Al-Rafidain University College For Sciences

To achieve appropriately fertility rate is a fundamental goal of the objectives population policy of any country, Iraq has faced the high fertility rates during long periods of time, but he was able to limit the high fertility rates in recent years, accompanied by an improvement in the economic and social situation, health and other factors that are direct and indirect effect of reduction fertility.
The research focused on the analysis of fertility using the reproductive history of the sample of married women ages ( 15-49 ) from the raw data of Cluster Survey MICS to Iraq in 2011 to ( 37022 ) woman , in addition to the analysis of the levels and trends and patterns of fertility throughout the life of the mother (completed fertility ) from the index of mean children ever born which is one of the important variables that a directly effect on fertility, as the of mean children ever born to women ages ( 45-49 ) reflects the past fertility while reflecting the fertility rates (TFR) fertility rates during the three or five years preceding the survey , index of parity progression ratio which refers to the proportion of women at the end of their reproductive lives in the age group ( 45-49 ) who are progress from a certain number of children to the highest number of children , and research has come to define the maximum level of fertility at the age group ( 45-49 ) is 5.8 births per woman in the whole of Iraq , also gave the estimate to the level of Primary Sterility deep (4.7%) of women do not have children (childless) , also appeared the parity progression ratio in both urban and rural areas and Iraq are high even second child then begins to decrease with the increase in the number of children, which refers to an increase in fertility control with increasing number of children .

In this article we attempt to estimate the general trend component of the gross domestic product (GDP) of Iraq for the period 1981-2010 using different estimation methods depending on the regression models (parametric with multiple regression,semiparametric models with single index model and partial linear model). We use exponential smoothing techniques (Single Linear, Double Linear, Triple Linear and Holt's Linear method) to forecast the Iraqi gross domestic product (GDP) for 2011. The absolute difference criterion has been used for the purpose of comparison between these methods, the results have proved preference the partial linear estimator when we use a triple linear exponential smoothing forecast for GDP, which was very close to real GDP value .

The research focused on clarifying the conceptual framework accounting responsibility in terms of setting goals and guideline principles, concepts ,and standards for its importance in the direct link between the accounting information system (linking costs and revenues and assets with responsibility centers)and organizational structure where this is useful to link the distribution of the burden of making decision on several sites in regulatory economic unity leads to the speed of decision-making and timely, addresses this research analytical study prepared for the program (generalized to all economic units) by the office of financial supervision ,which carried out will provide information in a timely manner and reduce the time and effort spent in to obtain this information because it contains a variety of system although it is separate and independent system ,the researchers found that this program least out responsibility accounting system Although of the importance application in decentralized unit, althea these system is in depended and this theses focus on the improvement of Union Electronic Accounting System in according with the concepts of responsibility accounting.

Highlights the importance of quality in today's business environment through the achievement of customer satisfaction because it is the decisive factor fundamental to the success of companies in today's world where customers are asked to high standards of quality for the products.
The use of the basis for activities in determining the cost of quality provides detailed information and more accurate information on the costs of quality products help the administration in comparisons between the activities of different quality to see better and increase the effectiveness and the abolition of activities is necessary that do not add value to the products or try to reduce as much as possible to help improve product quality and increase the company's profits.
The study was carried in Midland Refineries Company, which is one of the oil companies vital mission in Iraq and that contribute to the provision of petroleum products different, has been shown through the study that the company has improved the quality of their products in the year 2011 compared to 2010 through increased costs of prevention activities, evaluation and lower costs internal failure and thus increase the value of sales.

The research aims to identify the extent of the impact of the dimensions of Organizational Trust ( Trust in Supervisors, Trust in Co-worker and Trust in Organization Management) in achieving the commitment of personnel, I have tested the search in the industrial sector, representing a company Baghdad Soft Drinks / contribution mixed one of the formations and the Ministry of Industry and Minerals, and applied to a random sample of (60) individuals working within the administrative level executive, and use the search questionnaire key tool to collect data and information with some interviews for the purpose of obtaining on the initial data, and for data processing and information bold tested tools statistical Amwalimah and tested, such as: the arithmetic mean likely, standard deviation, in addition to the use of chi-square to see the relationship between the variables and, finally, linear regression analysis multi to see the impact and the level of significant (0.05).
The research found that there is a positive effect of the dimensions of organizational trust (Trust in Co-worker, Trust in Organization Management) in achieving the commitment of personnel in Baghdad Company for soft drinks, and absent this relationship is positive after organizational trust (trust supervisors) to achieve compliance with them, and based on the researcher recommended that attention be given to assets and cognitive development efforts strategically human dimension

The freedom of expression considers one of most important public freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution , but that the constitutional protection of freedom of expression does not mean that this freedom has become free from any restrictions , because there is not the freedom of the absolute , especially with the development of the means of expression , where the advent of satellite channels and the mass of modern information technologies ( online ) where opinions and ideas have reach to the whole world in a single moment , and expressive crimes have Increased ( anecdotal ) , which lies across the media and perhaps the most dangerous of these crimes targeting , crime provoke civil war through the media , and the media No longer just a carrier for the expression issued by others , but are becoming the owner of ideas and opinions that went to the public ,and these ideas and opinions may involve by content of expressive forms provocative Activity intended to provoke a civil war , so this research dealt with the rules by asking within it about who commits the expressive behavior In order to provoke a civil war, whether simple or media citizen where the research dealt with range possibility predication of expressive crime media foundations.

The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the effect of the increasing of temperature and the magnetized fuel on the performance of compression ignition engine. The engine performance was observed by examining the engine brake power (BP), thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption (SFC), air to fuel ratio (A/F) and exhaust emissions. In this study the gasoil refiner type (ANKRA) was used to increasing the fuel temperature . The fuel was subjected to a magnetic field which is placed to fuel supply line to magnetize the fuel before admitted to the engine cylinder. Two types of magnetic field were adopted in this study, the first one with (1000 Gauss) and the second with (1000 Gauss). The results show a significant improvement in engine performance after increasing the fuel temperature and the magnetic field to which the fuel is subjected. The thermal efficiency increased by (4.68%) and a reduction in the specific fuel consumption by (5.67 %). The exhaust gas emissions show a reduction nearly by (34.3 %) of CO, (33.46 %) of CO2 and (29.26%) of HC.

Noise is a pollutant by the combustion process that may have direct effect upon surrounding environment. In this study, noise measurements were taken for multi cylinders, four stroke Fiat engine converted to run as dual fuel engine on diesel and gaseous fuels of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas (NG).
The study focused on the influence of some operating parameters. These parameters included: engine load, pilot fuel injection timing, pilot fuel mass, and engine speed. It was found that using LPG as the main fuel in duel fuel mixture exhibits higher engine noise compared to NG or neat diesel. The results showed that advancing injection timing from optimum ones increased engine sound pressure levels.

Stress is a normal psychological and physical reaction to the ever-increasing demands of life. Studies show that many challenges with stress at some point during the year.
Seventy five Iraqi dental patients interning collage of dentistry divided in three groups, twenty five patients were admitted to oral medicine and diagnosis department, twenty five patients to periodontal department and the last twenty five patients were to oral surgical department. Each selected group was compared to the each other groups. The parameters of comparison were dental anxiety scale and salivary cortisol. The research was based on evaluation of salivary cortisol and modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS). The cortisol evaluation was achieved using ELISA technique while, MDAS were based on scoring questionnaire.
The salivary cortisol levels and MDAS were ranges from 0.243±0.190 ng/L to 7.760±2.488 with a significant changes 0.0001 (p<0.05) in the oral surgery department. The collected cortisol level and MDAS were 0.274±0.273ng/L to 9.000±3.617 in periodontal department with a significant changes 0.0001 (p<0.05), while the diagnosis department showed a cortisol changes between 0.178±0.132 ng/L to 7.240±2.385 with significant changes 0.0001 (p<0.05).
We concluded that the relations between the anxiety-fear of the patients were significantly changed and strongly related to the type of treatments ; we confirmed that by using MDAS according to the dental treatment in a different departments (oral medicine and diagnosis, periodontal and oral surgery) in compared with salivary cortisol level.The diagnosis department showed the lower values in salivary cortisol and MDAS with high correlation, while the higher values were recorded in periodontal department. MDAS was an effective tool in monitoring an anxiety for the patients. Types and applying of dental instruments were associated with anxiety.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children, representing nearly 1/3 of all pediatric cancers. Annual incidence of ALL is about 30 cases per million people, with a peak incidence in patients aged 2-5 years. Although a small percentage of cases are associated with inherited genetic syndromes, the cause of ALL remains largely unknown. Many environmental factors (e.g., exposure to ionizing radiation and electromagnetic fields, parental use of alcohol and tobacco) investigated as potential risk factors, but none definitively shown to cause lymphoblastic leukemia. Improvements in diagnosis and treatment have produced cure rates that now exceed 70%.
Aim of the study: Determine the prevalence of childhood Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), clinical presentation, mode of treatment, response to treatment and outcome.
Patient and method: A Retrospective study was performed in the Pediatric ward in Al- Kadhiymia Teaching Hospital, medical records of children aged 4month-15years, who were diagnosed as ALL between 1st /January/2000 till 1st /Jul/2007 were studied, 32 cases was collected, history and physical finding were taken from the medical records as well as investigations including CBP ,bone marrow aspiration, LFT, RFT, uric acid, cerebrospinal fluid exam., chest X-ray.Chemotherapy was given according to the MRC-97 modified 99 groups B protocol .
Results: The majority of the patients were from Baghdad 21 cases (65.63%). Peak incidence was in 2001, 7 cases (21.87%). The majority of the patients were between 1- 5 years 13 cases, (40.63%). Males had affected more than females, male to female ratio equal to 1.13:1
Concerning the clinical presentation, pallor 24 cases (75%) was the main symptom, while hepatosplenomegaly 30 cases (93.75%) and lymphadenopathy 31 cases (96.88%) were the main signs. According to FAB classification, the majority of the cases were histological type L2, 13 cases (40.63%) . The Remission rate was 28 cases (87.5%). Follow - up for 5 years showed that disease free >5 years is encountered in 23 cases (71.87 %).

An algorithm for solving variational problems with fixed and free boundary conditions using Hermite polynomials is proposed. The properties of Hermite polynomials with the operational matrix of integration are used to reduce a variational problem to the solution of algebraic equations. The method verifies an accurate approximate solution with using small numbers of polynomials comparing to other methods. Several examples have been applied to the proposed method.

This paper presents an efficient method for the pattern synthesis of linear antenna array based on the differential evolution algorithm. A number of examples are presented to demonstrate the various capabilities of the this method for different number of elements. The main objective of this paper is to achieve a set of current weights in order to steer the nulls in undesired directions (nulling the undesired signals) and steering the main beam towards the desired direction(direction of desired signal) by changing the phase excitation currents. The fitness function is obtained from maximization of error between actual pattern and desired pattern.

This study investigates the influence of cetane number improver on performance and emissions of a DI four stroke diesel engine fueled with biodiesel (derived from corn oil)–diesel blend fuel. Different percentages of cetane number enhancer (2, 4, and 6%) were added to blends. The results show that: the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased compared with diesel fuel. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) improved remarkably, the enhancement achieved was about 6.1% on BTE of diesel fuel with adding 6% of CN improver to B20. NOx increased when CN improver was added to blends. The combustion characteristics of biodiesel–diesel blend fuel at large load may be resumed to diesel fuel by CN improver, but some difference exists at lower load yet.

Camera based systems are gaining popularity in automotive driver assistance systems. They are used to detect obstacles, road signs, road markings and other road users. Today, even low cost camera technology enables obtaining a very good image resolution. The proposed system presented in this paper can be used to measure the distance or the displacement of an object, by applying laser optics and trigonometry.
The vision-based system was developed using a dual laser source and a CCD camera for recording images which are processed to obtain the distance from an object. The image processing techniques used in this paper consists of two main improved processes which are, the detection of a laser spot using image processing and the calculation of the distance based on laser spot position on the image and the relationship between pixel number and distance. It is shown that the proposed system is able to measure distances in a quick and accurate fashion.

The rapid developments in communications systems and the Internet have led to propose a new hiding algorithm to transfer the image, text, or voice over the Internet and network. The image is considered a cover to hide the massage by using a secret random key. The secret key is 9×9 matrix and then random elements are selected to make inverse matrix. The inverse matrix is multiplied by one–dimensional matrix, resulting in hidden images. This algorithm keeps the images secret during transmission through network. Such a process is known as random image transformation and is regarded as a reliable means of concealment.
The results obtained from the proposed algorithm depend on the cover image. The secret key is generated so that it can restore the original image after receiving without losing of any hidden information by recipient in the network.

Nonlinear behavior seems to be the rule rather than exception in nature, so the progressing in security and cryptography scope is very wide needed in the world.
Problem: Cryptographically, there is potential needs to produce the nonlinear products or to complicate the linear system constrains to be as nonlinear system.
Problem Solving:Hence, to solve this problem a new nonlinear scheme for general-purpose pseudorandom number generator (Implementing a New Serial Control as Nonlinear Function for Key Stream Pseudo-Random Number Generator) is presented by this research which comprises two parts; the traditional part, as a combination of LFSR, and a serial part as suggested part comprising a new approach of high complexity performance to meet standard cryptographic criteria.
Results: practically, a strong cryptographic key stream pseudo-random number generator was obtained in this research which provides a substantial increase of complex nonlinearities, leads to the best development of randomness statistical property output sequences, passed all statistical tests successfully, and has large linear equivalence to prevent correlation attacks.