TANMIAT AL-RAFIDAIN

This study, in its theoretical framework, tackled the product innovation as an independent variable and consumer protection as a dependent variable. The study aims at diagnosing and analyzing the influence relationship of product innovation in consumer protection and showing the implications and the boundaries of this relationship at the level of the studied organizations.
The public and private industrial sectors in Nineveh governorate have been selected to be the field in which the study is carried out. The practical framework of the study contains an explanation of the correlation relationships and product innovation effect which is represented by (the development of the current products and producing new product) in consumer protection. The problem of the study focuses on the extent to which the correlation and the effect of product innovation on fostering consumer protection in a way which agrees the organization objectives that are represented as the social and moral responsibility. On this basis, the current study is based on a group of major and minor hypotheses related to the existence of significant correlation relationship between product innovation and consumer protection. In the light of the results analysis, a group of conclusions has been attained; the most important ones are:
1. There is a significant correlation relationship between product innovation and consumer protection in the studied organizations.
2. The dimensions of product innovation in consumer protection have a significant effect in the studied organizations.
Depending on the conclusions that have been reached, the study presents a group of suggestions besides a group of suggested studies for the future researchers to complete the current one.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of marketing information system in designing and building product development strategies in Jordanian shareholding Drugs industry companies. The data required for this study has been gained from two sources; the first is represented in the books, studies and previous researches, while the second was field study. All the seven Jordanian medicines shareholding industrial companies, registered in Amman Financial Market were surveyed. For the purpose of this study, a pre-designed questionnaire has been distributed to collect data from marketing managers, R & D managers, and product design managers, and heads, staff of marketing information system departments in each of these companies. The questionnaire, included general characteristics of the sample of the study, and a measure of the ability of marketing information system variables in designing and constructing a product development strategy. A reliability Cronbach's Alpha test has been conducted to determine the reliability of the questionnaire survey as a tool to collect the necessary data. At the end of this study, the researcher reached the following results; there are high capabilities of marketing information system in acquiring of the changing and growing requirements of customers, acquire of the emerging technologies in the design of the product, before placing it on the market, to provide appropriate information, and at the suitable time to decision maker. There is a statistically significant relation between each of the following variables and the ability of those companies to build product development strategy: acquire of the changing and growing requirements of customers, acquire of the emerging technologies in the design of the product, before placing it on the market, to provide appropriate information, and at the suitable time to decision maker.

The purpose of this study was to know the Jordanian business organizations toward the quality level of the marketing consulting firms and its relationship with their satisfaction level about these firms. The Servqual scale was used to measure the perceived and expected consulting quality. The Likert five- point type scale was used to collect the primary data from the sample of the study. Both types of data was used; the secondary and primary data. Previous researches and references were used to develop the study model and hypotheses, as part of the secondary data. The primary data were collected through a questionnaire composed of five parts; the first part related to the personal data of the research sample, the second part related to the respondents attitudes toward consulting service quality dimensions the third part related to the clients satisfaction level about quality dimensions, the fourth part about the general attitude of the respondents toward the consulting firms secure quality and finally the fifth part was related to the respondents expectations to the consulting marketing service quality. The study found that the business organization attitudes toward marketing consulting service quality was positive, there was a good satisfaction level, however the difference level to the consulting quality dimensions of the business organization satisfaction level about marketing consulting firms was varied. There was a negative gap between the perceived and expected consulting quality. This indicates that the perceived quality is lower than the expected quality; it was found that there was a positive relationship between the business organization firms attitude about the marketing consulting service quality provided by the marketing consulting firms and their satisfaction level. No significant influence was found to the business organization characteristics on the relationship between their attitudes and their satisfaction about the marketing consulting firms. The study recommend that marketing consulting firms need to pay more attention to the consulting service quality dimensions, to consider the positive attitudes to the business organizations toward consulting service quality, to take care of the human resource providing these services. This is due to the dependence of the quality of the service on the efficiency of people providing it, to realize the negative gap between the perceived and expected quality presented by their firms, to take in account the thigh expectations of the business organizations to the consulting quality, and to develop the marketing strategies and programs that aid to raise the performance level of these firms to match the business organizations expectations.

The research aims to estimate and analyze the effect of agriculture foreign trade on the agricultural growth products in a number of developing countries through the period 1980- 2008; namely Turkey, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Thailand, Morocco, Tunisia, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Yaman. They are characterized by high percentage of foreign trade in their gross domestic agriculture. The results of the practical aspect showed a variable significance in the values of agricultural exports X1, and a ppositive relation with the average growth agricultural products in Turkey, Jordan, Thailand, and Yemen and the above mentioned significance with a negative relation on average agricultural growth in Egypt, Syria and Tunisia. No significance showed in the rest of countries under study and a value of variable significance of (agricultural imports X2) with a positive relation with the average agricultural growth in Turkey, Egypt, Thailand, Morocco, Pakistan and Yemen. The above mentioned variable is in a negative relation with the average agricultural growth in Jordan. No other significance has been shown in other countries under study.

This study aims to investigate the role of organizational justice and the behavior of organizational citizenship in the Electric Distribution Company in Gaza Governorates. The researcher used a questionnaire to measure the variables of the study; SPSS Software was used for analysis. The main results of the study:
1. There is a medium average level of organizational justice at the company, while there is a high level of organizational citizenship.
2. There is a significant relationship between the organizational justice (distribution justice, procedural justice and interactional justice) and the organizational citizenship behavior.
3. The interactional justice is the strongest predictors on level of the organizational citizenship behavior.
The study recommends increasing employees' perception of the three types of the organizational justice which have a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior.

The current study sought to identify the clear relationship between the strategic management and the range of practices followed by private banks managers in Mosul City. A descriptive analytical method has been drawn upon, as well as a field study. Main hypothesis has been followed that there is a sort of significant relationship between the concept of strategic management and the level of strategic management practice in private banks. In order to achieve the goals of study aims, a group of private banks has been selected in Mosul city (Baghdad/ Rabee' Dar alsalam, Babel, Warkaa/Al Zahar, Middle east/Confidence, Al-Mosul) as the field of application. Questionnaire has been used to collect data, interviews, banks records and then analyzed in terms of SPSS. The study concluded some results;
1. Mosul of the managers of private banks have accurate understanding to the concept of strategic management, the assured the importance of using the strategic management in daily life, the necessity to pass it to the othe managers and employees.
2. The private banks are highly practicing strategic management, and the clarity of concept has a fixed relation with strategic management practice.
As well as, some recommendations can possibly enhance the positive aspects of private banks and maintain the negative ones.

The research is designed to diagnose the effect of the quality of strategic information in the stages of decision making, that this information represents an important resource and an actor and as an end leaders and management need to confirm it. It is regarded as a starting point for all aspects of the organizational life. The study is mainly concerned with the heads and members of boards of colleges and technical institutions as a field study. The sample of (46) personnel from all department and disciplines have been subjected to a questionnaire. The study has two main hypotheses that there is a correlation between quality and the Impacts of strategic information and decision making stages. The flowchart of the research has been tested and its suppositions using the correlation coefficient and regression and test (F). The study has revealed the most significant relationships and influences referred in the study.

Knowledge management is the product of the developments and changes that have occurred in the external environment that contacted various areas of management. Knowledge management helps business organizations to meet competitive challenges and the environment. In order to succeed in the application of management knowledge operation, the matter requires concerning the organizational culture in terms of creating the appropriate atmosphere for the personnel in organization to share in the processes of knowledge generation. The research aims to identify the nature of the support that has been provided by the organizational culture of knowledge management (organization researched) to improve the quality of the performance of this organization. To achieve research objectives, questionnaire has been distributed to a sample of (50) teachers at the University of Mosul. The study concluded some of findings and used recommendations including the need of the organization to use researched the processes of knowledge management through the providing the basic components of this concept, as well as providing the necessary material and moral requirements advancement by the organizational culture and development because of their role in the successful application of contemporary concepts such as knowledge

This research aims to diagnose organizational structure style in Salahaddin University in Erbil, based on two types of the organizational structures; mechanical structure or organic structure. Each of which prevails certain level of the basic structural dimensions (Centralization/ Decentralization), (Formality/ Informality) and (Simplicity/complication). To identify the type of the structure, a questionnaire has been designed, relying on the comparison scale adopted by (Beadeian & Zammuto, 1991) and derived from (Steers, 1977) and (Burns & Stalker, 1961) model in order to identify the extent of closeness of the organization structure to the University of the Mechanical of the organic type. The questionnaire forms were distributed to the sample subjects who are (39) individuals including the university chancellor, his assistant and college deans and their assistants. After obtaining the data, it was statistically analyzed using a group of statistical techniques, the most prominent of which is the weighted mathematical mean. A set of findings was reached that crystallized such as the tendency of the organizational structure of the university in question towards the prevalence of the mechanical structure characteristics depending on the scale of branch variables results. In the light of conclusions, the researcher submitted suggestions in an attempt to promote the level of the university structural adaptation through accomplishing the prevalence of the principle of trend towards the organism in the characteristics of the organizational structure. The flexibility and consistency can be achieved and consistency is attained with the level of the developments in the external environment, because the organization in question should head to the organism in its organizational structure due to its dependence on innovation and relying on the skills, capabilities, experience and practices of its members who hold higher academic degrees.

The great development in field of information technology led to provide several systems, tools, and techniques that aim to support managers in making various decisions. This has been reflected on business performance and its improvement for all managerial levels in the organization, due to the importance of decisions supporting system in business organizations especially its contribution in the process of continues improvement of employees. The researchers in general have not conducted study about the contribution of decision supporting system, with continuous improvement. But, they conducted this study for testing the contribution via two main hypotheses. The most obvious ones was that there is not significant relationship between decisions supporting system and continuous improvement. To achieve the aims of the study and to test its hypotheses, the researchers relied on data collection based on a questionnaire as the basic tool to collect information. In addition, the researchers conducted a number of field interviews to explain the dimensions of the study and knowing its importance by using Lickart Fivefold scale for measurement. All questionnaires were subjected to statistical analysis by using system SPSS software for using arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and correlation factor. The effect and the results of the study led to a set of conclusions, the most important of them was the significance of the relationship between the two dimensions of the study. In conclusion, the researchers presented a set of recommendations to the beneficial to receive the deserved attention for the respected parties in order to achieve the aim of the study. The most important ones of recommendations are necessity to provide all the requirements for applying the decision-supporting system for its importance of the decisions made by managers in field of continuous improvement of business in organizations.

This paper aims to introduce the theoretical bases and technical applications of software models to all users and decision makers in order to leverage technical awareness for managerial staff, and certain of its effectively in rational decision and fields of use. The researcher selected (Excel) software because it contains technical tools and easiness in use. The research depends on comparison between three major types of selected models they are; what-If analysis, goal seeking, and Solver, which are the most important models in DSS. The results of this research are represented by varying of effectiveness of analytical techniques, the solver achieved highest level of effectiveness, because its capability of dealing with multiple decision variables, in addition to treat set of constraints related to the problem. In spite of the benefits of this analysis technique, the user cannot cession of the other analysis technique because its benefits in other fields.

The aim of GSCM is to achieve compatibility between the ability to meet customer requirements and needs of efficiency and effectiveness of the replay, as well as the preservation of the environment from pollution. This research used input GSCM as a modern tool to reduce all types of pollution caused through production processes. On this basis, during field visits conducted by the researcher for the General Company of Northern Cement and Factories, the researcher touched several problems related to the increasing pollution. Research comes to apply the foundations of theory and field that help the company in question to adopt GSCMR. The research adopted two approaches; descriptive and analytical in identifying the research problem, data display and used a set of tools to achieve the objectives of the research. That includes supply and quantitative and qualitative analysis of data from a sample of research and depending on the conclusions reached by the research and provided a number of proposals consistent with these conclusions.