JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

In this work, condition bone of women in an urban group has been measured and compared to a rural
group. Based on the amount of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), T-score
and Z-score, in this study. From September 5, 2021 to February 28, 2022, a cross-sectional study was done
at the DXA laboratory, Physiology Department, College of Medicine, University of Ninevah, Mosul, Iraq.
Since 139 healthy females were enrolled through a college medical academic center’s assessment. They
were divided into two groups: rural (53 participants) and urban (86 participants). Studying the participants
provided detailed anthropometric data. T-, Z-score, BMD and BMC were evaluated using a DXA bone
densitometer scanner type (STRATOS) from the (DMS) group in France. All sample groups are classified
according to age ranged between 30-79 years and divided into subgroups for every 10 years. The results
showed that BMC and BMD values were higher in the rural group in comparison to the urban group for
all age categories with a highly significant p = 0.0001.

In the current paper, the rise time of the exciting voltage on the characteristics of the DC corona
discharge in a coaxial electrode system is presented. The current one-dimensional simulation study
focused on the distribution of the plasma species (ions and electrons as well as the excited atoms)
during two different times of the applied voltage climb was classified as a fast rise time (615 ns) and
a slow rise time (2710 ns). The growth time of the corona excited voltage was controlled by the external
feed RC circuit that connected with the central electrode. The simulation results have reveal that the
corona inception which occurs at a fast rise time produces more dense plasma charged species, while
the density of the excited atoms is not much affected by the applied voltage climb time. The density
of excited atoms tends more to depend on the rise time of the exciting voltage at the steady state.

Cell phones, also known as mobile or portable phones, have become an essential part of
contemporary communication technologies. In some regions of the world, they are even the only
available means of communication, as they are so well-liked for allowing people to communicate with
one another no matter where they are. Cell phones are becoming increasingly popular, with more than
50% of people in some nations owning one. The industrial community anticipates that by the year
2030, there will be more than 8 billion users worldwide. To accommodate broadcast and reception,
more towers are being built. These stations, which are radio antennas, work to protect connections with
cellular telephone equipment while using minimum power. The goal of this proposed study is to
measure the electromagnetic fields radiated by cell phone towers and their effects on the local
environment in a selected area of Mosul, Iraq. The results will then be compared to international
standards, and evaluated to help develop methods for protecting people\'s health, and solutions to the
issue will be offered.

The results of a field survey of some potato growing areas in Nineveh Governorate showed the
presence of Potato virus s PVS, which was detected by the Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-
Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay DAS-ELISA test.
This record is the first in the governorate. Through the absorbance readings using the Elisa reader,
highest value was recorded in the Sherikhan area samples, which amounted to 1.190 nm, while
lowest value was recorded in the Rabia area samples with a value of 0.756 nm, while absorbance
value of the negative standard sample was 0.300 nm. The frequency of virus in the Sherikhan area
was 53.3%, while frequency of the virus in the Rabia area was 28.8%.
As a result of mechanical inoculation with virus isolates diagnosed by DAS-ELISA test, spread of
the common strain PVSO through symptoms on Chenopodium quinoa, which was in the form of
small chlorotic spots on the inoculated leaves, and new leaves were devoid of any disease symptoms.

There has been an upsurge in interest in studying different (movements) on the e-abacus diagram in
recent years in an effort to ascertain how these movements affect the design\'s origin as a type of coding.
In this paper, we will present a technique that s being utilized for the first time, but from a single
diagram, we will produce numerous diagrams that are distinct from one another save for some areas of
the diagram, making it nearly impossible to identify the original. It will begin exclusively on the bottom
left side of the picture, move in a manner akin to slides from top to bottom and from bottom to top, then
exclusively on the top left side of the diagram, move in the direction up at the bottom, and eventually go
downward to the top. We will present four new types in this research and in the upper or lower
directions by dividing the diagram into slides merely from the left side of the diagram, namely LSUUL,
LSULU, LSLUL, and LSLLU.

In this study, the bulk etch rate (VB) was measured by three different methods for CR-39 with a thickness
of 200µm and an area of (1 × 1 cm2), where CR-39 was irradiated through from 241Am source with energy
of alpha particles is 2.6MeV and at an angle of fall perpendicular to the surface of the CR-39 detector, the
detector etching with (NaOH) at a concentration of 6.25N and (70 ± 1°C) and showing the effects formed
on the surface of the detector with time periods ranging from (0.25h) and the formed effects were
photographed In the detector at different etching times using an optical microscope of the type (XSZ-H
Series Biological Microscope) equipped with a digital camera of the type (MADC-5A) connected to a
personal computer, in order to find the length, thickness and diameters of the track formed on the surface
of the detector .VB determined by methods are: Removed thickness method, the second method, the
saturation track method, and the diameter-length method (D-L method), as the first method does not
require irradiation of the detector, but the other two methods require irradiation of the detector and
measurement of lengths and diameters And the time of proving the effect, and we found that the values of
VB rate for the three methods, the removed thickness method, the saturation track method, and the
diameter-length of the effect (D-L method) respectively are: 1.206, 1.204, 1.271 (µm/h) and compare the
results between the mentioned methods, as we found that they are close.

The electron distribution function for gallium arsenide GaAs was calculated by using the
Boltzmann transition equation in the central valley  >000<, for a range of low fields relative to the
threshold field (E0 = 5.95Kv/cm) (0.3-1)E0. To obtain the distribution function, the Boltzmann transport
equation was solved using a mechanism that combines the analytical and numerical methods. Analytical
method involving extension of the Legendre polynomial was used and the effect of polar optical scattering
was introduced as the dominant scattering mechanism in this research, as well as the effect of an
asymmetric energy band structure with spherical energy surfaces in the central valley. After obtaining a
partial differential equation of the second order, it is solved numerically after separation process for the
variables using the direct matrix method in energy space by building a mathematical program using
MATLAB. In this study, a system with dimensions of 360 × 360 was built, and the rate of change in
energy was taken as = 0.001.The computational system was tested by applying low electric fields, and
the distribution function that was obtained had a Maxwellian distribution at very low fields, and it shifted
from the Maxwellian distribution at higher fields close to the threshold field, and the results obtained were
agree with previous results. While this system did not give accurate results at the high-electric fields.

The complexity of software has increased because of the development as well as the difficulty of
requirements during the development of software, or to add new features that eventually lead to reduce
the quality of the software as a whole. Software refactoring can be defined as included processes in
the maintenance period of a software life cycle, and it is a technique to clean the software code from
code bad smell and to improve the internal structure of the software, in addition to increasing the
quality of software by using a set of activities without changing the external behavior of a software.
Researchers have been developing techniques to reform software during the code or design standard
to decrease the effort and time required for maintenance processes. This paper provides a systematic
review of the literature for 17 studies of code standards, An automatic search is utilized in the digital
libraries to look for the relevant studies that were published from 2014 to 2021, the best five researchers
are chosen in this subject, five studies or less are chosen for each depending on the number of reference
in the database of scientific sites, or using an approach or a new method to get good results. Eventually,
each paragraph is analyzed and mentions the method or algorithm used in rebuilding software, further
the aims, and the result for each paper.

Several scientific and engineering applications are usually described as integral equations. A new
approach for solving the type of linear and nonlinear Fredholm integral equation of the second kind is
proposed. Although many methods provide an analytic solution, there are different types of integral
equations are difficult to solve. Therefore, the numerical approach for solving integral equations is used.
Fredholm integral equations of the second kind have been converted to unconstrained optimization
problems to find their approximate solutions. This work employs particle swarm optimization combined
with padé expansion to find an approximate solution of the Fredholm integral equation. This is applied by
minimizing the fitness function value. The fitness function is calculated using the discrete least squares
weighted function. The proposed algorithm is applied to solve linear and non-linear FIE. The results are
compared to exact solutions. The stability of the proposed algorithm is also presented. The results are
promising in terms of convergence , stability and accuracy of the approximate solution.

The six upper front teeth determine the appearance of Aesthetic dentistry. The study will define
lateral incisors based on their lower angles as round, square, or square/round. LORIN molds to shape
teeth were utilized. It extracted 144 teeth images from him and used 36 photographs of denture lateral
incisors. The proposed work aims to develop a model capable of determining the most likely form the
teeth will take. Intelligent systems first distinguish denture picture edges and separate gums from teeth.
After early processing teeth were extracted. and use morphological methods performed to remove the
hump, and The Savitzky-Golay filter then softens the corners. Images were tested to determine their type.
Fuzzy logic determines the filter\'s mask size by finding the most matching teeth. we were cropped 50%,
66%, and 75% of the teeth and compared the rest lower parts of the teeth. Then, each type of tooth is
matched using Pearson\'s correlation coefficient and LORIN-certified dental molds. When evaluating
pictures of lateral incisor teeth, researchers found 36.1% accuracy when using the entire tooth, and 66.1%
accuracy when cropping 75% of the tooth. The best match and discrimination of the lateral incisor were
at cropping 50% and 66%, his accuracy was 86.1%. This study\'s results were compared to previous
research on this subject, demonstrating their reliability and precision.

Digital forensics is a process of collection, identification, extraction, and documentation of electronic
evidence which is used in a court of law. There are a large number of tools that help us to make this process
easy and simple. In this paper, four tools have been chosen to explore and study. The best digital forensic
tools have been chosen according to different parameters in each type of digital forensics. The (Stellar)
basis tool and (Forensic Tool Kit) have been explored for computer forensic tools while (Network Map)
has been chosen for network forensic tools and (OSFmount) has been studied as a live forensic tool. This
paper also covers other types of forensic tools like Database forensic tools, O.S. forensic tools, and Mail
forensic tools. The role of Artificial intelligence in Digital Forensic tools has been discussed in this paper
by using both Decision Stump and Bayes net machine learning techniques. After making an investigation
of the IoT device traffic dataset using these two techniques, Decision Stump gives us less accurate results
compared with Bayes net.