Midad Al-Adab Refereed Journal

The research deals with the collection of Allamah Ali al-Nuri’s guidance on readings, which he included in his book (Ghaith al-Naf’ fi al-Qira’at al-Sabe) and singled out it in a separate study, commenting on what needs to be commented and a statement of his guidance, and it consists of an introduction, and three chapters, the first: for the translation of Allamah Sfaxi, and the second: To define the science of guidance, its origins and authorship, And the third: for the places mentioned by Al- Sfaxi from Surat Al-Kahf to the end of Surat Taha, followed by the conclusion of the research, then the index of sources and references, and I followed the inductive-analytical method in the research.
Among his most important results: the diversity of his directives, including linguistic, grammatical, morphological, moral, formal, and so on, and his care in guiding readings with other sciences such as the science of endowment and the beginning, and his statement of the rule of endowment on the words he directs, and that he may direct the reading agreed upon by all readers, for the benefit of wanting to clarify it.

This research belongs to a group of research that examines the achievement of the lexical standards of the continent in the modern linguistic lesson on an important topic of semantics in the Arabic language, which is the linguistic metaphor. The rhetorical statement as Dr. Tammam Hassan says; Which includes the metaphor in general, and the linguistic metaphor of it in particular, in a heritage lexicon Anamaz, starting with the realization of this connection and this presence of the linguistic metaphor in the Arabic lexicon, which is the lexicon of AL Tiraz of Ibn Masum al-Madani; It was among the criteria that we tested for its presence in AL Tiraz; It is to mention the truth and the metaphor in one resource, by presenting the real meaning from the metaphor. the extent of its presence in linguistic analysis according to Ibn Masum Al-Madani, and the research methodology was represented by a statement of the objectivity of the criteria of lexical construction with applied projections in the lexicon of the model with the analysis of the texts of the model in comparison with the basic lexicon of Zamakhshari (d. 538 AH) as A lexicon specialized in the figurative meaning on the one hand, and because Ibn Masum relied on it in transferring with criticism, , It was that Ali al-Zamakhshari - despite Ibn Masum's veneration for him - redressed each of the mentioned criteria; The research came out with pioneering results in its chapter on the applied level by analyzing the texts of the figurative meaning and comparing it with the lexical linguistic heritage with the texts of the basic lexicon and other linguistic dictionaries, with the innovations of modernists in establishing a figurative lexicon that undertakes the task of following up on the semantic development of words, which modern research has failed to highlight in practice.

The research is based on presenting a new reading from a different and unique angle about the discovery of the obligatory and committed verbal provisions in the pronoun of the subject with the verb ascribed to him. The research began with an introduction in which the researcher explained the concept of theory and pronoun, and took care of mentioning the synonymous terms of pronoun and the purpose of pronoun in the Arabic language. Then the introduction was concluded by talking about the pronoun interpreters in terms of rank, number and gender. Unique explanatory tables have been created to illustrate these interpreters.
The research aims to show the extent to which the subject's pronouns adheres to those imperative provisions within the Arabic formal structures when assigning its triple verbs to it. The research termed those mandatory provisions the elements of the theory, and found them to be seven counted and exclusively.
The research reached some results, including that six of these provisions and elements may be unique to the subject pronoun without the rest of the pronouns, and that the attribution of the subject pronoun to the verb in Arabic use proceeds according to a syntactic system that is very disciplined and very regular. Accordingly; this system deserves to be called theory.

Poetry for the Arab nation has its record that carries its past and present, it is one of its feats that it sings everywhere. The poet, through his poetry, is close to the mind of the recipient, so the poet decorates and embellishes it in a high rhetorical way, through the art of simile, and puts his mark through the poetry of each of the two poets (Abi Maatouq Al-Mousawi), (Ali bin Khalaf Al-Huwaizi.(

Al-khalil Bin Ahmed Al-Farahidi, died in (175) Hijri, put the first foundations for the science of Arabic phonetics. This is reflected in the introduction of the Lexicon of Al-Ayn. In this introduction, there was an early phonetic information which was not realized by science until centuries after Al-khalil's age except forArabic. He was not restricted in mentioning phonetic subjects in his introduction only, yet he spread them and distributed in every single page of his book. In Sibawayh's book, Al-Ketab, died in180 Hijri, who was the latest to convey him.
In the light of the foregoing, this research came to examine Khalil's phonetic idea in light of the introduction of Al-Ayn and what he spread in his lexicographer in terms of phonetic ideas, in order to classify these ideas and gather their various pieces and explain their paces. The research includes an introduction and two topics; the first is Al-khalil’s phonetics notion apart from the structure of the Arabic word, phonetics, included ( phonological organs, phonological outputs and phonetic characteristics. The second is his phonetics notion within the structure of the Arabic word and the phonetic phenomena which I ended it up with a conclusion in which the research results included.

Do not abandon any study, no matter how simple, of intellectual and psychological reasons that mimic the human conscience, because literature is not only a transfer of reality, or an arrangement of language, but an integrated life that reflects the human experiences that poets have gone through, speaking of the facts, events and fluctuations witnessed by the owners, partly because of the impact of this universe and its existing assets, which include the meaning of contrast, whether visible or invisible, felt and left behind. He has a title to identify its manifestations in a way that has influence and persuasion among others, so the phenomenon of contrast was the best representative of these facts, whether it is related to human life, experiences, or conflicts and whims based on the aesthetics of both intellectual and psychological extremes.

Talking about Sufism is a recent concept whose principle is the world of imagination and departure, to escape from the reality of life to a world away from instinct. A world in which the lower self meets the higher self, a world in which words, connotations, and imaginary images are formed that no recipient can reveal except through his journey according to the mystical ranks mentioned by Ibn al-Arabi, which are disclosure, manifestation, viewing and ecstasy.
Hence, I cannot but move with Ibn al-Arabi in search of the Sufi life in some of his poetic verses, as he mentions the meaning of Sufi existence and navigates in the world of imagination and dreams saying:
What does a crazy man living in his whims have but to complain about separation and alienation?
And I'm against him... my lover is in my imagination... still getting closer
My beloved is from me, and in me, and with me, so why should I say what is in me and what is in me?
These verses depict some of the psychological fluctuations experienced by the Sufi, describing the spiritual transition in the world of reality and imagination, represented by connection and separation.

Among the scholarly works that have been concerned with explaining strange words in the Holy Qur’an is the book (Al-Muwadhah fi Al-Tafseer), which was written by Imam al-Samarqandi (died after the 400 AH), and with few the scientific material deposited in the book, however, has included an explanation of many Qur’anic words and some Qur’anic readings, what prompted me to study the book was that it did not get its share of mention and martyrdom, and perhaps that is due to the lack of scientific material in it.
The research was divided into four sections; the first was to explain the strange in the book Al-Muwadhah, the title of the second topic: the Qur’anic readings contained in the book Al-Muwadhah, the third topic has been devoted to explain in the book Al-Muwadhah, as for the fourth topic, I made it for the book's advantages and disadvantages, and then concluded the research with a conclusion in which the results were mentioned.

Judiciary in the decree of Allah, the Almighty, is known to be of high stature and great position, and it is a section of the religion that is considered as a sublime matter and has a great danger. So ancient and modern scholars took care of it, and devoted it with independent authorship and individual works. One of those oldest precious works in this section that reached us is the book: Adab Al-Qadi by the scholarly jurist, the hadith narrator, Sheikh of the Hanafis in his age, the judge ABU BAKR AHMED BIN OMAR ALKHASSAF, died in (261H), may Allah have mercy on him. His book has great value, great stature. He collected in it from the Sunan and traditions that the existence of some is rare in others. He supported them with his chain of transmission from his scholars to those who narrated from him. It was included the jurisprudence of the imams of the Hanafi school. He put in it issues, evidence, documentations and narrations from the imams of the Hanafi school that is hardly found in any other. So the Hanafi scholars were concerned with it, and its explanations multiplied and quotes from it were done in their works and to benefit from it, so that some of them considered it the most famous of the works in the sciences of judiciary.

The research dealt with the topic: preserving the purpose of money, a fundamental study, and presented to it through an introduction to the purposes of Sharia and its divisions, and the definition of the necessities of money, and how to save it, whether it is from public or private funds, and the evidence of saving money, and the research was presented to mention the public and private purposes of money necessities. And highlighting its preservation from the aspect of existence, or from the aspect of non-existence, and the researcher reached results, the most prominent of which is the importance of the necessity of money at the level of individuals and societies, and that in its preservation, there is preservation for the aspect of the nation, and its survival is feared by the aspect, and that all the laws agreed to preserve the purpose of money

This research came to clarify the purposes of Islamic law in Surat Al-Mujadila, because knowing the objectives is of great importance in increasing faith and submitting to the legal duties, and realizing the great wisdom that achieves happiness in the immediate and the future, so i chose Surat Al-Mujadila because of the variety of legal rulings starting from the rulings of zihar, and the purposes that it contains, the rulings of divination, the etiquette of councils, and issues of loyalty and disavowal, and i took a descriptive approach to the purposes and inductively to the sayings of the explainers, its field is the study of the purposes of legislation deduced from the interpretation of Surat Al-Mujadila, to achieve the objectives of the research, which is the foundation towards the study of the interpretation of the Qur’an, the objectives have multiple sections, it is possible to benefit from the division by forming a coherent series for understanding: so we start with the partial objectives, then the specific objectives, then the general objectives, knowing the partial objectives when contemplating and extrapolating the texts leads us to the knowledge of the specific objectives by which we arrive at the general objectives.

The assassination of US President John F. Kennedy is one of the most complex American puzzles, due to the multiplicity of parties that were accused of being involved in it, including internal and external parties, countries, institutions and individuals. This puzzle still impacts historians and writers’ attentions until the present time, especially after the release of a new batch of assassination documents. When looking at the details of each party, a certain percentage of conviction is generated for the role of that party or individuals in the assassination process, and this research monitors the most prominent of those parties that were accused of the assassination. The most prominent arguments presented by historians with regard to accusations, and in this research left many details untouched and it is confined to the most prominent accused parties according to the narrations and evidence of historians interested in modern and contemporary history.

The Second Abuja Agreement which ended the First Liberian Civil War on August 17, 1996 had stated the disarmament of armed factions, the reintegration of their fighters into society, and the holding of free and fair elections. However, the implementation of the terms of the Abuja Agreement was subjected to a terrible flaw. International and regional organizations such as the United Nations and the Economic Community of West African States rushed to hold elections before the end of the transitional activities that represented by disarmament and reintegration, which produced in a dictatorial government headed by Charles Taylor by force of arms. This government adopted a policy based on exclusion and marginalization of the ethnic groups that make up the society Liberian. Consequently, these groups, especially the Mandingo and Karan ethnic groups began to organize an opposition to the regime in Guinea. Then they began armed action inside Liberia, leading to the outbreak of a second civil war in 1999, which lasted until 2003. The country also suffered from a security and political collapse. Additionally, the infrastructure, social, and economic aspects of the country all declined.

The subject of American-Brazilian relations from 1913-1921 is one of the important topics in the field of historical studies. The reference to this importance is return to the changes in the policy of the United States of America towards Latin American countries, especially Brazil, during the presidency of Thomas Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921). Who was keen to induce it as the political and economic gate to the United States in Latin America after the coolness in the relations between the two countries during the presidency of William Howard Taft. The bilateral relations during Wilson's presidency witnessed a development of great importance, starting from mutual diplomatic representation through Brazil's participation in the First World War with the encouragement of the United States of America, ending with the distinguished economic relations between the two sides.

Living God, Lord of the worlds, and Prayers and peace be upon you, May the king and messenger be conveyed to you that Al-Qasim is your favorite, the perfect lesson the aspects of Participation and the family pass through families and the most important ones that were able, when the reality of the moderate society, to cover many wild and hidden matters and passers- by, the illiterates went to name to reflect us the civilization of this county and its development drinking and snakes you who is considered the main engine my lord, a social development which appeared in the house, which was distinguished by the civilization of a wedding an advanced stage of social relations that affected the family's badness.
From the late man, the man did a violin to the family and gave he is a biography and a woman' path until matrik has her role in the house and children, that the dead un the exam places may tire a kind of desert, especially if you eat these marsuras smells give us a picture of Dokki, why the People of this country mixed with them in an enriching image and watched them in all aspects of their lives, especially protection because the image in the examination cups that the books of the crown did not convey information, it was large and during which two I will reveal it to these cups, which is a phrase that spends a beacon in the bellies of books, and the rest is the price, and the traveler and my honor which remains his birkan, will give him professional dealings through names shined.

Imam Hussein (PBUH) is the third imam in the beliefs of the imamate, provided for by the Lord's Caliphate, infallible from the slips and vices, what has grown up, what is small, and the obscenities that have emerged from them and what has been left.
The former and late writers focused their attention on the studies of most of the important figures in the Islamic hisotry that had profound impacts on it, because of their age in the righteousness of this religion in order to raise the word of truth (Oneness of Allah), one of these figures who got great attention of their writing is the study of the personality of Imam Hussein (PBUH), and among the late golden historians, a number of great historians who took it upon themselves to write the biography Muhammadiyah, Alawite, as well as their contemporaries.
I studied the biography of Imam Hussein (PBUH) through his book The History of Peace to find out what came from his biography (peace be upon him) in the praise of his book.

The research deals with the study of the historical geography of the province of Khwarazm and the study of the administrative divisions and the method of division followed by the ruling states in the regions of the East, including Khwarazm, starting from the second Abbasid era (232-334 AH / 847-946 AD) until the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate in 656 AH / 1258 AD, which was changing in Its subordination, as reported by geographers and historians, to Khorasan at one time and to the countries beyond the river at other times, and is independent of them in some cases. algorithm and others administratively…
As for the geographical aspect, the reason for this difference is that Khwarezm was divided into two parts, one part located within the country beyond the river, and the other part located within the province of Khorasan, because the Gihon River passed through its middle. The first was Kath, which was located on the eastern side of the river, and after it was submerged in the river’s water, the second kasbah was established, which is located on the other side of the river, that is, the side of Khorasan, the western side of Khwarazm. / 1097 - 1231 AD) and geographically for the province of Khwarazm.

The Islamic history curricula in particular and the general history curricula in general in Iraqi universities in the pre-2003 era were employed for ideological political purposes to link many of the events that happened during the rule of the political regime at that time to the events that occurred in Iraq since its establishment and through its multiple eras, and this system tried through that to nourish the certain feelings among students concerning the presence of an enemy always lurking in Iraq, and through such feeling many terms that develop the values of hostility and hatred for others and focus on personalization and militarization of society, not to mention stressing the need of the Iraqi nation for an inspiring person or a leader it is worth mentioning that the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research has realized the dangers of ideological curricula remaining in Iraqi universities, and has worked to form committees of specialists in the fields of history within the project of developing and modernizing history curricula in Iraqi universities to purify and update those curricula from all ideas and values that are inconsistent with the philosophy of the democratic system in Iraq. The new one, which emphasizes the values of love, tolerance, dialogue and acceptance of the other, especially that Islamic history in its stages and eras summarizes these values.

People with special needs are featured by a set of demographic, social and economic characteristics that distinguish them from other groups of society, being one of the most marginalized vulnerable groups, as their impact is not limited to the disabled person himself, but includes the family and society as a whole, especially after the decline in the rates of married couples and the decline in fertility on the one hand. On the other hand, the distance of the disabled and their reluctance to pursue education, and the deterioration of their economic conditions and their effective participation in work. , as well as analyzing the demographic, social and economic characteristics of them based on the field study of 587 questionnaire forms from a potential intended sample within the approach based on description and analysis, identifying the most prominent family and social problems they face and trying to develop the necessary solutions for their effective integration into society, where the results of the field research showed that The percentage of male disability exceeded 67.3%. The number of unmarried people increased by 46.2%, in addition to the predominance of movement disabilities by 41.4% of the total number of people with disabilities in Anbar Governorate

The plantation is one of the most important economic and agricultural activities within the city that aim at investing the green spaces inside the city in producing the different agricultural plants and the necessary revenue to meet the local markets needs inside the city. It is the place where agricultural seedlings are produced and chewed to be planted in gardens, carrots and the rest of the city, where they vary.
The number and space of the plantation in Baghdad do not appear uniformity, but they vary in place according to the administrative units in the study area in their appearance, and this was a problem that needs to be explained and the interpretation process started on the basis of a hypothesis that takes place from the spatial change and its relation to the human and natural factors to produce a set of conclusions.

The current research aims to provide the kindergarten students with the skills of the art of recitation in (glove puppet theatre), and to study that, the researcher determined to build teaching plans according to the use of (multimedia means
The results of this research showed the effectiveness of teaching plans according to (multimedia means) in acquiring recitation skills in (glove puppet theatre) for the students of the Kindergarten Department - the experimental group. Which had a positive effect to reach the desired results

The current study seeks to identify the impact of differentiated education on the achievement of first-grade teacher students’ achievement in children’s drawings. The first two groups are experimental and the second is control, and the researcher was keen to make a set of equivalences for both groups, in variables such as (age, intelligence, academic achievement), and the researcher was keen to prepare an achievement test in the subject of children’s drawings and extract a set of appropriate psychometric properties of honesty and stability. After that, the experiment was applied to the experimental and control groups, and a post-test was applied in order to reach the following results:
1. The differentiated education strategy has an impact on the achievement of first-grade teacher students in children’s drawings.
2. There is a clear superiority of the members of the experimental group over the members of the control group in the post-achievement test for the subject of children's drawings.

the research objectives are conducted to the following :
1- Identifying emotional deprivation in middle school students
2- To know the level of academic adjustment among the students of the middle school.
3- Identify the correlation between emotional deprivation and academic adjustment in middle school students.
The current research identified fifth graders for all branches and both sexes for preparatory schools (boys and girls) for general directorates in Baghdad province for the 2020-2021 academic year.
Theoretical framework: Current research reviewed theories adopted in the construction and interpretation of the results.in
Search procedures:
1- The researcher adopted the measure of emotional deprivation of the researcher (Saadi 2016) and the measure of study adjustment was adopted for the researcher (Hussein 2003) after they were confirmed their honesty and stability and the way to answer their paragraphs
2- The measure was applied to a sample of middle school students who reached (200) students during the period from 2-8/ 2/ 2020 The researcher has used the statistical bag in analyzing the results.
The following results have been reached: -
1- The results of the research showed that the students of the middle school do not have emotional deprivation.
2- The results of the research showed that the students of the middle school do not have a study adaptation in their schools.
3- The results showed a negative correlation between emotional deprivation and the academic adjustment of preparatory students.
The researcher made some recommendations and suggestions.

The study aimed at investigating the male and female Teachers' health care behavior Level at the preventive General Directorate of Education ,Baghdad ,Al-Risafa and to find out the differences in their responses in terms (gender, geographic location , academic achievement, Tears of Service).
In order to achieve the aim of the study , the researchers used the analytic descriptive method and they designed a 30- item (the preventive health care behavior). The validity and reliability of the tool were both approved by a jury of specialists in educational and psychological sciences.
The results of the study show that the theoretical mean is higher that the arithmetic mean of the study sample which means that the observational difference doesn’t have a statistical significance . it has been concluded that the targeted community had Practiced the preventive health care with a medium level .lt is also concluded that the mean of the female teachers is higher than that of the male teachers .
The researchers recommend that the General Directorate of Education has to form a mini crisis cell under the patronage of the Directorate General to coordinate with the ministry of health for raising the observation tasks to deal with such crises in future.
Keywords; Corona epidemic, health behavior, prevention, education.

The research aims to find out the effectiveness of the (Good Lavioe) model in the reciprocal thinking of the second year intermediate students of science.
(There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group that is taught according to the (Good Lavioe) model and the average scores of the students of the control group that are taught according to the usual method of reciprocal thinking, and to test the validity of the hypothesis, the researcher applied his experience and chose It has a quasi-experimental design with partial control for the two experimental and control groups with a post test of reciprocal thinking The education of the first province of Baghdad, Rusafa, which amounted to (280) students of (8) divisions. The random selection took place on Division (B) consisting of (34) students representing the experimental group, and Division (D) consisting of (35) students to represent the control group. Both groups were rewarded with the following variables (intelligence, chronological age, reciprocal thinking test). The test data were statistically treated using the t-test for two unequal independent samples, the difficulty coefficient, the discriminatory power, and the effectiveness of the alternatives were calculated. and by applying the equation (Kuder-Richardson-20) the stability of the test was extracted, and the results indicated that there is an effectiveness of the (Good Lavioe) model in the reciprocal thinking of second-grade students in science subject and in favor of the experimental group, and in light of the results of the research, the researcher put a number of recommendations and proposals.

The aim of the research is to identify the level of environmental awareness of global warming Phenomena for science teachers in the primary stage, such as the research community of science teachers in the daytime government primary schools affiliated to the Diyala Education Directorate / Baquba District, which number (212) teachers who study the fifth and sixth grades for the school year 2021 -2022 With random assignment, the sample represented (100) male and female teachers. The research tool prepared a scale consisting of (25) items distributed on the following aspects: knowledge of this phenomenon, knowledge of the efforts made to confront it, awareness of the personal role towards it and trends towards it, thus becoming the scale and thus the total score becomes For the scale between (25-125), the five alternatives (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree) were placed in front of each paragraph, and the scores were given (1,2,3,4,5) respectively, and their validity was verified. And its stability, the scale was applied to the members of the research sample in the first semester of the year 2021-2022, and using the t-test equation for one sample compared to the hypothetical mean, the results showed an environmental awareness of global warming among science teachers in the primary stage. At statistical significance (0.05) and in light of the results, the researcher suggested a number of suggestions and recommendations.,

The symbol in the cinematic image is one of the most important phenomena that have greatly affected the societal, political and economic structure, and which has brought out new concepts at the level of the human mind. Rhetorical through the use of metaphor or symbol, where art and culture appeared with new features acquired by those arts as a result of the effect of the symbol’s act because of its intellectual impact on the recipient, and the symbol’s impact was also reflected on social life and other value systems of societies and new features began to frame human relations by doing what was left The symbol has a dramatic, emotional and emotional impact on life, and the importance of the symbol lies in the fact that it addresses a disseminated intellectual proposal, and this proposition becomes more dangerous if it is within the religious concept. A wide area of religious cinema has appeared, and large films have appeared that dealt with this subject and gained fame and a great presence in the history of world cinema. The symbol in the cinematic image is one of the most important phenomena that have greatly affected the societal, political and economic structure, and which has brought out new concepts at the level of the human mind. Rhetorical through the use of metaphor or symbol, where art and culture appeared with new features acquired by those arts as a result of the effect of the symbol’s act because of its intellectual impact on the recipient, and the symbol’s impact was also reflected on social life and other value systems of societies and new features began to frame human relations by doing what was left The symbol has a dramatic, emotional and emotional impact on life, and the importance of the symbol lies in the fact that it addresses a disseminated intellectual proposal, and this proposition becomes more dangerous if it is within the religious concept. A wide area of religious cinema has appeared, and large films have appeared that dealt with this subject and gained fame and a great presence in the history of world cinema.

Criminal thinking in our world today and the methods used by criminal gangs, taking advantage of the means of technology and scientific development, had to be met with deterrent laws that prevented these gangs from operating and benefiting from this development. The evolution of medicine and the qualitative leap in the transplantation of human organs for people in need of it have led transnational gangs to take advantage of the patient's need for the human organ by providing it in illegal and inhumane ways, such as extortion, fraud or coercion, such as kidnapping and other crimes, to provide the human organ or tissue for financial benefit. The crime of selling human organs can only be carried out by several persons, each performing the work of a fraudster, doctor, promoter and carrier. As we have stated, it is a transnational crime, there must have been international and regional conventions and treaties for cooperation among States in combating this organized crime. The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto had helped to limit the operation of such criminal gangs. Iraq had regulated that Convention in 2007.

This research deals with one of the most important social issues in the contemporary history of Iraq, which is the issue of drugs, and given the aggravation of the problem of drug abuse in recent years, a great aggravation at the local and international levels, and the extension of its damage to the individual, family and society, and the deterioration of public health and morals of society and the necrosis of human forces. The importance of this research lies in identifying the dangers of drugs and their negative effects by clarifying the term and types of drugs since their discovery, and the most important preparations and drugs that were extracted from them. In addition, the research dealt with the most prominent local laws enacted by the Iraqi governments during the royal era, and the amendments that were made to them until they reached the legal level through which it is possible to confront that deadly danger, which is represented by the drug law.. In addition to that, the international conventions to which the Iraqi governments have joined the issue of confronting the danger of drugs. We also touched upon the nature of the public opinion’s interest in the issue of drugs, as well as the interest of the government authorities in them and the way they confront this dangerous scourge that destroys societies and the extent of its spread within Iraqi society, which is evident us through criminal investigations

Norman Dubie's (1942- ) collection of poems Mercy Seat (2001) is the most outstanding collection written by an American poet in the early 2000's. The collection includes more than 200 poems in two parts and 400 pages. It includes poems from the previous seventeen volumes of poems. This paper sheds light on the poet's employment of the dramatic monologues spoken by historical persona in selected poems from the Mercy Seat. It is noted in the collection that Dubie uses notorious personages as speakers and subjects. However, the poet's main reason behind this use of historical figures is not the recounting of facts about these personae.