setting up stations Desalination of water along the coastal area and adjacent areas can be used in multiple types of desalination plants in addition to the establishment of double stations for the production of electric power and linked to the water network and electric and can reduce the demand for energy and further reduce pollution rates and achieve the development of a renewable Nation in the region.

The water of the Shatt al-Arab River is exposed to an increase in salt concentrations, which is an indicator of pollution of the aquatic environment. This coincides with the climate change and the intensity of demand and storage in Turkey, Iran and central and northern Iraq, the interruption of most of the tributaries that were preparing the Shatt al-Arab water, causing severe saline eruptions in its water course. And the areas of population concentrations and the other part coming from the Arabian Gulf, and is expected to increase the marine salt penetration in the future more because of the lack of drainage, and is trying to study the nomination of suitable sites to establish a regulatory a Barrier to reduce the effects of the salt tide coming from the south, appropriate surrounding the course of the Shatt al-Arab environment, in order to minimize the damage resulting from the establishment of hydraulic installations and maintain as much as possible of the available water from the Tigris River, which is the only source to feed the Shatt al-Arab after a break of all the tributaries feeding him (Euphrates -Swaib - Garmat Ali and Karun in recent years.
The study showed the possibility of establishing two forms of a regulatory Barrier in the Shatt al-Arab River, one of which is chosen according to the expected future water revenues. If the water share of the Tigris River continues at an annual rate of discharge not less than 50 m3 /S, As the minimum volume is required to feed the Shatt al-Arab River fresh water in the section extending from the city of Basra to the area of Al Seba and a distance of about 90 km between 50-70 m3 / S, with the need to dig sea channels from the Shatt al-Arab to Khor al-Zubair to absorb the flow of marine water During the tide, if it continues the Same rate water from the Tigris River to supply the Shatt al-Arab, which is happening now, if less than the annual discharge of 40 m3/S rate shall be the location best suited to organizational helm in Qurna (South of Swaib River.).
The study indicated that the selection of the appropriate site for the regulatory Barrier and its design should be suitable for the hydrological nature of the River to achieve the required feasibility. The study of the environmental and sedimentary impact should be the most important in the nomination of any site of hydraulic origin. In order to achieve this, As the Shatt al-Arab is an open environment that extends 200 kilometers and has many overlaps and influences, so it must be followed by a few steps for the organizational Barrier to complete the plans to stop the incursion and maintain the limited amount of water revenues to Basra province, which is the furthest from the headwaters of tributaries feeding the Shatt al-Arab River.

The current study is interested to know the change in the quality characteristics of the river water of(al khandaq,al Ashaar AlKhora) in the city of Basra, which is considered as rivers extending from the western side of the Shatt al Arab which is the funding source of water. And they are in mutual relation with Shaat al Arab .
The changes of the characteristics of these rivers have become one of the sources of pollution in the water environment of all of them. This problem is the reason behind conducting this study because such rivers become one of the pollution sources that influence water environment of Shaat al Arab. the study also addresses geographical factors influence the change of the quality characteristics of the rivers net in the city of Basra, which contribute to the variation of the quality and chemical characteristics of Shaat al Arab water.
The study also aims to follow and evaluate a such characteristics in the according to national standards throughout the study of water models during the longitudinal sectors of the two streams of these rivers through collection of 122 water models of the three rivers (AlKhandaq. AlAshaar. Al khora), and two regions of each river in AlThanaab and Al Soudor region durng (July and January) for the purpose of revealing some qualitative characteristics of water of these rivers and know the extent of their change and the differences in concentrations ( hydrogen, electrical processes, and the permanent footage ) by making laboratory analysis and finding its spatial variance, which is revealed through the variance of these characteristics, that exceed the global and Iraqi standards and lead to the pollution of the water environment. In turn this causes polluting the water of Shaat al Arabs by increasing the focuses of some of elements in the water of these rivers and exceed the values of the familiar limits

Thi This is a linguistic research applied to linguistics from grammar point of view, which included the modes of negation and assertion, and their structural construction, and the result of the function of the pilgrims of the dialectical are produced according to the circumstances of the discourse. My application is to invest the data of Arabic grammar and its potential in a Quranic interpretation that belongs to the fifth century AH, which is the simple interpretation of Ali ibn Ahmad al-Buhadi (d. 468). The research sought to follow Al-Wahidi's methods in the expression that came in the style of negation, And what left those methods of influence in the structure of the discourse directed, and its implications, with the use of the data of the thought of the pilgrims came to the Western linguistics.

The research aims to review Faleh A. Jabar's book, which is entitled The Neo-Leviathan: Three Dimensional Iraq Authoritarianism, Totalitarianism, and Democracy in English, but when translated into Arabic, its title indicated to the State book The Neo-Leviathan, in order to study Abdul-Jabbar's understanding of the Iraqi state before 2003 By reviewing the book’s title, hypothesis, and methodology, In particular, Faleh A.Jabar has studied a topic that is important in shaping the understanding of researchers who are also studying that topic. The book was studied: Nation formation, state formation, and totalitarianism, as well as the study of party state and tribe state. In conclusion, it was found that Abdul Jabar's book is considered an elitist book, and it contained a repeated theoretical framework, It can be considered one of the founding books for understanding the Iraqi state before 2003.

King's wives in the ancient Iraq dedicated on attendance to religious celebrations to represent the king in case of the king was impossible to be there if their attendance has a big matter. In addition to supervise these celebrations as they had an important role in management of religious and political rituals.
Due to the high majesty of king's wives, they had special tombs contained their wills they wrote before death. Also servants, many people and their jewels were buried with some of them.

The current research aims to identify (the effectiveness of the educational counselor in guiding middle school students for self-organized learning strategies) where the research community included middle school students (the third intermediate) and to achieve the research goal the researcher chose a sample consisting of 100 students, the researcher used a questionnaire (tool The research) consisted of (22), and it was presented to a group of experts to extract the apparent honesty of it, as for the statistical methods used in the research (percentage, and test t), the following research concluded that the educational counselor had a positive role in activating a strategy Self-organized learning for students Middle school stage

The current paper deals with Greimas’ theory in the semiology of narrative and how the Iraqi critics and researchers use it as a theory and application. The paper starts with linguistic, semantic, and structural background of the theory, in addition to illustration of all the other theories that Greimas made use of them until reaching the final version of his methodology after two decades. The researcher selects group of important books and post-graduation studies used this theory and applied it on different narrations like: Semoitic direction in, semiotic of dreams narration in storytelling to Dr. Ahmed Abbas Kamil, and, a research of telling art in the book of kindness measures to Dr. Ishraq Sami Abdul Nabi, and a study of narrative structure of Al Harrafish Epic according to semiotic consideration by Dr. Gassan Najim Abdullah. The paper based on Joseph Cortes book (introduction to discourse and Narrative Semiology) in analyzing the mentioned studies. Cortes explained the theory thoroughly, that is why his book can be regarded as the base to depend on in understanding and analyzing any theory or application related to Greimasean methodology
In addition to criticism, the researcher suggests a better application depending on the bases of the theory. Some researchers were good in the theoretical part but they faced problem in application sides by depending on certain aspects related to History or Sociology. While some researchers failed to present good explanation to the theory which was ambiguous by itself.
All the books used by the researcher regarded as important sources and base for the Iraqi studies which deal with Greimas theory. In spite of these facts the researcher did not generalize these problems to all Iraqi studies nor trying to minimize the importance and participation of these study, but still every study must have its weaknesses and negative aspects.

The main thesis of the research is that the poem of praise addressed to the Umayyad authority adopted the radio of thought produced by the Umayyad religious establishment and legitimized it mentally to accept it in society. The successors of illiterate sons direct their poets directly or indirectly to the systems according to specific criteria. The most important of these was their call to focus on the idea The fact that they are authorized by God and governed by his command, especially since a nation of illiterate people was founded on pillars that transcended Islamic legacies and based their existence on the heredity, power, tyranny, political and economic domination of the ruling authority and its class and tribal allies, The rest of the Muslims, which made many Muslims promise obedience to the Umayyads out of the principles of religious obedience, did not delay these poets to respond to such a desire, for fear of the unjust power of power, and because they also received from them in return for donations, Proof of the right of the Umayyad ruler in political power, and the association of the praised person with everything religious and sacred.

This paper proceeds within the scope of visual semiotics, a branch of semiotics. It examines the visual semiotic components of Iʼtilaaf Dawlat Al-Qanoon's (State of Law coalition) logo, a distinguished political Iraqi coalition. The theoretical framework adopted in the analysis of this logo is Kress and Van Leeuwen's (2006) Reading Images. Basically, the analysis of this logo is manipulated via the three Halidayan metafunctions: ideational, interpersonal and textual as well as the narrative processes. It has been found out that this logo demonstrates a variety of components to reach its goals, namely to galvanize and to gain the approval of voters. Volumes and vectors are used to affect and persuade voters. Colour manipulation is found to be significant to persuade voters. In addition, all the narrative processes are available in this logo in the sense that both interactive and represented participants are well represented.