The International and Political Journal

The study aims to explain the role of Iraqi diplomacy in achieving its goals after 2016, in addition to explaining the clear and convincing diplomatic work mechanism of Iraqi diplomacy after 2016, which has begun to influence the region more than it is affected. The importance of the research is highlighted by the contribution of Iraqi diplomacy in activating foreign policy tools in order to open paths of cooperation with countries of the region and the world in order to achieve the goals of Iraqi foreign policy. The problem of the research lies in an important question: What is the role of Iraqi diplomacy and what are the goals that it has achieved or is seeking to achieve after 2016? The study reached important results, including that diplomacy in general is of indispensable importance in order to achieve its goals in a peaceful manner, and that over 2016 Iraqi -Arab relations moved on the right track. Iraqi diplomatic relations addressed many economic and political issues of national interest, in addition to that the international openness of Iraqi diplomacy increased after 2016.

Diplomacy is the executive tool for the state's foreign policy. It deals with several dimensions (political, economic, cultural, and military). The political deals with everything related to the maintenance and growth of the state's political entity within the framework of conflict and cooperation relations between the parties of the international community. As for the economic dimension, which develops the relations of nations among themselves Mutual dependence to meet living needs becomes a form of international system.
In light of our study, we will focus on how diplomacy works and its role to activate foreign policy tools to rebuild international and regional relations by focusing on the actors in the international system, both states, organizations and blocs, and at several levels, including political, military, economic, cultural and security. Iraq is one of the countries that were damaged during Past eras Even after the change occurred in 2003, the change did not affect Iraqi foreign policy positively due to the crises that Iraq went through as a result of the state of instability that affected all aspects of the interior and consequently affected Iraq’s regional and international relations. Through this, light will be shed on how Iraqi diplomacy worked to use its various means in order to implement its goals. Iraqi foreign policy, especially after Iraq's victory in its war against the terrorist organization ISIS.

Diplomacy is one of the important means that countries rely on to achieve their foreign policies, and history is the best evidence of this, which expresses the desire to resolve pending issues and problems through dialogue and peaceful means. According to this principle, Iraqi diplomacy has been adopting an important mechanism since 2007, which is political consultations with the People's Republic of China. This mechanism has an important role in enhancing mutual understanding of common interests in the areas of bilateral relations, as a result of realizing the importance of geopolitics, energy, trade exchanges and investments, in addition to harmonizing the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative projects and Iraqi Development Road.

The “Traditional Diplomacy” and its importance in developing political, economic and cultural relations and ways to develop them between countries and peoples, in accordance with international norms and conventions related to global diplomatic representation, is the path agreed upon by the member states of the United Nations General Assembly to maintain their bilateral relations at all levels through their missions in the outside.
Some countries were not satisfied with traditional diplomatic activity, but rather worked to activate the popular movement to strengthen and develop those relations with countries that have political and economic influence on the regional and international arenas, and they called this movement “Public Diplomacy.”
Therefore, it has become important to distinguish between two types of diplomacy, in terms of “term,” “concept,” and “definition,” to understand the functions and advantages of each. There is “traditional diplomacy,” which is the optimal official method followed in developing and sustaining the momentum of bilateral relations between countries according to Official mechanisms followed.
As for popular diplomacy, it is traditionally considered a product of the activities carried out by some individuals or popular groups (thinkers, doctors, writers, artists, athletes, media figures, scholarship students, civil activists, and expatriates of all kinds) to win public opinion and influence it by transferring the culture, customs, and traditions of the country to which they belong to other countries. arrivals.
This has made many countries adopt “the behavior of popular diplomacy in international relations,” because it opens the way for social, cultural, civilizational, and intellectual communication between groups and individuals with the aim of integration with official policy, which results in the crystallization of ideas, projects, joint actions, and various investments that have a positive impact on Developing bilateral relations and sustaining their development for the benefit of the two friendly peoples, as well as the possibility of finding solutions to crises that politicians are unable to solve. However, there are “problems” and “obstacles” facing the work of those in charge of popular diplomacy.
The secret of the "success of popular diplomacy" and the extent of its impact on international relations lies in the presence of "foundations" and "goals", and in the culture of groups and individuals, their level of awareness and commitment to local laws and regulations, respect for other cultures, and moral commitment, which are the keys that the individual and group can invest in consolidating relations and developing them. Common interests and using them to their advantage through a popular movement based on values, moral standards, and common interests between peoples and nations under the auspices of the host country and the host country.
Therefore, the Iraqi state must pay great and clear attention to “popular diplomacy” in the environment of expatriation by working to develop and invest in the efforts of expatriate Iraqi competencies in finding multiple outlets to enhance and strengthen Iraq’s foreign relations with countries influential in international policy-making and global political decision-making, so that it can bring Investments and confronting the challenges and crises that are plaguing the world today, which will not stop or end in the near future.

The world is developing rapidly and growing, and this development is directly reflected in diplomacy and how it is activated in the world. In light of the increasing number of democratic and liberal regimes in the world, and the decline in the status of international powers in the international system, led by the United States of America, the world has begun to suffer from an imbalance in the international balance. This in turn has led to changes and transformations in the nature of violence in the world in a way that has made the ability of traditional diplomacy shackled, and the number of active parties in the global system has increased, especially in the field of national and international security issues, which represents a challenge and a great burden on the options available to countries, and on the other hand, breaking the monopoly of some parties on practicing diplomatic work. Iraq is one of the countries that has a long experience in building political institutions and has an effective role in its regional and international environment. However, changing the political system after 2003 produced facts and variables that differed greatly from the previous philosophy and political objectives of the ruling system in Iraq at the regional and international levels, due to the impact of the major change in the path of political decision-making and playing external roles. What is meant here is changing the philosophy and beliefs of the decision-maker and the role of the major powers and neighboring countries and their impact on the approach to political decision-making and the external behavior of the Iraqi state, such that it inevitably leads to a major change in the objectives, tools and roles of Iraq in the future. With the change, the mechanism for managing the three authorities also changed, the philosophies of political leaderships diversified, their roles overlapped, and different concepts dominated the management of state institutions, distributed between quotas and ethnicity according to the vision of the intellectual parties.

Parallel diplomacy refers to the involvement of regions in the field of international relations by establishing permanent or temporary contacts with external public or private entities. It is a form of political communication to achieve economic, cultural, political, and other interests. It consists of self-supporting actions on the part of regional governments towards international actors, whether governmental or non-governmental. It is noted that these external activities of the regions may be compatible with, complementary to, or in conflict with the state’s foreign policy.

The water issue in Iraq represents one of the most prominent problems affecting the country's national security, as it leads to conflicts within the shared river basins with the basin countries. Today, the water factor has become one of the main factors threatening good neighborly relations and regional cooperation among the riparian countries. The increasing role of the (water security) factor in contemporary international policies can be attributed to a set of considerations such as the phenomenon of drought, the exacerbation of the food problem, the population explosion, and the increasing demand for water. Water diplomacy in general is used to manage political water relations within the framework of activating cooperation and implementing the approach of sustainable and fair development with the aim of achieving the common benefit of all riparian countries to preserve water security.

Diplomacy is the interface of the state’s external dealings, and culture is the interface of the state’s civilization, and science. Given the importance of culture in the lives of states and their foreign relations and the possibility of its influence in showing the state’s cultural, civilizational, and scientific image, it was employed in the service of the state’s relations. Cultural diplomacy expressed the exchange of ideas, cultures, and opinions between countries through cultural, scientific and educational institutions that contribute to influencing other countries and peoples in order to demonstrate the state’s power and political role in order to achieve its national goals and interests.
Cultural diplomacy has proven to be the smoothest and most flexible means of soft power in dealing between peoples and countries in the ability to reach the goals desired and influence the other party, and even achieve the goals of its foreign policy and strengthen its international relations. The presence and role of Iraqi cultural diplomacy in defining and spreading culture, civilization and values becomes clear in defining and spreading culture, civilization and values. through Arab and International participation in cultural and scientific activities in Iraq or in other countries, it was one of the important and influential means of achieving the goals of Iraqi foreign policy, demonstrating and proving Iraq’s status, and strengthening its Arab and International Relations.
Cultural diplomacy in major and developed countries was not limited to displaying and disseminating culture and scientific and cultural exchange in those countries, rather it expressed the pursuit of inclusive political goals through which it aimed to transfer and disseminate their cultural and scientific models through programs and applications as soft power to other societies and peoples to influence and penetrate them , and seeking to dominate it through cultural diplomacy and then achieve its foreign policy goals in a diplomatic manner.

Iraqi diplomacy is considered a decisive factor in the regional and international scene, where it carries a significant responsibility in promoting peace and stability and resolving regional and international issues. The hypothesis proven by this research points toward the idea that "enhancing Iraqi diplomacy can play a crucial role in resolving regional and international issues." However, there are challenges to achieving this influential role after years of conflicts and political disturbances. Iraq faces numerous challenges in enhancing its diplomatic role, including foreign interventions that negatively affect its national sovereignty and ability to make independent decisions. Additionally, internal conflicts and political instability undermine Iraq's ability to direct its efforts toward effectively resolving regional and international issues. The region's competitive challenges increase the difficulty of tasks for Iraqi diplomacy as regional players compete for interests and influence. Terrorist and extremist threats serve as another factor hindering the achievement of stability and complicating the political and security situations in Iraq and the region. Nevertheless, there are still opportunities for progress in enhancing Iraqi diplomacy and its role in solving regional and international issues. Iraq can leverage its strategic location and natural resources to enhance relations with neighboring countries and the international community. Furthermore, efforts to strengthen democracy and achieve national unity are required to enhance the country's stability and increase its credibility internationally.

its relations with other countries and international persons. In summary, diplomacy is a multifaceted and multi-purpose concept, and is linked to objectives. It is no longer limited to bilateral relations between countries, but has extended to include countries’ communications with international and regional organizations and other institutions and political units in the international community. Thus, diplomacy has become an ongoing political process that the state employs officially in implementing its foreign policy and in managing

Defense diplomacy is non-violent activities carried out by the Ministry of Defense and Foreign Affairs through bilateral or multilateral contacts between senior military officials or military attaches outside the borders of the state, to achieve the objectives of the state’s security and defense policy in a diplomatic manner. Therefore, the importance of the study stems from the fact that it is considered one of the basic components in To develop the military capabilities of any country, and to maintain national security in a peaceful manner, the study poses a problem as to what defense diplomacy is, its fields or goals, and what are the correct ways to develop the field of defense diplomacy work, to provide military institutions with the necessary expertise that keeps pace with the times, such as the ability in the field of confronting cyber attacks. , developing security expertise, combating incidents, and civil defence, and the role of defense diplomacy cannot be overlooked in containing symbolic threats such as hostile ideas, shady propaganda, fake news, and extremism.

With the entry of the twenty-first century, the world has become more changed in all social, cultural, economic, as well as political fields, and this heralds the redrawing of the intellectual map of the mechanisms of diplomatic work to become more capable of confronting external challenges, as well as the ability to achieve its goals by relying on renewed elements of mechanisms. Power, interaction and influence, so that political action emerges from new forms and concepts of diplomacy, which take precedence over traditional diplomacy, for example, conflict resolution diplomacy, economic diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, sports diplomacy, as well as social or popular diplomacy and other types of diplomacy in the light of political sociology. Perhaps the most important type of diplomacy that requires research and application, in light of the changes taking place in the international system, is soft diplomacy.

The American administration works to give legitimacy to its colonial policies in accordance with legal frameworks by concluding agreements and treaties that guarantee its influence and control over the targeted countries , but at the same time it tries , especially if the targeted party does not have the elements of state power , to impose certain arrangements that achieve gains outside the framework of these .Agreements through secret negotiations , and this is what the American administration in Iraq is working on to give its military presence legitimacy inside Iraq , even though the strategic framework agreement concluded between the Iraqi and American gover nment in 2008 does not allow America to have a military presence on Iraqi territory , especially after the issuance of a decision by the Iraqi Parliament . The year 2020 , which obliges the Iraqi government to withdraw all foreign forces from Iraq . On this basis , the Iraqi government formed a negotiating committee with the American side through what is known as the strategic dialogue to evacuate American forces and end the military presence in light of four rounds , none of which was announced, nor were the results announced . Clear and declared , and despite the ongoing violation of Iraqs sovereignty by American forces and the formation of multiple committees regarding ending this presence by the Iraqi government , we see that the adoption of political diplomatic methods has not succeeded in achieving sovereignty and independence of political , economic , and security decisions.

The technological revolution in the digital world has brought about radical changes in the processes of diplomatic interaction and affected the speed of communication between countries and peoples. Digital diplomacy has imposed itself strongly on the field of international relations, and has manifested itself in the processes of direct communication between countries and societies on the one hand, and on the other hand countries have used the portals of the digital world. Its various platforms provide direct communication between world officials and leaders to hold meetings and exchange ideas on common issues.
Due to its importance, digital diplomacy has gained a distinguished status, and countries around the world are racing to establish a digital base that will enable them to achieve their external goals.

In order for states to succeed in managing their affairs, they need a high degree of mastery of strategic planning, as they harness the elements of their strength at all levels in order to achieve their desired goals. This requires studying and analyzing reality to chart a strategic course that corresponds or at least adapts to the effects of the country's strategic depth, as well as a strategic mindset characterized by the development of a flexible diplomatic performance that coincides with the rapid regional and international changes, and the importance of strategic planning for the Iraqi diplomacy can benefit from the use of regional and even international data. The importance of strategic planning for Iraqi diplomacy can be achieved by utilizing regional and even international factors to export balanced political behavior in light of the fragile balance, which may restore Iraq's natural position and size among Arab and regional countries, and harnessing its internal tools to empower the state's strength.

Diplomacy is one of the most important tools that countries have to achieve their goals (political, economic, security, cultural...) within the framework of regional and international interactions. The mission of diplomacy is to represent the state to other countries, strengthen relations between these countries, and resolve disputes by peaceful means, which revealed diplomacy in its concept and meaning as an art of managing negotiations on the one hand and a tool for foreign policy on the other hand.
The concept of diplomacy was known with different definitions, as legal scholars went to different schools of thought. There are multiple definitions for this concept, as Sir Ernest Satow defined it (it is the use of intelligence and tact in managing official relations between governments). While the Oxford Dictionary defined it as (it is the process of managing and organizing international relations through negotiations).
Therefore, the effectiveness of diplomacy varies from one country to another and from one government to another, according to a group of factors, which can be divided into material factors and others, internal and external, and in this context, diplomacy A real standard for measuring the success or failure of foreign policy

Diplomacy is generally considered one of the most prominent means of foreign policy that influences soft power to attract others in the desired direction. Its importance has increased greatly thanks to the great development in various means of communication that have made addressing and confrontation possible. The most important thing that distinguishes the relationship between diplomacy and foreign policy is the interdependence and integration between them. No country can deal with other countries without them. If foreign policy is the form of the plan drawn up to direct the foreign relations of countries, then diplomacy is the process of implementing that plan.

The diplomacy of counterterrorism emerged prominently in Iraq's foreign policy after the appearance of the terrorist organization ISIS and its gradual takeover of Iraqi territories. This event left a significant impact at all levels, including the diplomatic sphere. Building on this, Iraqi diplomacy in the field of counterterrorism sought to support military efforts to liberate the country from the terrorist gangs of ISIS. This was based on the principle that relying on the armed forces in combating terrorism should be supported by active diplomacy to confront terrorism and reduce its capabilities by pressuring towards forming a coalition of several countries to combat ISIS. It aimed to gain international support for Iraqi efforts to liberate the country. Iraqi diplomacy in counterterrorism, alongside military efforts, contributed to defeating the terrorist organization ISIS and liberating all Iraqi territories from its control.

If diplomacy is the main criterion for measuring the success or failure of a country's foreign policy, the application of diplomatic factors Iraqi foreign policy has faced major challenges in achieving its goals and interests. Maintaining balance in relations with regional and international countries and fostering a spirit of cooperation and consensus are necessary to achieve strategic goals. For the Iraqi political decision-maker, it is essential to avoid disharmony and tension within the framework of international relations in order to achieve strategic gains and find acceptable solutions to all issues. Iraq must be able to promote mutual cooperation between countries and avoid hostile confrontations. Therefore, for Iraqi diplomacy to succeed, it must work in a spirit of cooperation and diplomatic solidarity. Iraqi diplomacy must take logical steps to stabilize and cooperate with other countries and build solid relations for the benefit of Iraq and its people.

Protocol in international politics is the etiquette of diplomacy and state affairs. Protocol is the rule that determines how to carry out work or activity, especially in the field of diplomacy and government services.
Today's civilization is characterized by speed, and this has had a direct Impact on behavior, ethics, and methods of dealing. Since protocol is the art of dealing with others, and it Is the art of high-level behavior that determines the level of sophistication and progress of nations and the source of civilization and culture, it is therefore evidence of the health of society and its freedom from diseases. And backwardness The exchange of diplomatic relations between countries has led to the necessity of agreeing on certain rules and traditions that regulate the principles of dealing between those countries through their representatives with each other.
When diplomacy is killed, war begins, and when war breaks out, the rush after diplomacy begins to stop it. There are no wars waged under strong diplomacy, and no diplomacy succeeds without protocols. The presence of strong protocols without the availability of qualified cadres to implement them makes it as If the protocol is absent. Brave diplomats do not succeed without advanced protocol rules. No mature and high-value protocols will find their way into the future without qualified protocol owners doing so. Countries became as interested in imposing diplomacy as they were in their militaries, as President Putin said about the collapse of the Soviet Union. We had enormous nuclear power, but we lacked the diplomatic work to back it up with the military

Iraq seeks, through active and effective diplomacy, to achieve an effective foreign policy through which its political goals are achieved, which has positive repercussions on Iraq's sovereignty, ensuring its national security, sustainable economic development, trade exchange, and achieving scientific and technological progress. It takes into account the Iraq’s supreme national interest, its internal and external environment, and its national values. and its wealth, resources and natural resources. It seeks to achieve common interests between Iraq and other countries by bringing their points of view closer together, and by creating and spreading a spirit of trust as well. It is through diplomacy, that Iraq's foreign foreign policy is formed, which is considered the political framework that governs Iraq's relationship with other countries based on mutual respect and. Common interests, and foreign policy are honored through the Iraqi political decision maker, who is here the Iraqi prime minster , Who relies on obtaining unanimous decisions from the council of ministers, and the formulation of Foreign policy takes into account the strength of the state, its size, population, and its material, economic, and human capabilities, on the security of official political behavior. The official decision makers in Iraq or his representative to influence the behavior of other countries, in order to find a special opinion about them achieves the national political goals of the state of Iraq.

Diplomacy is considered one of the most important tools in the foreign policy of countries within the framework of regional and international interactions due to the overlap of interests and common issues between international units. The Iraqi diplomacy movement after 2003 revolves around preserving the country’s sovereignty from foreign interference, since Iraq is a focal point in the Middle East, and seeks there is no need to establish balanced relations with all parties, whether regional or international. This research represents an attempt to monitor and analyze the components and considerations on which the promotion of Iraqi diplomacy and its strengthening in political equations depends.

Diplomacy is one of the most important activities of the state through which it works to implement its goals in the external horizon. The diplomatic work of a country aims to determine the means of communication with other countries of the world, and in order to achieve its security and ensure the borders and basic needs of the state. The methods and means to reach the goals vary according to the capabilities of the state and its ability to influence. Some countries may work within a peaceful framework to achieve those goals, while force tempts another country to war and aggression. Iraq has never been unable to provide reasons for constructive international relations through a strategy aimed at increasing the effectiveness of diplomatic performance and expanding the volume of interaction and exchange with all countries of the world. However, Iraqi policy in general, in terms of diplomatic performance, has suffered and continues to suffer from many restrictions at the present time, internally and externally. At the same time, it has many opportunities if it exploits those available capabilities to build effective diplomatic activity.

Iraq is the cradle of the first civilization and culture in history, adjacent to a large desert teeming with Bedouins, who left their desert and entered Iraq, so two classes emerged in it: a Bedouin warrior class, and a submissive agricultural class. This civilizational conflict had a profound impact on the personality of the Iraqi individual, so he adopted two types of social values. When confronting someone stronger than him, he becomes submissive (masochistic), and when confronting someone weaker than him, he becomes angry (sadistic). This duality increased and became more entrenched in the Abbasid era and later in the Ottoman Empire. Iraqi society was characterized by the phenomenon of (fragmentation), i.e. the division of lifestyle between men, women and children. It is rare to find a society in the world in which the family is fragmented like Iraq. As for psychology, every social phenomenon has a psychological aspect. When parents ask their children to be at a high level in society in their work, behavior and speech, They hold them accountable for every mistake, and they are strict in their education at the Kuttab, and they give the teacher a free hand in discipline, upbringing and education, and they ask him never to show mercy. When all this happens, the Iraqi child grows up with two personalities: a polite, submissive personality, and a rebellious, aggressive personality. This often leads to the growth of hypocrisy and duplicity, which leads to psychological deviation. This psychological repression has had a strong effect on the Iraqi person, so he tries to vent this repression by frequently criticizing others, and he attributes the destruction of the country to others while he is a contributor to this destruction.

Diplomatic work represents a means and an end to achieving foreign policy goals. Through it, a foreign policy capable of achieving the internal vision of the state is drawn and made. As far as the issue is concerned in Iraq, national security has been exposed to a major catastrophe that has contributed to the loss of a third of its area, under the weight of ISIS terrorism.
Diplomatic work was a decisive factor in defeating terrorist groups through the large rounds in which Iraqi diplomacy contributed, which consisted of enticing countries to help Iraq in its war on terrorism. In addition, Iraqi diplomacy had a role in bringing external viewpoints closer together and presenting internal visions that reflect Iraq’s reality and aspirations. And the extent of the problem that could be reflected in other countries, which we will learn about through this research.

There are many problems that the international community suffers from, which are often complex and cross borders, regions and even continents, which requires efforts and the inclusion of bilateral or collective capabilities, and even the matter to organize efforts and harness international capabilities to confront them sometimes. One of these problems, the most recent of which is climate change, which has become a threat to many countries of the world, including Iraq, and this is what necessitated the Iraqi government to seek diplomatically to combat the threat of climate change to the living environment in Iraq.

This study aims to explain the role of summit diplomacy and its role in strengthening Iraq’s relations with its regional neighborhood. The study seeks to clarify the concept of summit diplomacy and distinguish it from other forms of diplomacy, especially since summit diplomacy is one of the high-level occasions that brings together heads of state to discuss the most important regional issues related to in their countries, as well as enhancing political communication.
Through the study, it is clarified how to use summit diplomacy to strengthen these relations, especially within the framework of the tripartite summit in Baghdad for the year 2021 AD as a model for this study, which came to enhance political communication and enhance understanding and consensus on common issues between Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt.
Within the framework of the tripartite summit, the role of summit diplomacy in enhancing security cooperation is highlighted, as coordination takes place between Iraq and regional countries to combat common threats and enhance security stability. The importance of economic and trade cooperation is also reviewed within the framework of summit diplomacy, which has contributed to strengthening economies and promoting integration. Regional. Finally, recommendations are made to enhance the use of summit diplomacy in strengthening Iraqi regional relations, such as enhancing communication and understanding with regional countries and enhancing economic and cultural cooperation.

The Iraqi diplomacy, after 2003, revolves around its attempt to preserve the country’s sovereignty from foreign interference, by supporting foreign policy, in addition to enhancing confidence with regional parties, because Iraq represents the geopolitical fulcrum in the region, due to its geographical location, and that it is part of The features of his foreign policy in the last two decades were to seek to establish balanced relations with all regional and international parties, in addition to expanding the areas of interactions with them, by relying on ties of cultural, civilizational and historical relations and values with neighboring countries, and striving to build common interests, from By securing Iraq's vital interests, and introducing new concepts in the country's diplomatic relations, based on balance in its foreign relations, Iraqi diplomacy after 2003 faced many challenges, which weakened support for its movement within the framework of foreign policy, and prevented it from carrying out its effective foreign behavior. The direction of Iraq's international and regional surroundings.

The foreign policy of any democratic political system aims to achieve a set of main objectives through its multiple diplomatic tools available within the mechanisms of its democratic institutions, to ensure the occurrence of political interactions between the region (the countries neighboring Iraq after 2003) that are based on the equation of national interest in accordance with the principles and constants specified in its foreign policies (the philosophy of the new political system), in order to get out of the impasse of crises and problems that plague the countries of the Arab region, especially in the Middle East, while securing options and alternatives for a diplomatic solution in Iraqi foreign policy in accordance with institutional work .

Diplomacy is the executive tool for the state's foreign policy within the framework of regional and international interactions. It generally means managing international relations through negotiation and the manner in which these relations are implemented by ambassadors and envoys. Diplomacy had an important role in activating Iraqi foreign policy towards the Arab countries, especially those with which Iraq was linked. With a shared civilizational history, bilateral relations between Iraq and Egypt are of great importance in the Arab diplomatic arena, and Iraqi diplomats play a vital role in strengthening and developing these relations through continuous diplomatic efforts. Iraqi-Egyptian relations witnessed a decline after 2011, especially after President Abd eIFattah al-Sisi took office. ) Authority has achieved significant development at all political, economic, military and cultural levels, and this development in Arab relations has helped Iraq return it to the regional and international arena

Iraqi diplomacy plays a crucial role in combating terrorist attacks and strengthening global security. Iraq is considered a country facing major security challenges as a result of the terrorist threats it faces. Therefore, Iraqi diplomacy is working on several fronts to address these challenges.
One of the most important roles of Iraqi diplomacy is to build strong relations with other countries and enhance international cooperation in combating terrorism. These relations include exchanging informalds of security and counter-terrorism.
In addition, Iraqi diplomacy is working to strengthen regional cooperation in combating terrorism. Iraq participates in regional efforts to exchange information and experiences, organize joint exercises, and enhance security cooperation with neighboring countries and regional partners.

Diplomacy, in its general sense, has witnessed a significant and noticeable development in recent years, as the term diplomacy has entered many modern concepts, as diplomacy has many forms and means that help the state achieve its foreign policy goals in addition to achieving progress, development, and development goals at home. The concept of diplomacy emerged from its traditional form and the concept developed more broadly to include economic, cultural, security, etc. diplomacy.
(Economic diplomacy) has become a primary goal for many countries, including the subject of the study (Qatar and Iraq), which are making great and different efforts to achieve it by promoting their countries, developing economic sectors and tourist facilities, attracting global investments, and concluding agreements related to the essence of economic diplomacy, in addition to providing Political concessions and resorting to reconciliations with various countries and governments in order to achieve the goals of economic diplomacy.

Iraqi diplomacy after 2014 is full of successes, in accordance with the difficult circumstances and the capabilities available at all Arab, regional and international levels. Since 2014, Iraqi diplomacy has sought, through its diplomatic efforts, to play a pivotal role in fighting ISIS terrorist gangs, and the Iraqi government has stimulated the international community by sending messages to it. To form an international coalition to fight terrorist organizations, and to increase security cooperation and coordination to support, arm and train all types of Iraqi forces, to stand against terrorism, given that Iraq was at the forefront of countries confronting terrorism.
After 2014, despite the political instability, Iraq's foreign policy remained in constant contact with the regional and international side to strive forward in eliminating terrorist organizations in Iraq, and after the formation of the international coalition represented by the United States of America, the Iraqi Foreign Ministry became exemplary in its means of persuasion and possesses successful negotiations.
In this research, I seek to show Iraqi diplomacy in previous years and how it dealt with difficult circumstances and reduced terrorism after 2014, when the terrorist organization ISIS took control of some governorates in Iraq.

The research aims to clarify parliamentary diplomacy by focusing on the role of the Iraqi parliament, as parliamentary diplomacy is a new path for parallel diplomacy and enhances the work of government diplomacy, and parliamentary diplomacy is considered one of the third tasks of parliament after both legislation and oversight. Parliamentary diplomacy is one of the roles of parliaments in the international system, which in turn affects national security and the strategic interests of the state. In Iraq after 2003, the Iraqi parliament began to play a vital role in enhancing national security through parliamentary diplomacy in enhancing international cooperation, strengthening foreign relations, and contributing In formulating foreign policies that achieve the interests of security and stability in Iraq.

The year 2017 marked a new stage in the development of Iraqi-Egyptian relations. After eliminating the terrorist ISIS and liberating the areas it controlled in 2017, Iraqi diplomacy became active at the international and regional levels to strengthen its relations, work to rebuild the liberated cities, and benefit from the experiences of these countries, and here it happened. The remarkable rapprochement between Iraq and Egypt, especially since Egypt, by virtue of many factors of rapprochement with Iraq, qualifies it to rebuild the liberated cities, and to play an important role in strengthening and developing these relations in various political, economic, security, cultural, and other fields. This rapprochement has been reinforced by the mutual visits of leaders and senior officials. The two countries signed many agreements and memorandums of understanding, which actually found their way on the ground with the establishment of many projects in Iraq.