Wasit Journal for Human Sciences

Abstract:
The surrent aims to identify the parental stress and its relationship to panic disorder in children with autism and the differences of statistical significance in the correlation between parental stress and panic disorder according to according to sex and age (less than 35 - more than 35) The researcher adopted the prepared the scale prepared by (Al-Terkawi, 2022) for parental stress, and the scale prepared by (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) for panic disorder, and after verifying the validity and reliability of the research tools, it was applied to a sample of (220) respondents The results of the research revealed that of Autistic children have parental stress as well as panic disorder and the existence, of a statistically significant relationship between parental stress and panic disorder, and the results also showed that there were no differences in the correlation according to gender, while differences appeared in the correlation according to age and in favor of less than (35 years) The research came out with a number of recommendations, including the demand to open governmental and free care centers for children with autism to train and treat children and relieve families of children with autism financially, and to direct the media and guidance units in state institutions to provide guidance for people with autism and provide them with positive energy. According to the results, the researchers recommend the following to find the relationship between parental stress with other variables such as parental resilience, parental role restrictions, burden, and also the relationship between emotional stability with some variables such as post-traumatic stress, psychological reassurance among children with autism.

This research endeavors to enrich the understanding of the Holy Quran by incorporating modern scientific knowledge, which can unveil many of its hidden treasures. By harnessing the power of textual media competence, this study seeks to refine and narrow down the range of potential interpretations associated with certain Quranic vocabulary. The findings of this research have yielded favorable outcomes, albeit raising objections and sparking debates between proponents and opponents. Nevertheless, the key lies in embracing a balanced approach, rejecting any exaggerations or deviations from the truth. Consequently, this study showcases the potency of media competence within the realm of the Quran, addressing aspects ranging from nouns and verbs to stylistic devices and linguistic nuances, all while maintaining conciseness due to the limited scope of the investigation.

The ability to perceive semantic relations allows the listener to grasp the meanings that arise from the coherence of discourse. A word or sentence cannot be fully comprehended in isolation; its meaning unfolds only when its connection to other elements within the text is recognized. This is because a text possesses a unified and interrelated framework, establishing both syntactic and semantic relationships among its components. The objective of this study was to delve into this cohesive structure and its associated meaning, while identifying the relationships existing between them in the Quranic discourse focused on the self. These relationships were analyzed utilizing the framework of textual syntax, as per the theory employed in this study. While sentence syntax primarily concerns itself with establishing connections between words within a sentence, it does not encompass the relationships between consecutive sentences in a text. Given that the Holy Quran is an interconnected and coherent text, our investigation necessitated an examination within the scope of textual syntax. It became evident that there exists compositional coherence and semantic integration between the units of the Quranic text, regardless of whether they manifest as individual words or complete sentences.

The novels on migration contributed to highlighting the alienation and dispersal of the fictional character toward the Western other, with whom the relationship is based on feelings of inferiority, conspiracy, and sometimes violence. This achieves transformation in the position of these characters in the world of the novel as a whole, as well as changes in the body, form, and roles. This study attempts to clarify the justifications for those transformations that occur in the novelist's character, whether they are fundamental, accidental transformations, or relative. and what is the relationship of this to the Western other that the character carries within and whose influence increases or sometimes shrinks according to the interaction of the character and its integration, or even its isolation. All this weight is cast on the Affiliation or non-affiliation of the personality and the sensitivity of this to the concept of identity.

European countries tried to connect some countries of the East wihrin a policy called the “Policy of Alliance”, including Britain, France and the United States of America, to preserve their interests in the East, such as “Baghdad pact” in of 1955 AD, which is one of those alliances, by Turkey joined it and then Iran. This research will deal with Iran's joining to this alliance and Russia's attitude towards this based on what was stated in the files of the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The current research aims to identify the relationship between job attachment and positive thinking among educational counselors, and to reveal the correlation between them. The current research was confined to educational counselors of both sexes in intermediate , preparatory and secondary schools in the governorates of Wasit, Maysan and Dhi-Qar for the academic year (2022-2023). The research community consisted of (1365) male and female counselors, whereas the sample of the statistical analysis was (200) male and female counselors . The researcher adopted the scale of (Hassan, 2021) for job attachment and the scale of (Shahd, 2017) for positive thinking. The two scales took into account the indicators of validity and reliability , and the data were analyzed statistically, using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), the results showed the following:
1- Educational counselors have job attachment through the tasks assigned to them .
2- Educational counselors enjoy positive thinking due to their ability to adapt to society and its events

This research seeks to reveal the structure of the mask and its transformations in a collection (facing each picture) by the Iraqi poet Jarrah Karim Al-Musawi. This is because the poet directed the poem towards the areas of narration in its narrative structure by summoning various historical and religious figures and convincing them to express a similar reality that he lived through. That is, the poet realizes this reality and rejects it, so he resorts to the symbol of the mask that gives him freedom of expression. Al-Moussawi took advantage of the power of the mask by summoning traditional figures.The mask formed a pivotal element in his poetic experience, and this narrative element made a clear contribution to shaping the artistic and intellectual structures that make up his poetic text. Which gave it a dramatic character. The poet also addressed various human and cosmic issues through the mask technique. The research area was divided into theoretical thalamus, In it, we dealt with the concept of the term (the poem of the mask) and the factors that called for the modern Arab poet to employ the mask technique poetically. Then the applied study was divided into two sections: The first topic was titled (Transformations of the Mask in the Religious Personality). While the second topic was labeled (the transformations of the mask in the historical personality).

The Quranic structure and contexts are among the important topics in linguistic studies . The Quranic words which are the basis of the construction and composithon of the Quranic structuctures and contexts are especially important .The vesearecher chose the word Alsidq to be the subject of the study.
The strachures and contexts of the word ,Alsidq, varied . The word , Alsidq , occurred as noun and a verb The noun , Alsidq , occurred Nariously as a noun , an active participle , a comparatire and asuperlative . The verb , Alsidg , occurred in the past and present temses . The struchures and contexts gave the word a new linguistic meaning.

This research seeks to clarify the meanings of lifting in the Holy Qur’an, as it mentions the linguistic meaning of lifting, and separates it from the words belonging to its semantic field, and then displays its meanings using the Quranic context, as it traces the meaning of meaning in the Holy Quran and deals with research and analysis and provides a brief conclusion with it.

The police force in the early-Islamic ages has been founded to providing security and stability to citizens. Maintaining security and protecting lives, and property, and guarding public order in all the social, economic, health, and welfare aspects has been prioritized by many rulers, Caliphs, and regional governors. This force has worked to prevent and detect all forms of crime. A strong and reliable police service was a necessity to enforce law, keep order, and maintain security.
Stability, therefore, has helped reaidents and businesses grow, develop and prosper. The early beginnings of the emergence of the policing system in the early-Islamic ages were in the age of the Prophet as well as his successors, the Rashidun caliphs. The ealy secret service was limited in powers but later on this service was expanded particularly under the the-then Umayyad-era caliphs. In the Abbasid ages, the security services developed further into organized appliances. These services were no longer restricted to regular missions but they were also entrusted with new and different tasks. The development of security services throughout the centuries-long Islamic empires and states explained why these political powers survived. This profession played a significant role in the spread and expansion of these states, a single police member under a Caliph could manage to implement several tasks having been authorized by the head of the state to enforce law and keep order.
Keywords are: ((Secret service; Security; Police force; Internal security; Islamic states; State services))

In their policy, the Umayyads relied on the countries belonging to them in general, and Iraq in particular, in devious ways to establish the foundations of their rule, including the poiicy the stick and cayyot. There is no doubt that this policy hasd an impact on the majority of the groups of society that the Umayyads aspired to control, and bring them under their rule. The mass thinkmg not based on mental evidence or logic. And , it may suffice to move it by a fleeting sign that stirs feelings and inflames souls, and thus it can work to exploit it for the benefit of a specific matter without any interest of its own. The Qur’anic texts called for a political and intellectual confrontation, a rejection of unjust and corrupt orders, and a lack of obedience to the rulers who follow their whims, relying on them and fulfilling their desires. In the hadiths of the imams, peace be upon them, there are words that aim at harming the soul from submitting to the desires of the soul and relying on the world, because that turns a person into an easy-to-purchase tool, and he sells his religion and conscience for the price of gold.

Abstract
This research paper is an attempt to trace the origin of Kurdish culturally bound words and phrases. These linguistic components are associated mainly with farming, sheep keeping, blacksmithing, carpentering, religion, education, and everyday life activities. The current study aims to pinpoint the origin of these linguistic units in order to display their literal and then figurative sense. Another aims is to show how culture shapes language. The methodology process involves three separate steps. In phases one, two and three the researcher respectively, decides what to research, makes a plan for the research study, and finally conducts the research study. The data collection tools used are observation and reading sources. The results show that most culture-bound items have both literal and/or metaphorical use and that language and culture are inseparable. The study also concludes that it is essential to compile etymological dictionaries for Kurdish language.

I. ABSTRACT:
It is too difficult to master Phrasal verbs (PVs), because they are great in number and sometimes ,they have multiple meanings. Therefore, some scholars described them in their studies as "a recurring nightmare for the learner in English language" (Keall et al., 2006) and in other studies, the phrase was described as "not enjoying a good reputation." Therefore, research studies have worked to avoid English language learners from these difficulties that lie in the actual phrases in English language, and previous experimental studies have instructed to avoid using phrases that include grammatical differences between (the Arabic mother tongue - L1 - and secondary English - L2 - Avoidance leads to semantic difficulty(Laufer & Eliasson, 1993). Since new studies on avoidance give many reasons, however, they show the differences between the mother tongue and the target language (L1-L2), in addition to the nature of the two languages in terms of the multiple meanings of the English phrase, and this is reflected in the behavior of Arab learners of the English language in taking avoidance as an excuse to solve the problem of the difficulties they face in this topic, which is related to the English phrasal verb: We will conduct an experiment from some Arab learners to measure:
1. The level of proficiency of the learners,
2. The studied language, i.e. the target language, requires a reasonable
period of time to study it and learn about its aspects and secrets.
3. Types of the phrasal verbs discussed in this research, and then the results will be recorded in practice in this same research to determine the degree of avoidance.
Key words: Phrasal Verbs( PVs) , Verbal phrase( VPs) , Prepositions, The use of Arabic , avoidance

Abstract
The current study attempts to examine the productivity of legal interpreters in rendering the information from Arabic into English language and vice versa of legal inquisition discourse. It proposes that even though legal interpreters are obliged to convey the legal discourse faithfully and accurately. However, several factors influence the interpreter’s productivity which, in turn, provides an inaccurate or unrelated statement. In order to test the validity of the hypothesis of this study, nineteen videos have been analyzed, recorded at Iraqi governmental institutions, e.g. Basrah Federal Appeal Court and Basrah International Airport. These renderings are analyzed according to Daniel Gile’s (2009) Effort Model and Alessandra Riccardi’s (1999) Error Analysis

act
The current study is devoted to
the analysis of the phenomenon of
anti-sectarianism in the Glorious
Quran from the Pragma-rhetorical
perspective. Anti-sectarianism is
expressed in many Quranic verses
via different linguistic aspects,
particularly pragmatic and
rhetorical sides. The use of these
pragmatic and rhetorical aspects
has made the expressions of anti
sectarianism a bit difficult to be
recognised by common readers of
the language of the Glorious
Quran, especially those who lack
knowledge of these pragmatic and
rhetorical aspects. Therefore, the
current study aims at identifying
the pragmatic and rhetorical
aspects that are adopted in
expressing the concept of anti
sectarianism in the Glorious
Quran. The study is qualitative in ---------------------------
nature since it is based on
Searle’s (1969) classification of
speech act, Leech’s (1969)
rhetorical devices and Grice’s
(1975) theory of implicatures.
Four Quranic verses have been
selected as samples of the current
study. The study, after
investigating the selected data, it
has been found that the selected
verses included different forms of
speech acts such as directive,
commissive and representative.
They also include several forms
of conversational implicatures.
Besides that, the selected verses
contain some rhetorical devices
such as hyperbole, simile and
allegory.
Key words: Anti-sectarianism,
pragmatics, rhetoric, Glorious
Quran, religious language.

Abstract
This study elucidates the pragmatic aspects of the Feminism Discourse in the Glorious Quran. This study aims to discuss the contextual meaning of this Feminism Discourse and explore its pragmatic meanings. Consequently, these Feminism Discourses are found in various contexts. In this respect, this study focuses on the pragmatic meanings of these Feminism Discourses. Thus, this study attempts to identify the types of speech acts, kind of implicature, the form of politeness, and presuppositions implemented in these Feminism Discourses. Whether the feminism discourse is addressed by her or addressed to her, there are many styles related to the feminism discourse. To accomplish the study aims; Researchers adopt a model based on Searle's (1969) types of speech acts, Grice's (1975) theory of implicature, Leech's (1983) theory of politeness, and Yule's (1996)division of presupposition by choosing four Quranic verses from the Glorious Quran to analyse these Feminism Discourses. This study has determined that the Feminism Discourses have different interpretations, demonstrating

Abstract

Analogizing is not something which has not completely new; it is familiar for linguists and whoever interested in linguistics. Analogy by itself is always studied as a concept. People tend to use it in their everyday speeches, conversations, pep talks (encouraging speeches) and even in movies and TV series. However it is barely noticed in songs and the music making genre. Even though it is used widely in songs, there are almost no noticeable remarks of it being studied the way it is going to be presented in this current study. In general, music is now considered a mean of communication just as much as any other mean which is mentioned above. People are able to communicate through their songs with each other and even with their fans. When singers themselves are the songwriters as well, they tend to write their experiences and feelings throughout their songs, and as they try to be as private and poetic as they could be, they usually do not write the same exact words. One of the ways of twisting those words is analogizing. When a song is telling a story, the context becomes available to the listeners, and if they already know the background narrative of that song, it becomes even easier to be understood. Tackling analogy as a process and calling it analogizing means tracking down how it goes from the first use of the analogized words, then their reason of use (trigger), until the end of it when the purpose (function) of those words is revealed. This study aims to detect the hidden message songwriters may put in their songs. It may help to disclose some inspirational meanings behind some well-known poems and odes. This paper undertakes the song "All Too Well" from a pragmatic perspective as it is a ten minute song which tells the story of the break-up and breakdown of a picture perfect relationship that was not meant to last.

Justification covers a variety of actions which need to be reasoned in one way or another. The present study scrutinizes justification as an act of giving explanations for the truth in the slip opinion of a selected criminal case. The study aims at investigating justification in the slip opinion of Thompson vs. Clark Et. Al’s criminal case. It also aims at examining the most frequent type of pragmatic strategies. The study incorporates pragmatic strategies to analyze the data qualitatively and quantitatively to achieve the aim. The first strategy is composed of types of reasoning; meanwhile, the second strategy is composed of the structures of inference. The study hypothesizes that deductive reasoning is the most prominent one and the argument from an established rule is the most common type structure of inference that is generally utilized in the slip opinion. The study concludes that deductive reasoning is employed more than other types in this case, meanwhile, the argument from an established rule is employed more than any other arguments in the judicial decision and this is due to its structure which is very common

Abstract
As commonly evident the literary trauma theory consists of intertextuality, repetition and dispersed or fragmented narrative voice. That is why the main mission of the study is to trace these three elements to prove them traumatic and autobiographical as well in George Szirtes's poems. The importance of such a sample lurks in the fact that the poet himself experiences painful traumatic situations in the aftermath of the Holocaust events in his childhood sticking to his life as traumatic memories. The loss of his dearest relatives, especially his mother, and his life at another country, are highly reflected in his writings, especially poetry. As such his poems are dovetailed with a tint of melancholy, nostalgic desire and refusal to return to the past.
Thematically accounting, Szirtes draws in his poetry from different sources in life; myth, cultural traditions, religious stories, and from other writings, especially those who had experienced the same conditions in their lives, as Nelly Toll and W.G.Sebald. Therefore the shouts of intertextuality emanate so vehemently from these allusions as he reverts to the great poets like Eliot and Keats for deep expressing philosophical meanings .Then the titles of his poems have drawn from his traumatic experiences in his life, Metro (1988) explores the Jewish side of family history and the Bridge Passages (1991) was a witness to the collapse of Hungarian state in 1989. As Technically found , Szirtes , trained in portraiture , employs his poetry to explore his visual arts as traced in The Photographer in Winter (1986) , Blind Field (1994) ,Portrait of My Father in an English Landscape(1998),and Reel (2008 ). Then only then, he utters that "writing is oxygen to me. I couldn’t breathe without it ". More into technicality, there is a sense of repetition implemented in Bad Machine(2013), in which its title refers to the fragility of both the body and language.
Keywords: literary trauma theory, traumatized voice: intertextuality allusions, poetic manifestation, autobiographical elements

This study dealt with the world after death in ancient Iraq, Greece and Jerusalem and how two civilizations viewed this world and believed that . It is dark and scary. the study also touched on the process of burial and the ceremonies and sacrifices to be offered are transferred and how spirits from the upper to the lower world and the stages that they pass through so that they can enter. This world that had its own special teachings and rules that all its incomers have to follow to abide by it.

The research's main focus is identifying the extent of learning loss among fifth and sixth-grade pupils in science textbooks due to the (COVID-19) pandemic and determining the most effective teaching practices to address it. Using the descriptive approach, the researcher analyzed the diagnostic test results of primary school pupils in both the fifth and sixth grades. Additionally, a research tool composed of 18 items was developed to identify the most important teaching practices according to male and female teachers. The tool was then applied to a sample of 118 randomly selected male and female teachers.
The research findings showed that the level of academic achievement for students in science was low at 36.3%, average at 30.5%, and high at 33.2%. This indicates that academic achievement falls below the high level, reaching 66.8%. This confirms the presence of learning loss among primary school pupils' fifth and sixth grades. Furthermore, the research identified the most effective teaching practices to address this loss, with the highest practice being enhancing previous knowledge for learners and balancing the losses with the annual curriculum plan. Conversely, establishing a remedial class for learners when needed was identified as the lowest effective practice from the viewpoint of male and female teachers.
Finally, the research recommended developing short, medium, and long-term strategies to address learning loss caused by the (COVID-19) pandemic. It also recommended guiding male and female teachers to use methods and strategies to address learning loss in basic skills and holding seminars by educational supervisors to demonstrate the negative effects of learning loss and how to address it. These proposals will help limit learning loss and ensure students receive the quality education they deserve.

The topic of common morphological errors is one of the topics that preoccupied the students of this science, and we found that there are two groups on this topic, a group that calls for strict adherence to the morphological rule and not to transgress it, basing this on the necessity of preserving the linguistic heritage, and what was stated in the old dictionaries and the words of the old scholars, They preserve it from the intruder, the stranger, and the impurities of the language.
As for the other group, they call for leniency in the use of Arabic words, and not limiting Arabic words; Because it is a living language, and it is necessary to meet the requirements of the modern era, so they thought that they deserve to accept the words that contradict the rule from several graduations: such as metaphor, semantic development, breadth, and acceptance of the few used or strange words. feminization, and we analyzed it, outweighing what we saw as correct, and with scientific evidence and coming out with satisfactory results on that subject
. Mistakes, morphological, common, rule, Rhetoric

The current research aims to know the effect of the Merder strategy on the achievement of science subject among fifth grade students. The research community consisted of fifth grade students in Numaniyah education from Wasit Governorate, and the sample was chosen randomly as it amounted to (47) students distributed into two groups (experimental and control ), and the experimental approach was followed for its suitability for the purpose of the research, and the research tool consisted of an achievement test consisting of (20) test items with three alternatives, and after ensuring its validity and reliability, it was applied to the research sample, and the results were collected and processed statistically, so it showed the superiority of the experimental group that was studied with the Merder strategy over the control group .

The research deals with (The educational role of the family and the school in ancient Iraq) the role of both the family and the school in the process of education and education, and the research sheds light on the issue of which of them is older in the practice of both matters, and the points of convergence of both practices in them, in addition to emphasizing that the role of the family was not limited Education in its general sense of providing the requirements of a child’s life from birth until reaching puberty and upbringing on prevailing societal values; Rather, it included the issue of teaching trades that are important to provide the necessary requirements for his and his family's living together. their children to school.

Women in Bahrain have faced challenging social circumstances due to prevailing customs, traditions, and social norms. Additionally, the country's economic advancements resulting from the discovery of oil in the 1930s have further influenced their situation. During the period between the 1950s and the culmination of the constitutional era in 1975, voices advocating for the enhancement of women's circumstances began to surface and gain prominence. This achievement was realized through the establishment of numerous women's associations and clubs, dedicated to advocating for women's rights and freedoms. These organizations took on the responsibility of promoting and safeguarding the interests of women in Bahrain.

The current research aims to identify
1-The level of false memory among secondary school students.
2- The level of false memory among secondary school students according to the gender variable (male-female). secondary school students. Male and female students distributed in four schools and they were (100). The size of the research sample reached a paragraph in its formula (22), as the number of its paragraphs reached 2021. The researcher adopted the scale (Ahmed and Abdel-Khalek, the primary one). The academic burdens and duties entrusted to them are secondary school students who are more exposed to false recollections because they are going through an age stage that does not bear much pressure.

The process of paying attention to the writings of travelers and historians should not be directed only to the successful experiences that contributed to the development of the science of historical geography, but rather there should be a shedding of light on the mistakes made by travelers and geographers and the reason that led to that, and whether it was the result of wrong transmission, Or is it an inaccurate vision, or recording information after a time of viewing it, and the entry of aging factors and conflicting information as a cause of that historical error, which we were keen to show in this research, Which we wanted to be about a personality who did not get a lot of attention like other travelers, but even the investigation of his book was simple and did not rise to a level that satisfies the ambition of the researchers, which is what we stress the need to reconsider it, and bring it out in a different way to be on the same level with the rest Books of travel and historical geography, especially since our traveler was one of those who relied on a number of historians and geographers in his time, such as Yaqut al-Hamawi and others. The matter was likewise to reveal the mystery about some aspects of his personality and his travels in Islamic countries.

The purpose of praise has been seen its common and flourishing so that it has become so much space among other objects of poetry that have helped to flourish are the caliphs and princes, through their fondness for poetry, and ecstasy by hearing it, as the competition among poets to reach the goal of satisfying kings and caliphs as the praise was, they lavish tender in order to praise them.
The reader of the divan of Ibn Hani Al-Andalusi, realizes that praise occupies more than half of his divan, so praise according to what his faith dictates, with his use of vague meaning, influenced by the language of the Arab orient poets, and sometimes praises even reaches the point of disbelief, as he did when he praised Al-Muiz when Al-Muiz descended in the city of Rafada next to Al-Qairawan.

The research dealt with the historical issues that link the political institution with the state of the Mongols of Persia and Iraq with the Sufi movement, as it ruled for more than three decades and was known as the Great Mongol Empire in Mongolia, and its capital was Karakorum, where the Mongol state of Persia and Iraq declared its independence after that period from the mother empire, and Sultan Mahmud Ghazan took over (694- 703 AH) ruled it, and changed its pagan religion (shamanism) to the Islamic religion officially, and it remained independent until its collapse in the year (738 AH).
And the Islamic countries became in a political vacuum that they were not familiar with throughout their lives, represented by the fall of the Abbasid caliphate in the year 656 AH, at the hands of the most powerful force known to history.
And the Sufi current reached the highest levels of brilliance without any challenge, in which the phenomenon of the Tariqites completed its formations that brought Sufism out of the Khanqah to society with all its contradictions and interactions, and that phenomenon that made Sufism a huge institution in the bowels of the human fabric of the Islamic society, leaving its effects on the minds and souls in several forms of influence psychological.
Sufism is considered one of the most important social institutions through which the late Abbasid caliphate rule was managed, and the countries that ruled after it, especially in times that witnessed tension between the political establishment and the opposition parties, and managing such crises was taking place through preaching platforms that were held in linkages and corners. Sufism has become an important episode in the history of Islam, and studying it is one of the important keys to understanding the truth about many incidents of Islam since Sufism became a popular trend .

This research examines a new concept that emerged in modern criticism and was founded by the Italian critic Umbertoico, as he tried to lay the basis through which the text becomes open and closed, and direct this study to the texts Pre-Islamic, despite the difficulty of applying this modern concept, which was born to serve a literary side that may be far from the Pre-Islamic text, the closure of the text is through its intolerance to interpretations that refer the text to multiple implications, as opposed to open text, which carries with it many interpretations that activate multiple readings in the text.

This research focuses on the theatre of military operations witnessed in the city of Tafilah and its surrounding areas within the framework of the Great Arab Revolt. It analyzes the substantial impact of these operations, encompassing battles and attacks, on the progression and consequences of the revolution. This impact extends not only to Jordan but also to other regions involved in the revolt. The study commences with an introductory section that provides insights into the city of Tafilah, its significance, and its active participation in the Great Arab Revolt. It presents a chronological account of the events that transpired before, during, and after the battle. The research delves into the objectives that were pursued during the Battle of Tafilah. Furthermore, the study concludes by recognizing the Battle of Tafilah as one of the pivotal engagements during the revolution, specifically within Jordanian territory. Recognizing its strategic location, the Ottoman military decided to occupy Tafilah. They perceived it as a central point within a mountainous region, offering advantageous positions and overseeing their army's gatherings near the railway, which served as a vital lifeline for them. Additionally, Tafilah's western position provides a commanding view of a vast plateau located south of the Dead Sea and the Arabah Valley, further highlighting the strategic importance of its control. As for the battle itself, it stood out as a pivotal and decisive moment in the history of the Great Arab Revolt, representing a significant milestone in the overall progress of the revolution. Moreover, the remarkable unity and honourable stance of Tafilah's residents, who joined forces in unwavering support of the revolution and its liberation from Ottoman rule, deserve special recognition.

This is a review of some grammatical models in Al- Radhi Al-Istrabadi in his explanation on Al- Kafiya . The researcher reached through this review to the impact of Phonetic Context (intonation, syntactic mark) by presenting its effect on the meaning , supporting it with what she quoted from the opinions of ancient and modern grammarians, moreover the researcher does not claim that she investigated everything, but her goal was to show the fact that the Phonetic Context is of great importance for determining the functional meaning of the Arabic sentence . However , the study reached to the following results : The term context in Al- Radhi `s work appears clearly when he classifies the grammatical context in his explanation to Al- Kafiya on to literal and implied contexts , the study proved that the intonation is a phonetic context which has a significant impact on the interpretation of grammatical issues and it also has a semantic value in Arabic language . This effect manifested in Al- Radhi texts of his interpretation of Al kafiya, since he explained the intention of the emotions in the speaker of the vocative , appeal , exclamation and relief ... etc, the study proved that the syntactic mark is a phonetic context which has an importance in Arabic sentence, and received the attention of ancient and modern linguists.

This research study bigging probiem in Al-amarrah city during(2022-2023)where it was done a poll and disterbution forms for 60 samples temporally (in morning, in noon , in night) and spatially (in markets , mosques , restaurants , shops , vehicles , schools , colleges , hospitals , clinics , parks…etc)also this research included specific features (gender , age , place of birth , residence , marital status , rooms number , mother or father age ) also this research included the resons of bigging (poverty , unemployment , corruption , family breakup , ignorance , underdevelopment , diseas)and the research contained the kinds of bigging (needy ,not needy)where this research reached to that biggars have negative results (social , moral , educational , psychological ) where it turns out 98% from biggars they face that problems and it was 40% rate (55% from them was women) have been sexual harassment in total.the study recommend by activation the law released in 1/7/2015 from ministary of labor and social affairs about this matter and open a department for anti-bigging and homelessness and create a consent to inclution biggars by sotial benefit salary with exption from controls.and biggars must undertakes that he has not any source of income and he promise to not back to bigging again.as well training biggars to teach them skulls of works and activation of social institutios role like (orphan care home , people with special needs)

Ardashir Babakan established the Sasanian Empire in 224 AD after defeating Ardavan V Ashkanian. This empire steadily grew over the years to become a vast one. The administration of such a vast empire required a powerful and cohesive system, which was led by a variety of professions, jobs, and positions. One of the most prestigious of these occupations was that of a writer, which held a prominent position in the Sasanian empire. The supervisor of the writers was known as "Iran Dabirbed"; he was authorized to meet directly with the king and played a significant role in national political events. Although many Arabic-language studies have been published on the numerous positions in the Sasanian state, no specific study has yet been published on the writer's position in the Sasanian state. Therefore, this study aims to provide a detailed analysis of the writer's profession in the Sasanian state, including their status, functions, employment selection methods, as well as the various classes and divisions they belonged to.

This research examines the most important foundational and administrative institutions in the Saudi Arabian legal system. As well as the system's evolution and the approach followed by the state's founder, King Abdulaziz, during the phase of constructing political and administrative institutions in accordance with the basic system of government. In addition, the study examines how the three branches of government - judicial, executive, regulatory and the independent state agencies and institutions assume power and authority. Notably, the Saudi Arabian government does not adhere to the principle of the separation of powers. The regulatory authority is instead a combination of the executive authority and the Shura Council. Similarly, the limits of the authority of the judiciary do not extend to all aspects of the judiciary, such as administrative justice, which is conveyed by the "Diwan Al-Mazalim" and whose reference is the King, whereas the Supreme Judicial Council's reference is the Council's Presidency. This represents a disintegration of the same judicial authority and a lack of cohesion within the concerned entity. Therefore, the executive authority is the broadest authority in the Saudi Arabian system, and its chief is the King.

This study dealt with there recurrence of the frost phenomenon in Iraq monthly seasonal and seasonal and annual recurrence as the Winter seasons the study relied on the data f the General Athority for meteoro logy of the climatic stations ( Baghdad-Rutbah-Baiji-Basra)
In Iraq for the period (1980-2020) aswell as know ledge of frost protection meth ods and means of combating it the study showed thet the decrease in the recurrence of the frost phenomenon the high mirimum temperatures with tow relatier humidity and the impact of Iraq by tropical air massas the annual arerage of the recurrence of the frost phenomenon in Iraq was racordd (890)days the meteoro logical station witnessed aspatial rariaton in the annual to tals for the recurrence of the frost phenomenon in Iraq while the least prequent station were Basra sta tion with a frequen cy of (20)days with arate of (22) of the total the total namber of frost days in Iraq during study period

Modern criticism was able to go deeper into the details of things and their materiality, revealing through that penetration the gaps that ideology and superficial poetic images could not fill and bridge their gaps, which made the new poetics from the heart of old ideas and concepts by changing the angle of its vision of the poetic text, by discovering the depth of things And its space charged with imagination, which was a major element in the formation of his fantasies.
The poet Jassim Hussein Al-Khalidi's access to the objective world in his poetic experience and his employment of the hidden dimensions and deep connotations of things, language and places, which he highlighted in its broad horizons through its interdependence and interdependence with women, paints a new image, which is spread by the frequency of emotional and affective impulses within the structure of the poetic text. Thus, the woman and her relationship with things appeared in the poet's texts as constructive elements that were stripped of their rigid physical dimensions to mental and mythical dimensions and perceptions that extended their edges to a vast world of imagination and ideas.

One of the Islamic nations that emerged in Egypt towards the end of the third Abbasid era and later spread throughout the Levant and the Hijaz is the Mamluk Sultanate, often known as the Mamluks or the State of the Mamluks. It continued to reign after the Ayyubid state fell in the year 648 AH (1250 AD) until it was defeated by the Ottoman Empire in the Battle of Ridaniyeh in the year 923 AH (1517 AD) by annexing Egypt and Syria to its kingdom.
Historians classify the Bahri Mamluk state and the Burji Mamluk state as the two states that made up the Mamluk state.
The Bahri Mamluks ruled from the year 648 AH, which corresponds to the year 1250 AD, to the year 784 AH, which corresponds to the year 1382 AD; the Burji Mamluks ruled from the year 784 AH, which corresponds to the year 1382 AD, to the year 923 AH, which corresponds to the year 1517 AD; and they were Circassians. The earliest Abbasid caliphs imported slave fighters from Turkestan, the Caucasus, and other places and used them as guards and army commanders for themselves, giving rise to the Mamluks. By taking advantage of the caliphs' frailty and the fall in their power, the Mamluks' influence grew through time until they eventually came to dominate the caliphate and the center of power. The earliest Abbasid caliphs imported slave fighters from Turkestan, the Caucasus, and other places, made them their guards, and appointed them as leaders of the Muslim army. These people were known as the Mamluks. Over time, the Mamluks' influence grew as they capitalized on the caliphs' frailty and decrease in power to take control of the caliphate and the center of power. Turan Shah attempted to establish his Mamluks, whom he had brought with him from the island, and appointed them to state positions, but the ancient Mamluks in Egypt did not follow their orders and kill Turan Shah; instead, they established Shajarat al-Durr as their sultanate in the year 1250 AD, and she was the first Muslim woman to rule the Muslim people.. (2) )
The Mamluks appeared in a form of salvation for the Islamic world after the Mongols, led by Hulagu Khan, occupied Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid state and the Islamic caliphate. The Mongols went to invade the Levant and threatened Egypt with the same fate, but Saif al-Din Qutuz, the Mamluk Sultan, sent an army to Palestine to repel their progress and protect the Islamic lands. In the battle of Ain Jalut in northern Palestine in the year 1260 AD, the Muslims were able to defeat the Mongols and repel their attack. Since assuming power, the Mamluk Sultan al-Zahir Baybars continued to fight the Crusaders, and recovered many of the Palestinian and Syrian cities that were under their control. The Crusader war lasted for one hundred and ninety-four years, and was stopped by the fall of Acre in 1291 AD, which was the main port for the Crusaders, and made them flee from the other cities that were in their hands. The Mamluks revived the Abbasid Caliphate in Egypt, but it was only a sham to add joy and sovereignty to their rule.

The Glorious Quran was and still is the eternal miracle by which Allah challenged all creation, together or separately, to come with each other, and all attempts ended in failure, because the Quranic text was formed with infinite accuracy, and every letter and sound was placed in its place that should not be used in another place. The accuracy of the systems of the Glorious Quran exceeded the scientific, rhetorical and methodical aspects of the order of words, context and sounds to the effect of the provisions of intonation on the meaning. So we find in the Glorious Quran words that contain tidal letters, and others that contain diaphragmatic letters, as well as the characteristics of the letters that increase the meanings by their correspondence and consistency with each other or others.
In this research, I studied the relationship and the effect of the presence of the extension in the Quranic words, or the effect of the extension on the Quranic meaning and its relevance to it, and what happens to the meaning of the words due to the presence of the extension in the word

The variation of the hydrological system of the Euphrates River water and the variation of the water shares in each of the selected stations, as the highest rate of water discharge was in the two stations of Husaibah and Haditha, while the lowest rate was in the Nasiriyah station, and the reason for this is due to the existence of some problems that prevent the delivery of water in an adequate manner. Complete to distribution areas such as the presence of sediments, natural vegetation, and the presence of twists and bends in the river, especially the different uses of the population, which leads to a lack of water access between the study stations as the river goes south, and a variation in the qualitative characteristics of the Euphrates Rive…

The study concentrates upon the knowledge of employees' capability in the health institutes to apply the total quality management and its reflections on the health services quality, as the hospital and primary health center are concerned. The data have been gathered relying upon field-visits to al-Zahra Teaching Hospital, al-Kut Pediatrics and Gynecological Hospital, and Typical al-Murtada Health Center. Microsoft Excel Programme has used version 2019, Kia-square test in analysing the data through exited functions in the Excel Programme, and the size of the sample to each institute is (50) employee with the total of (150) employees from all the studied health institutes. The study shows that the concepts of the TQM is not found in the views of the employees, and most of them do not have knowledge about such concepts and their dimensions in practice of health service quality that are submitted in the health institutes. The questions numbers (4,5,9) show that the employee has not recognise the importance of the TQM from the point of view of application and dimensions and what these standards and indicators are doing and their effects upon the patients who attend the health institutes for service. The employee is not aware about the role and responsibility of the accreditation and total quality assurance because the employee has not seen them, and may be answered the questions as the general understanding to them without real concentration of their contents. The question number (10) is the main question of the study which shows inconsistency of the answer of the question number (3) that means bias of answering and inability to understand the TQM application in the health institutes. Keywords: TQM, Recognition, Standards and Indicators, Application, Health Services, Health Institutes

Summary
The impact of rhetorical support in the means of Quranic persuasion
The research is based on the study of the synergy of rhetorical methods with each other in the Qur’anic text in order to convince the addressee, and this synergy in the rhetorical method was put by the researcher under the term support, which is aid and strength. Through logical arguments that address the mind. It was found that the rhetorical methods are effective means in motivating the recipient to alert and draw the illustrative picture to show the argument in a way that the mind accepts and embodies it in order to reach conviction, and the Qur’anic text is an integrated structure with no room for separating one from the other.