Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Three growth phases of E. coli O157:H7 were identified, i.e. exponential (0 -8 hours), late exponential (8-16 hours) and stationary phase (16-24 hours). The morphology of bacteria treated by basil oil were observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The morphology of normal cells is tightly packed and smooth at the outer surface. Morphological alterations of E. coli O157:H7 are shown after treatment with 0.25 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml basil oil during exponential, late exponential and stationary phase, respectively. Some treated cells were irregular in shape, deformed, seen like shrunken cells and obviously damaged by basil oil as compared to untreated cells, while most cells were morphologically normal. All of cells were not able to growth on medium, these observations support that basil oil killed E. coli O157:H7 primarily by mechanism(s) other than lysis of cells.

The study is concerned with detection of infectious laryngeotracheitis virus antibodies in Iraq. One hundred sera samples were collected from chickens with respiratory infection from different areas in Iraq (Diala, Kut, Suwayrah, Hilla, Diwaniyah, Samawah and Najaf), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was conducted for collection sera samples. ELISA test was positive for 24 samples out of 100 samples collected from different areas in Iraq with a percentage of 24%. Collected sera of chickens with age (5-6) weeks produced negative result with ELISA test. Nineteen collected sera out of sixty three samples of chickens with age (10-20) weeks were positive with ELISA test. Five sera samples out of twenty seven samples of chickens with age (22-51) weeks were positive with ELISA test.

Abstract
A study was designed to evaluate the effect of Prostaglandins (PGF2α) and oxytocin on postpartum uterine involution of Awassi ewes in Iraq. The study was conducted on 21 pregnant Awassi ewes aged 3-5 years, presented in the farms of college of veterinary medicine during the period from February 2014 to August 2015. The feed and water of the animals were given add-libtum. After parturition ewes divided in to 3 equal groups, (7 animal for each group). The first group treated with 7.5 mg of prostaglandin F2α. (I.M). The second group treated with (20 I.U) of oxytocin. (I.M) The third group received 2cc of distal water as a control group I.M as placebo treatment. The completion of uterine involution was determined by means of transabdomenl and trans rectal ultrasonography. The results showed that uterine involution was completed in the majority of ewes between 28-30 ± SE day postpartum. Furthermore, the results indicate that uterine involution was completed earlier in PGF2α treated group than other groups. There was a significant difference. The ultrasonography imaging provide to be a valuable and safe tool in monitoring uterine involution.

Nanoparticles are a special group of materials with unique features and extensive applications in diverse fields. The use of nanoparticles of some metals is a viable solution to stop infectious diseases due to the antimicrobial properties of these nanoparticles. In this work, antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized by extract of Cinnamon zeylanicum plants barks on pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was investigated. 1ml of Cinnamon zeylanicum plants barks extract was added to 50 ml of 1mM aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution at the room temperature for 1-8hrs to produce silver nanoparticles. After 8 hrs, the color intensity was higher. Separation by centrifugation, characterization using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and electron microscopy analysis were performed. The UV-Vis spectral analysis showed silver surface plasmon resonance band at 400 nm. Electron microscopy showed that the particles were crystalline in nature, most of the nanoparticles were roughly spherical or circular in shape, while the average size of the nanoparticles ranged between 8 and 20 nm. Antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus was tested using agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The synthesized silver nanoparticles efficiently inhibited this pathogenic organism in a dose dependent when compared with reference antibiotic cefotaxime. The approach of green synthesis seems to be cost effective, eco-friendly and easy alternative to conventional methods of silver nanoparticles synthesis. The powerful bioactivity demonstrated by the synthesized silver nanoparticles leads towards the clinical use as antimicrobial.

Ten blood samples were collected from jugular vein of healthy sheep and goats. These are normal physiological condition and good nutritional status in Salah Al-Deen Governorate (Balad, Samaraa, Alalam). After complete collection of anti coagulated samples transfer immediately in to laboratory for evaluation of red blood cell number, haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell diameter, by using hemolyzer. For examination of haemoglobin concentration. Haemocytometer used to examine red blood cell count and microscope supported with camera used to measure red blood cell diameter. After complete evaluation of these, the results showed the diameter of sheep red blood cells larger than goat are about 1.98um diameter large than goat and sheep contain large amount of haemoglobin than goat approximately 23.2mg/dl Hb. Sheep more than in goat and goat has large number of red blood cell than sheep. In comparison with normal physiological activity such as respiratory rate which more in goat 90 breath/min, and less in sheep 75 breath/min. The results showed small diameter of red cells and low concentration of haemoglobin in goat. For this reason require to make respiratory rate high than sheep to maintained sufficient amount of gas exchange. The present study was designed to demonstrate the morphometric and histological comparison of the blood samples between the sheep and goat.

Sixty three 63 rats (Rattus rattus) were trapped from some districts in Baghdad governorate (Adhamiyah, Kadhimiya and Amreya), and examined in parasites laboratory for detecting intestinal parasites. The total infection prevalence of intestinal parasites was 45 (71.42%) out of 63 fecal samples with significant differences (P<0.05). The study revealed the black rats were infected with three species of parasites (1 protozoa, 2 cestoda and 1 Acanthocephalan); Giardia spp. 38(60.31%), Hymenolepis nana 4(6.34%), Hymenolepis diminuta 2(3.17%) and Moniliformis moniliformis 1(1.58%). The intestinal parasites revealed significance prevalence value at (P< 0.05). There was differences of statistical between male and female for parasites infection that which higher rate 35 (83.33%) in males than 10(47.61%) in females. The results concluded that importance of rats in transmission of zoonotic parasites diseases to humans. Also used new methods for human prevention from rodents as well as, promotion and education to risk rodents for humans.

This study was undertaken to investigate the role of gallic acid in attenuating hyperglycemia and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to bladder epithelial cells in induced diabetes and urinary tract infection in rats. Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan. Blood glucose levels were measured daily and glucose levels of >250 mg/dl was considered as positive for diabetes initiation. Bladder infection was induced by transurethral catheterization of Escherichia coli. Gallic acid was administered orally at a dose of 2.5,5 and 10 mg/kg and compared with a control group and a group administered ciprofloxacin orally (7.2 mg/kg). Blood glucose level was measured after induced E.coli infection in the rats of each group then the rats were sacrificed and the bladders were taken for histopathology and for the determination of adhesion of E.coli to bladder epithelium. The study demonstrated that gallic acid at concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg significantly (P ≤0.05) reduced elevated blood sugar and inhibited the adhesion of E.coli to bladder epithelial cells compared to controls. Histological changes revealed decrease in severity of acute inflammation and edema with decreased number of neutrophils invading epithelial cells compared to diabetic group.

Mice infected with STEC O26 (2.5×108 C.F.U/ml) to study the pathological changes in intestine due to infection. The gross pathological changes in the small and large intestine were characterized by variable degrees of hyperemia with engorgement semisolid stool was present in the proximal half and fully formed feces in distal colon. The histopathological changes were characterized by, intestine with all stages of sloughed, eroded and complete necrosis of the villi also diffusion together, necrosis the epithelial cells lining the intestinal glands, diffuse inflammation, and crypt abscesses. Moreover, increase in the goblet cells as well as depletion at late stage. In conclusion, The experimental mice infection with STEC O26 induced a significant pathological changes in intestine