Iraqi Journal for Administrative Sciences

The Role of Cognitive Entrepreneur in Achieving the Superior Sustainable
Performance
This study aims to identify the role of entrepreneurial in achieving the superior
sustainable performance, and attempts to study the possibility of using the
cognitive entrepreneurship approach in improving sustainability and superiority
of performance. So we began the study by the problem expressed in a number of
intellectual and practical questions, aim to answer them explain the philosophy
and theoretical implications of intellectual variables addressed in the study,
namely, (Entrepreneur Cognitive - Superior Sustainable Performance). It is one
of the modern topics on the Arab and Iraqi environment, and then diagnose the
level of importance and impact and the possibility of their application in the
companies. This study was applied to a group of international companies
operating in the Kurdistan region of Iraq through a sample composed of 129
member occupy senior management positions which has been designed to collect
and measure the necessary data. In order to achieve researcher effort to
illustrate the effects of the variables have been dealt with theoretical concepts for
the study variables and thus contributing to the formulation of the necessary
tools to measure the availability of these variables in the companies under study

In hypotheses testing, such as other statistical problems, we may
confront imprecise concepts. One case is a situation in which both hypotheses
and observations are imprecise, this research deals with introducing a method of
testing statistical fuzzy hypothesis , related with proportion of measurement of
suger in blood for (124) persons. by applying Neyman- Perason theory for testing
the fuzzy hypothesis. it is noted that the ratio of the number of injured in the
sample is (0.1532) of the total sample , In this paper we definefuzzy sample space,
fuzzy-valued random sample , Probability of type I and type II errors,and
generalized Neyman–Pearson Lemma fortesting fuzzy hypothesis .

Weather can be one of the market anomaly reasons, so should find
evidence for it against the efficient market theory. Psychological studies support
an existence of the weather effect on mood, which in turn will effect on all
decisions of investors and their behavior in the financial market, despite the fact
that classical economic theories assume that the preferences of the investor are
fixed and fully rational and do not affected by mood. The recent studies and
literature have indicated that weather causes a given mood status and this in
turn will effect on the risk and return assessments and on stock prices in many
global stock markets. The purpose of this study is to see whether the weather
affects stock returns. This study examines the impact of weather on stock returns
of the Jordanian and Iraqi Stock Exchange with the aim of enhancing the
efficiency of the market by identifying the source of the irrationality of the
market, compare the performance of the two markets to see how the impact of
weather on the behavior of investors and its reflections on the stocks returns, in
order to identify which one of the weather variables will effect on the stocks
returns. This study was based on the daily closing prices for the Iraqi and
Jordanian market indexes throughout the period (28 11 2013 - 27 2 2014),
which corresponds to the timing of the weather variables observations which are
represented by a level of cloudiness, temperature, humidity level, wind speed,
and showed its impact on the returns of ordinary stocks listed on the two
markets. This study reaches out to number of conclusions, the most important
among them is existence of a significant relationship between temperature and
investment returns of ordinary stocks listed on the Iraqi market. In regard to
Amman Stock Exchange, it has been shown that there is a significant
relationship between the level of cloudiness and investment returns of ordinary
stocks listed on the Jordanian market. This study reaches out to number of
recommendations including the need to increase investment awareness of
participants in the Iraqi and Jordanian markets and make them aware that they
must not be affected by psychological factors that leaves negative effects on the
overall trading activity in the market and unlike the logical fundamentals of the
efficient financial markets principles.

Are in this research to distinguish between images by dealing with a single
scientific methods ( discrimination statistical ) between communities , where the
image is converted with gradients of gray to the format of digital , after which it
is dealing with the image on it is an independent community and then analyzed
and compared to the results through use Matlab , that the importance of this
research is to use discrimination statistical classification digital images through
the use of three different images every image has been converted into data and
then extract the statistical characteristics of her using the program ( MATLAB )
were the results show that discrimination statistical help discrimination between
the images through the use of statistical characteristics

This research seeks to test the level of requirements availability applying
the quality circles in innovation . The researcher chose (Al- Wazirya), and (Iraqi
–Korea ) centers for vocational training following to the vocational training
directorate to explore the opinions of the two centers workers as a sample for
(100) workers ,(51) workers from Al- Waziriy center , and (49) workers from the
Iraqi –Korea center in each of the level of requirements availability to apply the
quality circles and innovation in both centers .
The practical side was built upon four assumptions as first , It tests the relation
between the two variables by using the correlation coefficient . Second , It tests
the effect of requirements availability of applying the quality circles in
innovation by using the line carve . Third and forth , It tests the differences
between the two researchers samples in the both variables by using ( Mann-
Whtiney )analysis . The conclusions have come to ensure approving all research
assumption .

This research aims to test the relationship and the impact of each of the
perceived external prestige and perceived organizational justice as variables
independent of cynicism organization as a variable-response among a sample of
the lecturers staff in the colleges of the University of Karbala totaled (250)
lecturers, and to achieve this goal is the formulation of the research problem
expressed as a set of questions, including (what is the level of influence of the
perceived external prestige and perceived organizational justice perceived level
of cynicism organizational lecturers colleges), for the purpose of access to the
answers to those questions were formulated a number of assumptions, including
(There correlation and effect for each of the perceived external prestige and
perceived organizational justice in organizational cynicism) and design model
Search illustrates the research hypothesesThe tools are used to measure several
in the practical side, depending on the program of the statistical analysis (Spss
v.21) The research found a set of results can be summarized that there is a
correlation and effect and are opposite between each of the perceived external
prestige and perceived organizational justice and variable-response (cynicism
organizational) at the lecturers , and based on those results, the researcher
presented a set of recommendations including the need to be aware of the
Deanship of colleges that promote or interest the prestige of the external College
works to generate awareness of the lecturers at the existence of organizational
justice, which will reflect the impact of that perception by reducing the levels of
organizational cynicism among the lecturers.

The current research aims to examine the impact of the relationship between
psychological contract processes and functional alienation through a sample of
workers in the University of Karbala reached (60) employees. It is assumed that
this research staff knows the state of the psychological contract breach leads to
the emergence of cases of violation of the psychological contract that will lead to
the emergence of a state of alienation among workers career. The data were
collected by using a questionnaire, and the use of the bath analysis way for the
purpose of testing interactive relations intermediate model premise proposed
regression analysis and correlation. The researchers concluded that among other
conclusions psychological contract processes (breach and violation) are
associated positively with the feeling of working alienation career, and that
feeling of violation of the psychological contract increases the strength of the
relationship between breach and a sense of alienation career. In the light of the
conclusions there ware group of recommendations

Employee satisfaction plays an important role in the success of the organizations
especially hospitals . Employee satisfaction studied in behavioral management ,
health care marketing as an internal marketing and in quality as a way to
achieve patient satisfaction . Health care quality depends on patient satisfaction
which in a part depends on how the service delivered by health care workers .
This study has been acted for a sample of ( 72 ) employee in Safeer El – Hussien
Surgical Hospital in Holy Karbala Province . The aim of the study is to explore
four suggested dimensions in employee satisfaction which are : organizational
loyalty , work nature , compensations , work incentives and work motivation ,
and appreciation and self – respect .
The results showed that work nature is the most important factor in employee
satisfaction followed by organizational loyalty , appreciation and self - respect ,
and lastly compensations , work incentives and motivation .
The study suggested enforcing the positive aspects and solve problems of week
aspects by : training m motivation , feedback , increase contacts with employee
and continuous improvement by conferences , opening a library in the hospital
and support scientific researches .
Key words : Health management , Employee Satisfaction , Iraqi Hospitals ,
Safeer El – Hussien Surgical Hospital .

Purpose:Statement the impact of Organizational identification in
Entrepreneurship Orientation
Entrance / methodology : It was Selection workers were in Al-kafel company for
public investments in Karbala. Using a questionnaire for research based on
metrics available in the literature and in line with the research environment after
tested in the range of statistical techniques .
Results /The presence of correlation and the significant effect of the
Organizational identification & Entrepreneurship Orientation. .
Originality/Value : The value of research in addressing the side of the
accumulation of knowledge in the field of Organizational identification&
foundations of Entrepreneurship Orientation.
Keywords: Organizational identification, Entrepreneurship Orientation ,
Innovativeness, proactiveness, Autonomy, risk taking

The research aims to study the strategic audit where its concept, importance,
steps and stages implement in economic units to be work guide to auditors, and
explain measurement range its application in Iraqi audit offices and disclosure
about its results in annual reports about activities of economic units so that
realizing its dissertation and aims .
The research boil down some importance conclusions such as the strategic audit
more chiming with requirements modern business environment because it look
to economic unit according to total view through providing the management to
total report of strategic stand in framework of decisions making through
describing how framing the aims and strategies and policies, and its implement,
evaluation and controlling. In the practical side, the conclusions such as the
necessary requirements for implement the strategic audit available in Iraqi audit
offices, but don’t disclosure about its results in annual reports because the
disclosure the results of strategic audit don’t consider bullying order from
auditors. The research boil down some importance recommendation for certain
the importance of strategic audit in realizing the dissertation and aims of
economic units consisting with modern business environment changes .

This study attempted to shed light on an important topic in the world of
management, a re-private Administrative Process Engineering under the current
circumstances experienced by the companies of the state of openness to the world
and the conditions of intense competition, so it is one the subject of the most
basic functions of business organizations and one of the most important
requirements for survival and growth in the markets, as well as highlighted on
another subject at least as important as the first, which trends entrepreneurial
companies, which contribute significantly to strengthening the competitive
position in the market. This study included a sample of individuals working in
Zain Iraq Telecom at various administrative levels, have used the questionnaire
as a tool to collect data and information on a sample of the study, in order to
process the data has been used many statistical represented by a factor of linear
correlation methods (Person Correlation), as well as the simple linear regression
(Simple Regression) and test (t) and (f) to establish the moral models using
Spss20 program )). The statistical results showed a number of important points,
notably the presence of correlation moral and statistically significant differences
between Business Process Re-orientations leading engineering, as there appeared
a significant effect of the Business Process Reengineering in entrepreneurial
attitudes, and in the framework of the discussion of the results of applied study
stressed the importance of each of the re-engineering Administrative processes
and attitudes leading to the company community study, which requires them to
adopt Business Process Re-engineering programs in order to promote
entrepreneurial orientation in the markets

The research aims to demonstrate the impact of the development of
intellectual capital dimensions five of ( polarization , industry , revitalization ,
preservation and attention ) in support of organizational trust its three
dimensions of ( confidence in senior management , trust in supervisors and
trust in coworkers ) , represented resolution main tool to get to the results
was distributed to a sample of (100) employees are technicians and
administrators in the lab wearer men\'s ready-made in Najaf and was the
most prominent of the findings of the research is to:-
1 - There is a significant correlation between intellectual capital and
organizational trust at the macro level and at the level of the dimensions of
intellectual capital and organizational trust any interest in that intellectual
capital leads to support organizational trust .
2 - significant effect of intellectual capital at the macro level and at the level
of all dimensions separately in organizational trust .
Accordingly, the researcher recommends:-
1 - not to alienate the intellectual capital it represents her great wealth ,
contribute to increase the confidence of individuals, their organization and
thus contribute to an increase in market value .
2 - need to focus on the customer with a capital by identifying the opinions
and suggestions and take them into consideration when designing new
products.