Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies

The media discourse as a social practice as old as humanity, and its various forms of activity have been known since early ages in human history, as the media discourse season of propaganda, shading and rumor shows its activity in political crises and wars. There is bad media discourse in order to achieve their personal interests, and there is another type of purposeful white media discourse that addresses minds, and perhaps both affect public opinion and lead it to the ideas and opinions it presents. Al-Hassan (peace be upon him )
The problem of the research here lies in the question: Why did Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) not use military media tricks and media employment in discourse to gain victory factors, with his deception project in wars?! )?!. He saw the use of media and other tricks in war, which was often in the minds of many of Al-Hassan's companions (peace be upon him), and the answer of Imam Al-Hassan (peace be upon him), but I see other than what you saw.Likewise, the desires and orientations of the receiving audience (the addressee) do not rise with the spirit of the media discourse of Imam Al-Hassan (peace be upon him) due to the low level of cultural and ideological understanding of what the infallible Imam (peace be upon him) wants from them.Muawiyah used false media discourse and raised religious slogans to arbitrate his succession, so he expressed that his succession is an order of God, and a judgment of God's judgment, and that the order of Yazid bin Muawiyah is a judgment of the judiciary, and the good servants are not from their command.
This research aims to know the level of dealing and dealing with the media discourse of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) and the other party according to the legitimate professional media standards and controls. The researcher adopted the inductive method in tracking historical events and texts, and used the analytical method in interpreting those historical texts. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the spread of the phenomenon of violations and abuses by the other party on professional and ethical standards and heavenly values through the employment of the media for personal gain regardless of its legitimacy.
The media discourse of Imam al-Hasan (peace be upon him) is not aimed at achieving a temporary military victory in a specific battle and a specific time, but rather the goal of the discourse is the victory of moral values and principles over time, especially achieving victory for media controls and values by moving away from falsehood and media deception.

Praise be to God, the Noble Qur’an was revealed to our master Muhammad, in a clear Arabic tongue, so I failed the eloquent rhetoricians, and I despaired of opposing it by the literati, and blessings and peace be upon the most eloquent one who spoke and explained, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and upon all his family and companions.
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The poetic witness has a great place in the books of language and grammar; Because it is the Diwan of the Arabs and with it the lineages were preserved and the exploits were known, and from it I learned the language, and it is an argument regarding the strangeness of the Book of God, glorified be its praise, and the strange hadith of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and the effects of his companions and followers.
It is known that there are four classes of poets: the old pre-Islamic, the veteran, the Islamic, and the modernist.
In this research, I wanted to study the linguistic impact of pre-Islamic poetry, so the poetry of Ubaid ibn al-Abras was my field of study, based on the tongue of the Arabs by Ibn Manzur, so the title was (The linguistic impact on the poetry of Ubaid ibn al-Abras in Lisan al-Arab by Ibn Manzur, a study in method and function)
The poetic witness has taken a large place in the books of language and grammar, as it is their scientific material, and their evidence is used by them in their investigations and studies of language and grammar.
Ibn Manzur used to infer more than one witness from the poetry of Obaid bin al-Abras in one issue or when clarifying the significance of a word. on two topics:
The first: the life of Ubaid bin Al-Abras and Ibn Manzur.
And the other topic: Obaid bin al-Abras’ poetry in Lisan al-Arab: A study of methodology and function: two things were presented in it:
The first: Ibn Manzur’s approach to citing the poetry of Ubaid bin al-Abras.
The other: the function of Obaid bin al-Abras’ poetry in Lisan al-Arab, which is the morphological, grammatical and semantic function. In this research, I relied on a group of sources and references represented by books that spoke about the characters of Obaid and Ibn Manzur, and books on language, dictionaries and strange hadith. And Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds.

The beauty and majesty of the Holy Qur’an appear through its expressions and contexts. It carries a miraculous linguistic secret with very precise and eloquent systems. The context and expression were to choose the appropriate word for the appropriate meaning. While stating the effect of context in producing meaning. The words in the Qur’anic text form the basis on which the semantic formations depends, and the context has an impact on the meaning in which these words are contained, which they indicate through the systems of the Qur’an text. From this, the required meaning becomes clear, as the context, in this case, is what enabled these words to emerge in other new meanings. The Holy Qur’an, in its blessed texts, possesses a large linguistic store and a wealth of words, vocabulary, and words that fall according to this framework. Those words are the most eloquent in the Arabic language. In this research, we dealt with the translation of context in the meanings of the divine religious texts of the Holy Qur’an as a model, specifically in the translation of (Uri Rubin) and (Yosef Yoel Rivlin) into the Hebrew language, with an explanation of the translator’s treatment of the same expression in many places of the blessed verses and the difference in their meaning due to the influence of the context. And his choice of the appropriate and accurate Hebrew pronunciation, which conveys the same meaning in the Hebrew language. And how he dealt with the text and with one word and with what is appropriate in other contexts. And how he employed the Hebrew language and what is appropriate for the context. If the translator is to reach an acceptable translation of the meanings of the Holy Qur’an, he must follow the context in the translation, and the translator must not look at the word or sentence independently, but rather he must look at the context of the Qur’anic text, this helps him to define the intended meaning and the corresponding exact expression, especially if the word or the sentence has more than one meaning. As the jurisprudential rulings are related to the connotation of expressions and the difference of some of them according to the different connotations. The difference in the jurisprudential rules may be based on the semantic difference of the word.

Flattery is a human phenomenon that has two faces. The first is praiseworthy and is manifested in the flattery of the righteous prophets, imams and virtuous ones to God in an effort to seek His pleasure and forgiveness out of their humility to the Creator (glory be to Him) and instructing them to the rest of mankind and encouraging them to take this matter as a behavior and an approach in their practical lives. It also includes the tendency of many human beings to social adulation. To work to calm the home atmosphere, and prevent it from being disturbed, for example what is related to children's adulation of their parents and kissing their hands and feet. Sometimes it includes flattery by the wife to her husband in order to gain his approval and reduce the level of social problems that have long plagued society as a result of multiple factors. Often flattery from the husband to his wife for the same reasons and motives in particular, if sex is a mediator, his intercession is not rejected. Another reprehensible and ugly face is used by flatterers and climbers to obtain personal gains and benefits. The Arabs set a clear rule for distinguishing between praise and flattery. If a person exceeds the limit in his praise, he enters the limit of flattery. If an Arab visits a man and exaggerates his praise, he feels a strange welcome and interest from him that he did not know before. He said: “Deliberations are not warm.” In the sense that some object was the reason for this welcome filled with flattery. There are many prolific poets who bring rulers to the level of divinity (God forbid) for money and prestige. And there are those who slander the people of truth for being the opponents of the sultan, and he obtains from them with his hair and tongue, and the purpose is also money and prestige. Perhaps the man deliberately reported this to the pilgrims; For his knowledge of the man's hatred of the people of the house. And that Egyptian poet approached the Mamluk ruler in a strange and strange way, as he described an earthquake that occurred in Egypt as a dance performed by the globe for the joy of that ruler.

Our research talks about social criticism in the poetry of ((Ali bin Khalaf Al-Huwaizi)), which is one of the poets of the eleventh century AH. Dealing with each other, so he took the political aspects, which is the aspect he was most interested in because he is their leader, then the religious aspect because he had religious and moral upbringing, as well as the economic aspect, so he was the voice of his society defending him, the poet does not break away from his society, any detection of a flaw or deficiency Hidden. This defect may be political, religious, economic, or moral, all of which falls under the concept of social criticism.Keyword: Employ proverbs, Al-Rusafi, Rusafi poetry The study of social criticism in the poetry of ((Ali bin Khalaf Al-Huwaizi)) is a reading in real and social life, and a vision of reformist thought. Therefore, we find that the prince poet is concerned with establishing justice, equality and noble free living. We know that a society is not without negatives and deteriorating conditions, especially in In light of the life of wars, poverty, hunger and misery, which result in societal diseases and economic problems, they are a sustenance on the social life of the individual and people,The poet then criticizes her, grumbles, and denounces her, seeking through this to treat and reform them for a dignified life. He acts in directing useful and purposeful formulas, drawing inspiration from his poetic experience and literary ideas as a living model in building a lofty society, and yearns for the authentic Arab values and customs on which he was raised. Especially since the poet is from Arab roots and clans, who were raised on noble morals.We find him yearning for these values with human motives, motivators and sound goals, so he speaks in the language of their condition, narrating and witnessing events that happened in his time in front of his eyes. The people and their persecution, made the poet express his opinion on many noble situations that he found deviated from custom and moral values and the accompanying social defects and bad habits that were prominent at the time.He defined his features, his job and his actions in the reality in which he lives, as we know that the poet is the son of his society, and he does not break away from it. He was up to the responsibility in his noble position. Indeed, he was a prince, a leader, and a skilled poet in his portrayal of events and their criticism of them in the character of an honest advisor.

This research by Sheikh Al-Habrawi, may God have mercy on him, is summarized in several matters related to the subject of his message “Linking the intention to the greatness of ihram”.
Then he explains what is adopted from the Shafi’i doctrine of invoking the same prayer, which is its pillars of the evocation and the customary qarn, then goes to detail and discuss the four types according to the opinion of the Shafi’i imams in these types, explaining what they went and went to with a wonderful explanation and a clear explanation of the sayings of the scholars of the scholars. To go to the public doctrine of evocation and customary qarnation; Because the true evocation and the Qur'an, as mentioned, are intolerable to the human nature, and on this he concluded his research after stating what was supported by this saying from the sayings of the people of knowledge. The following picture: (5662), which is located in (5), and has a size of (15.5 x). 11.5 cm), each line, and in a modified line (8) words, and they are in good and clear handwriting, and they are good and in clear copy handwriting.
I have prepared a brief introduction to the book, in which I spoke a brief explanation about the work, the life of the work, its translation, works and death, and the praise or criticism related to the book, and so on. I have prepared a brief introduction to the book, in which I spoke about a brief explanation about the work, the life of the work, its translation, works and death, and the praise or criticism related to the book - if any - and so on.
God only knows.
God only knows.
He is loyal to success

The Qur’anic verses, especially those that are punctuated by the word Al-Jannah and An-Naar, have many linguistic and aesthetic connotations. On the other hand, it may come with Prepositions , whether they are mono, binary, triple or quadruple, as they generally have deep connotations and indications for them, as this can only be understood by revealing their linguistic veil. Accordingly, this study, by relying on the descriptive-analytical dimension, clarify the connotations of Prepositions in all of their genres, which are summarized as follows:The theoretical dimension: Through this dimension we tend to the transparency of the definitions and limitations of Prepositions and the consequent types of them, such as “Min”, “Fi”, and “Ala” and others. Also this article does not miss their presence in the verses of Al-Jannah and An-Naar.
The Applied Dimension: Through this dimension, this study discuss to the comparing of the theoretical dimension to the applied dimension, It means that there is a semantic communication and unity between the Prepositions to the verses of Al-Jannah and An-Naar.

Jimmy Carter's Policy in dealing with the strategic constant of South Korea's importance to the United States of America constituted an important point in terms of national security for Washington, especially since the Jimmy Carter administration tried to take a different approach to reduce the military presence of the United States of America in South Korea and pressure the costs of foreign military expenditures in this regard to face pressures The economic situation caused by the global oil crisis, and the endeavor to limit the deterrence bases to the Air Force and support the development of the military capabilities of South Korea to bear a greater responsibility in defending itself and increasing its military expenditures. Especially the military leaders who considered this decision not at its right time because of its uncalculated results in light of the continued intentions of North Korea to adhere to its strategic dream of unifying the Korean Peninsula, as well as the failure to conclude a permanent peace agreement between Seoul and Pyongyang that makes South Korea always need the US military presence With sufficient forces to deter any possible aggression, I also participated The legislative institution in the United States, represented by the House of Representatives and the Senate, fears the implementation of this fateful decision, especially since criticism of this Policy also came from some members of the ruling Party, as well as South Korea itself had strong positions and reactions against the timing and speed of the withdrawal and despite the internal political differences But they shared these fears that their country might be exposed to as a result of the US military withdrawal. In addition to the countries allied to Washington and directly or indirectly assisted by the decision to withdraw from South Korea, led by Japan, after it felt the danger of the repercussions of the withdrawal on its interests and security situation. The US Administration had no choice but to reverse this decision.

The regions and cities of the Arab Islamic state witnessed the emergence of a large number of prominent figures of thought and the brilliance of the authorship movement in the third century AH. Poetry, prose, language, and grammar were also famous for the leaders of Islamic thought, even if in its halls the voices of jurists, modernists, narrators and creators. Among these scholars was Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Saeed Al-Bushangi, who lived in the third century AH. Muhammad bin Ibrahim Al-Bushangi is considered one of the important figures in Islamic history, who was He has an impact on the intellectual side as he is one of the encyclopedic scholars through his sheikhs and his students and the diversity of their culture, and that the large number of Al-Bushangi Sheikhs indicates the diversity in the sources of thought from which Al-Bushangi drew his sciences, from the regional point of view, and the intellectual transcendence that distinguished his elders. Most of the scholars of the Islamic states and regions in the East and the West, whom he referred to as steadfastness, praise the books of Jarh and amend them, and agree on the trust of most of them In the narrator, in addition to the intellectual diversity of these sheikhs, they were encyclopedists in the highness of an arrow, which is the characteristic that distinguished the scholars of that era as well as the diversity of its doctrinal and ideological sheikhs, which had the greatest impact on the intellectual and ideological construction of Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Saeed Al-Bushangi and his openness to all known schools of jurisprudence As for the large number of his students, which spread over a wide area of the cities and regions of the Arab Islamic state, this indicates the prestigious scientific reputation that was spread on the horizons of Muhammad bin Ibrahim Al-Bushangi, so the students of science came to hear or narrate to drink from the fountains of this venerable world, and a number of these students were scholars. The great Muslims who left clear imprints on the Islamic intellectual movement in various religious sciences

The research studied the political developments in Poland from the reign of Mieszko II until the end of the reign of Boleslaw II, as that historical period witnessed internal conflicts and external wars that were reflected on the internal conditions of Poland and its position among European circles, and this is what its external enemies found in it, foremost among them Germany, Russia and other European countries. The other opportunity is to seize some of its provinces and cities, This came due to the weak administration and the lack of political experience for some of those who assumed the throne of the country at that time, especially Mieszko II, who because of his indulgence in pleasures, and his lack of political experience, and his wrong dealing with the nobles, and his failure to implement what his subjects aspired to in general as well as his wrong foreign policy Also, through which he plunged himself into unjustified wars, Poland lost its international standing, as it turned from a kingdom like other kingdoms of Europe to a duchy of less international standing, and those internal conflicts and external wars continued during the reign of Casimir I as well. During his reign, Poland witnessed chaos, lawlessness, attacks on clergy and burning of churches, and this was what Poland’s enemies, including Bohemia and Prussia, took advantage of to control some of its cities.This situation continued until the year 1040, when Casimir I adopted a different policy through which he was able to impose authority and law and peace prevailed throughout Poland, which did not involve itself in foreign wars until 1047.
After Boleslaw II assumed the throne of Poland, the latter was plunged into a series of foreign wars in which he tried to impose his control over some European countries to expand his country's borders, but this reflected negatively on the internal situation of Poland in general, which forced Boleslaw II to leave the country, and thus the instability Politics is the dominant characteristic of Poland in that historical period.

The current research aims to know (the effect of cooperative learning in teaching rhetoric and application for fifth-grade literary students). To achieve the research objective, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis:
There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study in the cooperative learning method, and the average scores of the control group students who study in the traditional way. The researcher chose the experimental method with the experimental and control groups with the post-test, and it is one of the partial control designs because it is suitable for the current research conditions. From (63) students, and by random assignment, the two research groups were determined. Division (C) was chosen to represent the experimental group that is taught by following (cooperative learning), and the group (B) became the control group that was taught by the traditional method. The two groups were statistically rewarded in the following variables:
The chronological age calculated in months, the academic achievement of the father and the mother, and the final Arabic language score in the previous year. The researcher identified the scientific material that will be studied during the experiment from the topics of the book of rhetoric and application to be taught, and the researcher formulated a number of behavioral objectives in light of the content of the educational material, which will be studied in the experiment, including the levels of the cognitive domain within Bloom’s classification (remembering, understanding, application, analysis, and synthesis and evaluation) as it reached (50) behavioral goals. The researcher prepared a teaching plan for the experimental group that is taught by the cooperative learning method, and a teaching plan for the control group that is taught in the traditional way. The duration of the experiment lasted for an entire semester, in which the researcher taught the experimental and control groups himself, based on the teaching plans. Difficulty. The results of the research resulted in the superiority of the students of the experimental group who study in the cooperative learning method over the students of the control group who study in the traditional way. Conducting research in the same field as an extension and continuation of this research.

The grammarians of the Arabic language agree that speech falls into two styles: the declarative style and the construction style. The first indicates the news and the second indicates the creation. They divided the construction method into two parts: the creation of my request, which calls for a request that does not occur at the time of the request, for the refusal of the request for obtaining, such as (the command), (the prohibition), (the supplication), (the offer), (the incitement), (the wish), (the begging) and ( Interrogative and (call), and a non-mandatory construction, which does not require a requirement other than the time of the request, such as (verbs of proximity), (verbs of exclamation), (praise and slander), (forms of contracts), (swearing) and (how much news). In this research, we will limit ourselves to studying a number of order construction methods, which are the methods of (wishing, begging, offering and stimulating) because of the diversity of these methods in terms of semantics and tools, and their common use.These methods have been studied according to the comparative approach, which is based on identifying the common characteristics and traits among a group of sister languages that belong to one language family.Since the Arabic language is one of the linguistic group known as the Semitic languages, these methods have been studied in other sister languages, which are the Hebrew language, the Syriac language and the Akkadian language, and wherever there is a subject for comparison in order to identify the similarities and differences and identify the common linguistic features, leading to the establishment of the mother language from which these languages are derived. In this, enrichment and enrichment of the grammar lesson, which remained captive to the traditional (descriptive) style, which no longer brings anything new in such linguistic studies.

Maintaining international peace and security is one of the main goals that international organizations of various kinds seek to achieve, as this goal stems from the goal of the United Nations in saving generations from the scourge of war as stated in the preamble to the Charter of the United Nations. The reason for the existence of the international organization is originally to seek to make the responsibility for maintaining international peace and security concentrated in one authority, namely international organizations, by achieving collective security, rejecting wars and preventing the use of force in international relations, and settling disputes peacefully, as certain organs in the organizations The international mission is to ensure the maintenance of international peace and security. The Charter of the United Nations has made the maintenance of international peace and security at the forefront of the goals that it seeks to achieve, because it contains key elements that collectively constitute an integrated system for international peace and security, whether through general principles and rules that the Charter seeks to impose and respect, or through The mechanisms established by the Charter of the United Nations with the aim of helping states to overcome the differences arising between them, such as the mandate granted by the Charter to the Security Council to intervene in the event of a situation or aggression whose continuation would constitute a threat to international peace and security. The League of Arab States is one of the oldest regional organizations, as it was established before the United Nations. To the trend towards the United Nations to settle the disputes arising between them, and this was the reason for its failure to achieve the goals for which it was established.

This research aims to shed light on the study of transformational generative theory, and applies it to the Arabic language, and also to demonstrate the benefit of those laws that were established by a western scientist (Chomsky), and developed by his followers.
The Holy Qur’anic text was the best example in applying Transformational generative rules, and among these texts Surah( AL-Nahl), which was the best witness to the analysis of Arabic texts according to the transformational generative theory. I devoted this research to study the interrogative of Surah (AL-Nahl).
The main idea of this research was devoted to analyze the interrogative sentence according to the transformational generative theory, and also to clarify what the sentence is composed of in its two parts: the nominal sentence and the verb sentence, and refer it back to its nominal, verbal, or literal components, and then analyze the components of the compound elements with point out to the elements of interrogative in the blessed Qur'anic text.
The idea of the research referred to a topical and general interpretation of the blessed verse before entering into the analysis of its components and also indicated to the interrogative’s purposes in the blessed Qur'anic text.
The research came in two main axes, the first was about the transformational generative theory in Arabic grammar, with reference to the stages that theory has gone through since its establishment, and the second axis; It was an applied study on the interrogative in Surah (AL-Nahl) and then was a conclusion that included the most important results of the research.

Everything in existence has an opposite and an opposite that struggles to produce conflicting feelings and feelings about the psychological state that the poet goes through during his life’s journey. This study is based on the contrast between opposing words and its study is an innovating study through the Budaiya colors, which were represented by the tabaq, the interview, and other innovated arts related to the statement and meanings The opposite correspondence is closely related to the poet’s emotions and feelings, which result in conflicting and crowding words of sadness and joy, death and life, strength and weakness ... etc. It must be noted that this contrast cannot produce a contrast between two words without finding a relationship between the sender. And the future is in the succession of this encounter, so the poet sends the transmitter of this encounter by proving its presence in the same house, so the recipient receives it to discover its aesthetics The nature of the primordial contrast lies through the eloquence that God has broadcasted in His creation in general, and in His teaching the creatures the beauty of the primordial contrast by the contrast between the methods in which there are explicit and esoteric meanings in the text, based on an exploratory study of these methods in poetry (Antarah ibn Shaddad d. ). Perhaps many of the poetic studies associated with the poets of the pre-Islamic era have become dim in attendance among students of literature and writing professionals, and it is more appropriate to present our interests in ancient textual phenomena with contradictory foundations. And these are the first seeds of the different encounters that led me to choose him among the poets of the Muallaqat, Antara (male) and Abla (female).

The grammar lesson in the Arabic language is still a subject of interest and study, due to its importance and role, by which we understand the intent and meanings. The manuscript is a unique copy according to my research, and it is in a copyist handwriting and not in the author’s handwriting. The nature of the research necessitated that it be divided into two sections, the first is the study, and the second is the investigation The first centered on the study of the author and the related translation, his writings, his scientific status, the statement of the manuscript’s copy, documenting his name and its attribution to its owner, its importance and scientific value, grammatical evidence, describing the manuscript and the copyist’s approach, and my methodology in investigation. The manuscript contains many spelling and grammatical errors, which I corrected as required by the correctness of the context. I drew attention to the spelling errors in the study, and I corrected these errors in the investigation. Because the main task in the investigation is to bring out the text in the correct way, and the second topic was devoted to investigation, In this manuscript, the author collected a large amount of syntax in a succinct manner. He tried to understand all its parts. It was a valuable manuscript worthy of study and care. The investigation - as I see it - was complete, not long, boring, nor disgraceful short. It deserves an explanation and clarification because it was mentioned very briefly, including the controversial issues, as well as the graduation of the texts and their attribution. His field and place it in the hands of the students of knowledge. The wheel of knowledge is still spinning. God made it a useful work.

Recently, the phenomenon of underage marriage has spread clearly in Iraqi society, as parents marry off their daughters at a young age to financially empowered people, and this phenomenon is the result of backwardness and failure to take into account the human value of the girl, as we must give her care and attention to be eligible to perform an important leadership responsibility in building The family and this important role is ignored by tribal traditions. There are a number of reasons that help to spread this dangerous phenomenon. Many motives push parents to throw their daughters into an unknown marriage, and this phenomenon is a social catastrophe in Iraq. Underage marriage is a widespread and inherited phenomenon in society, especially in the countryside, which is difficult to reverse because it is an eternal tradition without Feeling any embarrassment to do this because they are convinced that the Islamic religion has not set an age for marriage without considering that the marriage of a minor girl may negatively affect her health and also the society because she may not be a mother and is not qualified to raise her children who will become like her after several years . The importance of the research came to deal with the causes and effects that lead to the marriage of minors, and this study reached through the questionnaire distributed in the Personal Status Court in the city of Diwaniyah to (67) married minor girls to a set of results, the most prominent of which is: Rejection of the idea of early marriage in society because of its effects Great because it is the deprivation of the young girl from the most prominent of her rights, which is the right to life and the right to education, as well as the possibility of her exposure to psychological disorders and customs and traditions a major role because it is one of the causes that directly affect this phenomenon and early marriage is doomed to failure because the girl when she marries at an early age is not eligible She has no experience in dealing with marital problems and life difficulties in general, which leads to the failure of the marital relationship and divorce

Federico Garcia Lorca is the most important Spanish poet and playwright in the twentieth century. He was born on June 5, 1898 CE, in Fuenette Fagodes, a small town a few miles from Granada, who grew up with great love in the region.
His father owned a farm in the fertile areas around Granada, and a palace in the city center, and his mother was a teacher, smart, educated, and with imagination, she took it upon himself to teach him pronunciation and language, because he found it difficult in his first life.
Lorca's poetry and plays combine elements of Andalusian folklore with often sophisticated and surreal poetic techniques, and across all social and educational barriers, have succeeded in creating viable poetic language for a stage superior to the works of his contemporaries.
A poet and playwright, he moved the night of August 19, 1936 to an unknown location near Granada where he was killed by nationalists at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, and is considered the greatest poet of Spain in the last century, and certainly the greatest Spanish writer since the golden age.
The study aims to identify the effects of the poet Federico Garcia Lorca and the theatrical literary works on the Arab theater in particular, by focusing on the bloody wedding play or the blood wedding.
The research problem revolves around: How has Lorca's literature affected Arab literature, especially in the field of theater? Did his literature find popularity in the Arab theater? And why? What is the impact of the subjects that Luka tackled in his plays and influenced the Arab theater?
The research is expected to reach conclusions, including:
1. The influence of Lorca in the field of Arab theater, as he was a defender of women, after seeing injustice against women in Spanish society, and that applied to our Arab societies, whether it was within the framework of the perception of women or to be symbolic to the system of government.
2. The theater of Lorca is popular in the Arab theater for the similarity of roles between what happened previously and what is currently taking place in Arab society, including social and economic contradictions and political turmoil.
3. The Lorca plays and themes are comprehensive and this vision made his plays suitable for any time and place.

Create a perfect personality in Islamic perspective needs criteria that must be matched. These criteria need to be defined and well described first. These criteria can determine the behavior and how to deal with life issues. Everyone in the society needs to understand these criteria in order to follow them and induce every member in the society to follow them which can result having a perfect society based on Islamic requirements. It is elementary and compulsory for Muslims to follow the Islamic instructions from deep inside in their daily life. The better and more stable life ill be obtained when Muslims follow these instructions. Allah almighty and the Sunna determine and describe these criteria in very clear way, as follows:
The brain and the thinking way control the rest of the body and the personality, and therefore , every person must think about everything and get rid of anything does not match the Islamic instructions.
The soul controls the relationship/ connection between people and the almighty. This relationship can be enhanced through the more and/or better worship which also results better and more friendly person.
The body which is the vessel that contains the brain, and the almighty shows how we can keep the body healthy through exercising and following a healthy diet. These are in line with the current scientific findings.
Aforementioned, the perfect Islamic personality is stable, healthy, and friendly. Thus, this personality is very distinctive, and it must be protected from any external force that aims to destroy these criteria.

Verbs in Arabic in terms of transgressive and imperative are of two types: transitive and imperative. The transitive is the one who reaches the object without a preposition, and is called a transitive by itself, a definite and a transgressive, but he was named by these nouns because the subject transgressed the object by it, transcended it, and the verb of the subject fell upon him.
As for the imperative: it is the one who suffices with its subject and is limited to it and does not reach the object except by means of a preposition, and is called a minor, or a transitive with the preposition, and is named by these names because of the necessity of the subject and limiting it to him, so he did not exceed it to anyone else and did not exceed it to others. But it is possible to set up the equivalent effect of the effects and the like.
There are many verbs in Arabic that are used both intransitive and intransitive at the same time, including the verb (return), which was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an as imperative in many verses, and its source was (return), and it came in transitive by itself in other verses and its source was (return).
This research came to clarify and enumerate these places, and to clarify the moral difference between its use of the imperative and its transitive use. This verb was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an in its three forms (past, present, and imperative), and for this reason the research is divided into three sections (according to the verb’s divisions in terms of time).
In the first section, we studied the verb (return) in the past tense in the Noble Qur’an, and we have shown the places where it appears in the imperative and the places of its transitive occurrence.
As for the second section, we devoted it to the present tense of the verb (return), in which different readings were mentioned, so we included these readings and explained the difference between them.
The third section showed the places of the command in the verb (return) and what was necessary and transitive.
We preferred this division to divide the research into two sections (intransitive and transitive) because we found that the present tense of the verb (return) has special provisions for it, as two different readings were mentioned in it. studying.

An Inquiry in to Farabi Intellectual System
Abstract: Farabi with the help of liberality, which is the gift of thinking(khoz Armaghan) ,in logical issues, he studies and criticizes the most important aspect of religion "prophecy". Because,the relationship between God and man, that is the essence of the religious message , is possible through prophet and prophecy. Farabi's discussion of prophecy, resurrection and lmamate is a philosophical discussion, not a theological one, and in its shadow, he seeks the defense of rationality, not necessary the defense of religion.
According to Farabi, the leader of the Utopia, has the power , talent , skilland understanding which is required by politics. Therefore, politics, if it is superior, is a profession all kinds of other virtues, that is , theoretical, intellectual and moral virtues are gathered. With this statement, "civil science", should not be considered only as a science of various types of politics but also contains the basic of utopian politics.
The existence of wise leader or prophet, is necessary for the livelihood and rights of people depending on the participation of people in the city. And because the relationships and trades of people are requiring justice, and when there is justice that is law, tradition and civil politics, it needs certain legislation,and the legislator must be one who recognize both livelihoods and resurrections of the people, and has power on forbidden and prohibiting them. And this is the man who must be said has reached revelation (Prophet). When it is revealed to man , he has reached perfection, that is, to the extent that there is no mediator between him and active intellect.

The Angel’s Night novel by the novelist Nizar Abdel Sattar seeks to exploit the miraculous data and adapt it as a technique in drawing new boundaries for the use of modern technologies for the Iraqi novel. This novel with many faces (philosophical, hermeneutic, realistic) presents many statements through its narrative space, which makes it a turning point in the literary history of the novelist Nizar Abdel Sattar. And between the miraculous supernatural, the language of the text was miraculous, raising astonishment and tension for the reader, which highlights the writer’s ability to evoke the miraculous imaginative side that was distinguished by deviating from the usual pattern, as he invests all myths and symbols, to impart human connotations and connotations as well as his ability to create functional interdependence in the formation of his text Narrative, which makes its text sensitive to writing, and it is difficult for the researcher to uncover its depths and explore its meaning and metaphors due to the discrepancy between the past and the present. Damaged back and forth through the space of myth and reality full of contradictions, as well as the intense symbolic language, which led to the disruption of time and its overlapping and fragmentation in the text space, which made the text need deep critical readings and special critical listening as a text that is not subject to traditional critical readings. Abdul Sattar is a hybrid character, half of whom is human and the second is an animal to make it penetrate temporal and historical distances and have the supernatural ability to do wonders as well as change, which made the novelistic formation of the text space unconventional and unfamiliar, making the text a narrative world parallel to reality and contributing to its criticism.

Al-Dimna is the oldest health institution that appeared in (Africa) that took upon itself the responsibility of treating people with infectious diseases prevalent at the time and providing them with the necessary services‚ Its work was carefully organized, similar to the work of health institutions (quarantine) at the present time, where the infected are isolated in places prepared for this purpose, to avoid mixing them with the healthy and thus preventing the transmission of the infection to them, It was supervised and monitored by custodians whose mission was to watch over its order and the comfort of its residents, and to monitor those who visited it from abroad, as well as supervising and inspecting patients and prescribing appropriate treatment for them. Dimna was a shelter for the blind, the elderly, the poor, the servants, the ascetics, and the needy, It was like a home for them to live in and take refuge in,It included all the necessary facilities needed by the patient or the resident, and it had a self-contained device that was sufficient at that time to achieve the desired goal , Many parties have contributed to the attention of the (Al-Dimna) institution, took care of it, allocated their time and effort to it, and took care of all the care and attention needed by its residents, such as spending on it and providing them with the necessary life necessities, Dimna was the object of the care and care of the princes who were customarily assigned to visit it during the days of the seasons and legal holidays, and they singled out those in it for alms and giving, Dimna was also the center of attention of notable scholars, scholars and the general public as well, for they used to send their alms to its people during the seasons and holidays and provide them with the clothes and food they needed, The interest in Al-Dimna, taking care of it and taking care of its inhabitants was not limited to princes, notables and the common people only, but the doctors participated in that ((body jurists)) , During the research period, a group of scholars, jurists and military men appeared who took some medicine with what they had undertaken from experience and took it with the inherited tradition, They were present in the ranks of the Islamic army, treating the sick and wounded fighters in the fields of conquests and wars.

The human voice constitutes the first language subject in linguistic study, as each linguistic group has a specific and distinctive approach to formulating its words from the sounds produced by the human speech apparatus. Language is sounds with which every people expresses their purposes, so every sound has a meaning, and the sound is the symbol and the signified is what the symbol refers to, as the linguistic group colluded with it, which is what is called the convention and agreement of the people to name something by a name. Each science has its own terminology, and the linguistic sound is a science that has its own foundations and concepts.Intonation linguists and Arabic linguists in Al-Andalus considered a phonetic term which behavior varied between agreement and disagreement. It was found that each group relied on some principles that can be close or far with using this term on which a transmitted material in linguistic, grammatical, and morphological studies was based. The phonetic study of linguists in Al-Andalus depended on an accurate sense to distinguish sounds. It was indicated that their goals of studying the phonetic term was a morphological issue not a phonetic issue. They noticed a single sound and realized the aim of characteristics diversity and pronunciation. Furthermore, they had not presented an independent study referring of pronunciation organ except dealing with phonetic outputs. On the other side, the Intonation linguistic in Al-Andalus noticed Phonology rather than Fontica which was the basis of their studies because it was a core of understanding a phonetic juxtaposition in Quranic readings. They particularized of taking the pronunciation organs and described them precisely based on the previous knowledge in Anatomy and of showing some illustrated figures. In addition, they utilized complete, incomplete, strong, and weak diphthongs which have never been studied by the linguists.The interest of the ancients and their care of the phonetic term resulted in many terms mentioned in their works, so it was necessary here to shed light on the terms that were mentioned on both sides of the equation in our study in order to strike a balance between them in this regard. Vocabulary terminology.

This research entitled ( Nature Symbolization in Models of Al Qatami Poetry ) includes the study of silent and moving nature issues. And the nature of the study is based on the disclosure of these topics as coding for several meanings and connotations. It is these themes symbolizing those meanings that activate the semantic value of these multiple themes in the poetic text. The study methodology is represented in the conceptual theoretical approach to the research title represented by the term coding, as its linguistic roots and its relationship to the concept of the symbol were traced, as well as the cognitive perceptions related to it and its active role in enhancing the text suggestive, semantic and synthetic. Then the third axis included the identification of silent and moving subjects, and the silent subjects of nature were represented by (ruins, rain, mountains, night, and sun).
While the moving subjects of nature were represented by (camel, horse, bull, wild cow and pigeon). With regard to the results of the research, the symbolic and suggestive level of those topics was revealed, which revealed the meanings of strength, unity, anxiety, patience, beauty and other meanings. And the manifestations of nature varied with its symbols for the poet, as rain became a symbol of memory, loneliness and nostalgia, the night a symbol of anxiety, contemplation, stillness and fear, the sun a symbol of life and light, rain a symbol of giving and survival, a camel a symbol of journey, companionship, endurance and patience, horses a symbol of courage, strength, victory and survival, and the bull and wild cows a symbol of anxiety. Fear and flight, the dove is a symbol of intimacy, nostalgia and safety.
Al-Qatami’s poetry of nature was a world full of symbolic meanings and connotations that were embodied in its spatial, temporal and animal manifestations, and this resulted in images and deep meanings in its symbolic, existential and emotional inspiration.

Population policy is one of the most important topics that have increased attention in recent times, due to the importance of the role of demographic variables in development, as it is affected by the economic and social reality of nations and human groups. Or modifying it in order to raise the standard of living and achieve well-being for society. On the other hand, development is intended as a process consisting of a series of national and structural variables with the intent of reaching the specific goal that the development policy aims at. Therefore, the importance of this topic came through studying the interrelationship between population and development policies. The light is on two different countries in terms of population policy, which is a set of administrative programs, legislative measures, and governmental procedures. advanced capitalism that the countries of Underdeveloped will not get out of the cycle of malicious poverty, died, population growth was not controlled, while the view of socialism was that when talking about development we must put the issue of population aside, because the poverty that the underdeveloped countries suffer from is due to the economic exploitation of them by the developed countries and the control of these We find that nationalists believe that more population will lead to more productivity and thus more economic power. Marxists believe that there is no causal relationship between population and economic development. Poverty, hunger and other social diseases accompanying economic development are the result of the nature of economic and social institutions. The list is not due to population growth.

The Arab morphology arose, in the shadow of the Arab grammar, until it became independent separately from it at the hands of the Mazeni T 249 AH. And because the morphology is dealing with the structure of words, their origins, and their branches, this matter is empty of opinion, its attraction:
1- Individuals on the one hand, 2-and traditional linguistic schools of thought on the second hand. 3- Modern linguistics, from a third party
Various versions have been made of different versions of this type of sentence. In preparation for developing solutions to it; Breathing this important lesson
This claim of difficulty is not an incident today, nor is it the one who twirled the new generation with what they inherited from the ancestors, but rather it is an old claim, which we felt resonated with our early scholars, including Ibn Jinni d. 392 AH, down to the modern linguists. This fact is latent among our early scholars, for this is Ibn Jinni who says (it was necessary for whoever wanted to know grammar to begin with knowledge of the conjugation, but this kind of knowledge, when it was difficult and difficult, began before him with knowledge of grammar, then it was brought after so that the satisfaction in grammar would be the footing for entering into it. and appointed to know its purposes and meanings and to conduct the situation). This is an explicit statement from a Nahreer scholar of Arabic, whose name and writings filled the horizons, and he describes Arabic exchange as (the difficult difficult). Talking about the difficulty of morphology is often accompanied by talking about the difficulty of grammar (and grammar and morphology are from the language sciences, whose owners claim that they have matured until they were burnt, and in fact, they are neither mature nor burned, but they are still asking for more research and study, to renew their youth and correct their concepts, and what more is found. One in their old systems of difference and contradiction)
That is why I explored the sources and research that I had about this aspect, and I stood on the difficulties that befell the ancients and moderns in Arabic exchange, which are not few, and I touched on some of the mentioned solutions, and the problem seems really realistic, and we need to study this subject seriously so that we may come up with suitable solutions. For these difficulties, we return to this type of linguistic linguistic lesson its importance, and bring it closer to the souls of the students, and this is not promoted by an individual effort. she has. So, I liked to shed light on this aspect, with what I was able to do with the lack of time, and I presented this juice, which I hope will be satisfied and accepted, in what I wrote. And God I pray for acceptance of this humble work.

The research aims to uncover the treatment of Arabic speech by Sibawayh and considers it an encyclopedia of use by those who depend on it, and this use cannot be rejected. Because it is a speech the speakers have used the understanding with for a long time and they did not find it strange to their language, rather the language in them had the capacity for acceptance for every speech that could be understood, so Sibawayh encountered a linguistic use whose use descended from an Arab origin, but it is on a varying degree of eloquence or the criterion of many and few, but this did not represent in Sibawayh a control by which to trim and reject usage, but described it with multiple rulings, as if he worked his thought in language to make it in a way that prefer some of them over others, and the matter in dealing with language is not based on rejection and reaction of use as much as we notice that he makes it a reason by the abundance of stractural formulas That comes upon it, so that its justification for linguistic use represents a clear direction towards the modern study represented by the transformative generative theory, to find patterns of sentences composed in speech whose criterion is grammatical and semantic validity, which are produced - the sentences - the linguistic ability of the speakers and their efficiency to perform it.

The current study aims at investigating the effect of RSQC2 (Recall, Summarize, Question, Comment and Collect) strategy on the students\\' achievement in reading comprehension. To achieve the aim of the study, it is hypothesized that there is no statistically significant difference between the achievement of the experimental group (who is taught reading comprehension by using RSQC2 technique and that of the control group (who is taught reading comprehension according to the traditional way). The sample is represented by the Second stage students/ Morning Studies in the College of Basic Education/ University of Babylon for the academic year (2018-2019) who were 62 students (after the process of removing the repeaters) distributed into two equalized in number groups, i.e., 31 students in the experimental group and 31 students in the control group. The experimental group was taught by applying the RSQC2 technique, but the control group was taught by the traditional method of teaching. Statistical tools used are (Mean, Standard Deviation, t test). After the statistical analysis of the data obtained using the t-test formula for two independent samples, it is stated that the difference between the two mean scores of the treatment groups is statistically significant at 0.05 level in favor of the experimental group.
In the light of the study result, the researchers conclude that RSQC2 strategy provides students with a highly organized opportunity to remember, summarize, and review content covered in a previous class, as well as compare and share their recall, comprehension, and assessment with their classmates and instructor, and they recommend a list of recommendations for further studies.