Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences

Aim: To comparison the shear bond strength of Titanium alloy with different surface treatment.
Materials and methods. cylindrical shaped samples composed of metal and ceramic were prepared by lost wax technique and ceramic buil d up, total 21 samples with different surface treatment, subgroup 7 samples for each group according to surface treatment, each sample was veneered performed by the conventional layering technique according to manufacturers` instruction. A universal testing machine was used to determine the shear bond strength. One- way ANOVA test (analysis of variance) to verify if there any statistical significant difference within each group and among the three groups. Least significant difference (LSD) test to compare between each two groups when ANOVA test showed significant difference. t- test to examine the source of differences. Results. On -way (ANOVA) test was used to analyse the results, there was highly significant differences between the groups. Conclusion. In this study, only treatment of sandblasting offered enough bonding strength, sandblasted with AL2O3 obtained the best results with Tic.

Temporomandibular articulation is the highest feature that
outlines the class of the mammalian and divorces mammals
from further vertebra, it allows normal parting and departing of
the jawbone and is needed for purposes such as mastication and
speaking. Components of this synovial joint between the
condyle process of mandible and glenoid cavity of the temporal
bone has been studied anatomically and histologically in 25
autopsies of adult males and female were examined at different
Iraqi cities. Descriptions of TMJ related structures skin, parotid
gland with its traversed facial nerve, all are related laterally the
capsule of the joint, the fibrous connective tissue sac and lines
with synovial membrane, containing synovial fluid, capsule is
supported anteriorly by the fibers of the sphenomandibular
ligaments and to the facial fibers of the masseter muscle .Also
present study describe rectangular masseter muscle with its
dimensions (70±12mm) x (50 ±14) mm; contemporary no
readings were recorded. In addition dimensions of the ovoid
condyle process were 15 to 20 mm from side to side and 8to 10
mm from front to back Current study mentioned dimensions of
the mandibular fossa which has been delimited by the
attachment of joint capsule antereoposterior dimension was
range from 24 – 38 mm and its lateral dimension from side to
side was ranging from 19- 33mm, these differences between
the condyle process and glenoid fossa inform us the free
movement of the small condyle process within the fossa were it
glide anteriorly furing protraction of the mandible and then its
retraction. Measurements of different bones at different sex
depict that the thickest trabeculae by its mean & standard
deviation is founded in male in condyle process, 13.03+1.54,
though the thinnest trabeculae is founded in female within the
mandibular fossa of the temporal bone, 11.23 +0.90. Despite
the fact for recorded algebraic data of the gaps, spaces were
occupied by the trabeculae displays that the widest gaps in
dimension were seen in female mandibular fossa, 36.20 +0.71.
While the narrowest spaces were seen between the trabeculae
of condyle process bone of the mandible in male, 23.25+0.93.
From current study anatomical features are grossly in agree
with other anatomist descriptions, but dimensions of fossa and
condyle are greater than other studies.

Background: Forensic dentistry requires interdisciplinary
knowledge since the data obtained from the oral cavity can
contribute to identify an individual or provide the information
needed in a legal process. Identification is a major problem
facing forensic practitioners, DNA and fingerprints are highly
useful but sometimes are not easily collected from the crime
scene. Lip print could be useful in this field the lip prints are
unique and distinguishable for every individual like
fingerprints. The external surface of lips has many elevations
and depressions forming a characteristic pattern called lip
prints, examination of which is known as Cheiloscopy.
However, there are many well-known implanted methods of
human identification. Historical Background: The biological
phenomenon of systems of grooves on the red part of human
lips was first noted by anthropologists, Fischer was the first to
describe it in 1902. The use of lip prints in personal
identification was first recommended in France by Edmond
Locard. Conclusion: This literature search covering a part of
identifying a person using lip print, lip prints may also be
used in detection work, being the source of criminalistic
information. A lip print at the scene of a crime can be a basis
for conclusions as to the character of the event, the number of
the people involved, sexes, cosmetics used, habits,
occupational traits, and the pathological changes of lips
themselves.

Periodontal disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions
affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. Several studies
have focused on the relationship between ABO blood and
RH factor groups and periodontal diseases.
However, the results showed a lot of discrepancies
Aim of the study: to evaluate the relationship between ABO,
Rh blood groups and distribution of periodontal diseases.
Material And Method: This study involved 560 subjects aged
between 20 to 55 years; selected on random basis from
the outpatient department of Periodontology at AL -mammon
specialized dental center in Baghdad. The patients sample
have been classified in a 3 groups in relation to their clinical
presentation and the periodontal scores on a basis of
Ramfjord’s Periodontal index.
Result: out of 560 patients there were 312 male, 248 female
patients. According to sample classification in relation to
clinical condition and periodontal score, Group I 115 patients
with healthy gingiva; group II 225 patients with gingivitis;
and group III 220 patients with periodontitis ,the highest
prevalence of periodontitis are among blood group
O(34.1%), while higher gingivitis percentage are associated
with blood group A (34.2%). The prevalence of gingivitis was
higher in Rh positive group 43.1%, while periodontitis show
higher prevalence in Rh negative group 40%.
Discussion and conclusion: We concluded that there was
significant relationship between ABO, Rh blood group system
and periodontal disease. Blood group ‘A’ could be a factor of
risk for gingivitis and blood group ‘O’ could be a factor of
risk for the developing of periodontitis. Similarly Rh
positive group considered a risk factor for gingivitis, while Rh
negative group is a risk factor for periodontitis.

Aim: The objectives of this article was to determine the
minimum thickness of two monolithic materials for a
posterior implant prosthesis. Materials and methods sixty
monolithic IPS E.MAX CAD and zirconia crowns with
different occlusal thicknesses were made with the use of a
computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing
technique was divided into 3 experimental groups: group (1)
0.5 mm group (2) 0.7mm group (3)1mm. A universal testing
machine was used to determine the fracture load value. The
restoration was loaded until fracture; the fracture resistance
was registered. Two-way ANOVA has been used to examine
the data., followed by the least significant difference LSD
test. One-way ANOVA variance analysis was used to
examine the differences in fracture load of monolithic
zirconia or IPS E.MAX CAD at various thicknesses
(p=0.05). Results vertical load test revealed that the fracture
resistance of monolithic zirconia higher than the lithium
disilicate crown (E.MAX CAD). The results showed that the
highest mean value of fracture load test was obtained in the
ice zirconia translucent with 1mm thickness group (1880N),
while the lowest mean value was in the E.MAX CAD with
thickness 0.5mm Group (223N). Conclusions: The fracture
resistance of CAD-CAM monolithic crowns is influenced by
the occlusal thickness. zirconia prosthesis with occlusal
thickness 0.7mm,1mm had a high fracture resistance when
compared with E.MAX CAD.

The most serious problem of the resilient denture lining
materials is colonization and penetration of the soft-liner
surface by Candia albicans and related Candida species. So,
this research was oriented to check the antifungal effect of
Chitosan nanoparticles (CHs NPs) incorporated into heatcured acrylic soft liners. 60 specimens were prepared, 30
specimens for disk diffusion test and other 30 specimens for
viable count of C. albicans test. The specimens split into six
groups depending on different percentages of Chitosan NPs
addition: 0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, 2.5wt%, 3.5wt%, 4.5wt%, and
control group without addition 0%). For disk diffusion test,
the autoclaved soft lining samples were fitted into sterilized
Petri dish containing Mueller Hinton agar upon which
candidal suspension were swabbed then fitted the samples on
the agar surface, incubated for 24 hrs. Then the inhibition
zones were measured by utilizing digital caliper ruler. For
viable count test, the autoclaved samples of soft liner were
submersion in sterilized tubes containing Sabouraud dextrose
broth in which a small amount of candidal suspension,
incubated for 24hrs. The Results of the disk-diffusion test
showed the highest mean value of the inhibition zone at
3.5wt% group followed by 4.5wt% group and there was no
inhibition zone for control and other experimental groups.
Furthermore, the viability test indicated the colony forming
units of C. albicans were decrease as the percentage of CHs
NPs increased. With limitation of this study, it was concluded
the CHs NPs considered as a strong antifungal agent and the
impregnation of the chitosan nanoparticles into soft liner that
help to form a soft lining material with antifungal activity and
minimal candida associated infection.

Background: Exfoliative cytology considered as one of the
best technique to obtain the epithelial cells lining buccal
mucosa in oral cavity. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is one of the
most distributed disorder wild world which cause deferent
histological and cytological defects in all body organs.
Aim: To realize the histological changes in oral epithelium
(of buccal and gingival mucosa) in patients suffering from
type 2 diabetic mellitus. Material and methods: Sample
composed of two groups, the study group represented by ten
male diabetic patients, their age between (50-65) years
attending the teaching hospital of college of Dentistry/ Tikrit
university, and the control group (10 male 50-65 years old),
the smear taken from oral epithelia from buccal mucosa,
gingiva and saliva using cotton swab. The samples were
carried on glass slides and stained by using Giemsa dye.
Results: The microscopical examination revealed a number of
histological changes, as presence of binucleated cells,
budding in nuclei and decay (karyolysis) of other nuclei with
the observation of fragmentation (karyorrhexis) of others,
besides, some of vasicular degeneration seen with the
cytoplasm of number of cells and hypertrophy in others.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus type 2 cause many histological
changes in oral epithelia of buccal mucosa and gingiva which
detected by exfoliative cytology.

Acrylic teeth are chemically bond to the denture base material
and are easier to adjust so that preferable on porcelain teeth
but the most de bounding between teeth and denture base
occur inside the patient mouth during function when the
contact area between teeth and denture base was exposed to
tensile strength. The Aim of this study: evaluate the tensile
bond strength of acrylic teeth after reinforcement the denture
base after addition (ZnO) nanofillers materials to PMMA
with different concentrations(2%, 4%, and 6%).Materials and
methods: Forty specimens of heat cure acrylic resin (PMMA)
were prepared and divided into four groups 10 specimens for
each groups as follows; Control Group (Group1) without ZnO
nanofillers particles ; Group (2) with 2% by weight of ZnO ;
Group (3) with 4% by weight of ZnO and Group (4) with 6%
by weight of ZnO, wax pattern sample which used for acrylic
cylindrical shape fabrication were (25 mm in length and 5mm
in diameter ,the base of the cylinder which is 5mm in
thickness and 8mm in length). Tensile bond strength of all
specimens was evaluated. Results: showed the highest mean
value was recorded by PMMA+ZnO 2% (6.4093) while the
lowest mean value was recorded by PMMA+ ZnO 6%
(3.9824). Conclusions: There were significant difference
between control group PMMA and (PMMA+ZnO 4%, and
PMMA+ZnO 6%) and there was no significant difference
between control group PMMA and PMMA+Zno 2%.

Background: Mechanical characteristics are necessary for
temporary treatments. that enable them to hold use within the
oral cavity. Surface hardness is an accurate indication of wear
and deterioration resistance.
Aim: To evaluate and compare the surface Hardness of 2
types of composite material (Harvard- temp and Charmtemp). The specimens were tested in dry conditions and after
2 week of aging in artificial saliva. Material and Methods:
Whole of 32 specimens of dimensions 64mm×10mm×2.5mm
divided in two groups according the type of material
(Harvard- temp or Charm- temp). Each group of material
have (16) specimens. These specimens (16) divided in two
group: control group (8 specimens) in dry conditions and
aging group (8 specimens) 2 week stored in artificial saliva.
ElCO meter Shore (D) device was used to indicate the values
hardness of specimens before and after aging in artificial
saliva. Results: After comparing the results, a significant
difference in the surface hardness of dry and aging condition
of Harvard – temp (P<0.05). However, there is a nonsignificant effect noticed for dry and aging condition of
Charm- temp groups (P>0.05). comparison between Harvard
– temp and Charm- temp in dry or aging condition revealed
for dry condition high significant P<0.001 and significant
difference P<0.05 for aging at artificial saliva. Conclusion:
the surface hardness after aging in artificial saliva of Charmtemp not effect. But Harvard-temp showed significant
reduction in surface hardness after aging for 2 weeks in
artificial saliva. Comparing between the two materials in dry
and aging condition showed difference between two
conditions.

Objective: The purpose of present study is to evaluate the
effect of Aloe Vera gel on granulation tissue formation and
angiogenesis and re-epithelialization stages of experimental
healing process of maxillary oral mucosa in rabbits. Materials
and methods: The current experimental study was carried out
on twenty albino rabbits which were randomly selected and
inhabited under same conditions involving ventilation,
temperature and diet. Each rabbit was anesthetized separately
and undergone surgical procedure in both sides of upper
alveolar bone included longitudinal oral mucosal incision
followed by circular bone defect creation, then placement of
tiny gel foam piece and Aloe Vera gel in left side, while right
side bone hole was left empty to act as control. According to
euthanization time, rabbits were divided into five groups and
sacrificed at the 3rd, 7th, 14th,28th and 42 days post-wounding,
histological and histomorphometrical assessment included
evaluation of amount of granulation tissue formed and
angiogenesis and re-epithelialization.
Results: Histological results revealed a statistically significant
difference in amount of granulation tissue and neovascularization formed and re-epithelialization between
control and Aloe Vera groups at certain time intervals within
total period of experiment with favor to Aloe Vera group.
Conclusion: The use of Aloe Vera gel exhibits a beneficial
effect by increasing granulation tissue formation and
subsequent angiogenesis and enhancement of
re-epithelialization in healing process.