JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

From the last 70 years, there is continuous development in the field of digital image processing such
as geology, biology as well as in medical fields. Solving many problems in the case of numerous
application image processing plays an important role. Recently, wireless communication has been a
dominant medium. When a signal or image is transmitted via the wireless environment, the quality of
the image or signal gets degraded. It is the biggest issue. This happens because of acquisition and color
space conversion. Hence, priority is given to enhance the quality of the image or signal. Enhancement
is the process responsible to enhance the quality of the signal. In this paper, we focused on various
enhancement techniques for image and signal enhancement. Furthermore, this study put down the
result for various enhancement techniques for improvement in the image. Theoretically, the signal
enhancement was discussed shortly.

In this paper, porous silicon has been prepared and studied by photochemical etching method using a ntype silicon wafer with electrical resistivity (0.01-0.02 Ω.cm), orientation (100), 20% HF concentration
of hydrofluoric acid, current density of 15 mA / cm2
and etching time at (5min). Silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs) have been deposited using laser ablation by drop casting by different laser energy of 400,600
and 800m J. The electrical properties (I-V measurements) of silver nanoparticles on porous silicon have
studied in both light and dark conditions. It can be seen the samples behave a rectifier and the current
density increases with increase laser energy due to increase in concentration of silver nanoparticles,
which lead to a decrease in the values of resistivity as the laser energy increases, this is attributed to the
pores are filled with silver nanoparticles and lead to interference between silver and the porous silicon
layer. The silver nanoparticles play an important role in forming a homogeneous layer and enhancing
the crystal stability of the porous silicon layer .

The annealing process was carried out for the Nano composed oxides (zinc and nickel) at different
temperatures (200 ° C, 500 ° C, 700 ° C) and for a specific time of one hour for each temperature change
in order to get rid of the internal pressures and the change in their physical and chemical properties and
study the structural properties. The optical and surface diffraction results of the nanocrystalline oxides
after each temperature change, as the results of the X-ray diffraction of zinc oxide showed that it has a
polycrystalline structure and of the hexagonal type and the X-ray diffraction of nickel oxide showed that
it has a polycrystalline structure of the cubic type. After the annealing process using Brake law and
calculating the average Crystallite size by Debye Shearer method, it was observed that there was an
increase in the average crystal size after each temperature change and the results of FTIR showed the
emergence of the chemical Zn-O band of zinc oxide, as most Studies indicate the emergence of a (Zn-O)
band within the (cm-1
) spectral range (400-700) and the emergence of a (Ni-O) chemical bond of nickel
oxide, where the peak intensity of this bond decreases due to the hot change. Get up in temperatures. The
results of (FESEM) images showed that it is within the nanoscale and that the grain size increases after
each temperature change process..

In this paper, the ablation of pure gold target in distilled water (DW) using Nd:YAG laser of
wavelength 1064 nm and different laser energies (480, 680, 880) mj, with repetition frequency of 6Hz and
number of pulses 300 pulse were studied. The optical properties were studied by UV-VIS spectroscopy,
and the spectra showed the appearance of sharp peaks as a result of the plasmonic absorption surface at
(532, 531, 529) nm corresponding to the above mentioned energies. The results of the atomic force
microscope (AFM) test also showed that the average size of gold nanoparticles decreases with the increase
of the energy of the pulsed laser, that gold nanoparticles possess a cube crystalline phase (FCC) according
to x-ray diffraction (XRD) test whereas the results of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed
that the gold nanoparticles have an almost spherical shape.
Laser skimming of solids in liquid has opened up unique prospects for the manufacture of
nanostructures and as a result there has been rapid growth of studies in the composition of nanostructures
by this new technology in recent years. The resulting nanoparticles are somewhat crystallized, and can be
obtained in an easy and one-step way without any subsequent heat treatment. Due to the high potency of
the cut-off parts, pure colloidal solutions of nanoparticles can form a product that accumulates in the
colloidal solution obtained in a very easy way. Colloidal gold is very attractive to many applications in
biotechnology and biomedicine because of its unique physical and chemical properties.

This study was conducted for the purpose of making milk ice cream free from lactose and
to demonstrate the effect of replacing cows' milk with coconut milk on the general characteristics of
the product, as it was observed in samples made from coconut milk a high percentage of total solids,
a slight increase in the percentage of fat and a decrease in the percentage of total sugars. While the
percentage of protein and ash increased, so did the pH value of the mixture, and the percentage of the
restorative acidity of the product decreased, and The specific weight of the mixture and the product
decreased, the relative viscosity increased, the percentage of rent increased, the percentage of
shrinkage increased, the product's resistance to melting increased, the caloric content of the product
increased, and the degrees of sensory evaluation increased with the increase in the substitution ratios
with coconut milk, and the total number of bacteria, coliform and Staph bacteria increased. aureus in
coconut milk samples.

In this paper, the energy of the first exited 21
for 152-156DY even-even isotopes are compared with the standard values for the three limits, the
vibration U(5), gamma-soft O(6) and the rotational SU(3). The back-bending curve and the relation
between E/ I as a function of I ( E-GOS), the ratio ????(????1
+
)/????(21
+
) and the ratio r (I+2/I) as a function of
spin (I) are drawn for these isotopes to have more information about their properties. Calculation of the
energy of different states along the yrast band has been done using the standard relations for each limit,
U(5), O(6) and SU(3) and a comparison with the experimental data show that they the isotopes 152-
154DY have vibration U(5) properties and 156DY has gamma-soft O(6) properties. The interacting boson
model IBM-1,BM and IVBM has been used to calculate the energy of different states along the yrast
region applying a suitable limit for each isotopes. A program with MATLAB 10 has been built for this
purpose. Agood agreement with the experimental data was obtained.

Electronic systems are considered one of the most important pillars in the development of the
work of any institution, especially the systems related to the administrative and financial aspects .
In this research, an electronic system for salaries for the Nineveh Investment Commission
(NIC) was designed and implemented model using the language (C#), A central database was built
using a Database Management System (SQL), This system was based on a local wireless network to
share work by adopting (Client/Server) model to connect the computers, the proposed system
includes very important features such as the open system data that enables the user to add and amend
the percentages of the basic and secondary salary components, automatic calculation of the salary by
specifying the employee service specifications and the certificate obtained, fixed and variable
allocations and deductions, calculating all leave, Determining annual bonuses and promotions and
organizing them to makes it easy for the user to know who is eligible, update and calculate them, in
this system several levels of system users were built. A report was added for the employee's last
salary certificate with detailed reports on salaries and the system was strengthened with the feature of
backing up to prevent the database from Damage and referred to at any time.
The system was tested on real data to issuing salary reports for three months. As the system met
with great desire and reliability in its use by conducting a questionnaire to measure the usability of
the system on the specialists.

In this study, a mixture of two polymers consisting of commercial adhesive [ethylene vinyl acetate
(EVA)] and melamine (M) Which were used in this study.
Different weights of both polymers were used with total weights equal for (1 g). The asphalt was treated
with the above mixture in the presence of 1% by weight of sulfur at (180 ° C) for one hour.
The rheological properties of the modified samples and original one were measured, which included
measuring the ductility , penetration, and softining point as well as calculating the penetration index and
percentage of the separated asphaltens .
After that, the best samples obtained from the above modification process were taken, and several
interactions were performed on it in order to determine each of :
The optimum conditions for the conversion process have been established and include the percentage of
added sulfur and the temperature the best time, the best weights of the mixture, and the best addition
sequence.
After that, the best sample obtained from this study was taken and the marshals test with chemical
immersion was performed, as well as the effect of aging on this sample was studied.
The study gave g

Speaker identification techniques are one of those most advanced modern technologies and there are
many different systems had been developed, from methods that used to extract characteristics and
classification. The applications of Speech identification are quite difficult and requires modern
technologies with a large number of audio samples and resources.
In this research, the system of speaker identification had been designed based on a text (the word or
sentences are pre-defined) which give the system the capability to identify the speaker in the least time,
number of training samples and resources. The system consists four main parts, the first one is to create
audio databases. In the study, two audio databases were relied upon, the first being a database (QSDataset) and the second database (audioMNIST_meta). The databases were processed and configured in
a way that was explained in the body of the research later. The second part of the research is to extract
the characteristics through the pitch coefficients algorithm, while the third part is the use of the neural
network as a classifier. And the last part of the research is to verify the work and results of the system.
The test results showed the ability of the MNN network to deal with the smallest number of data, as it
achieved a percentage of 100%. As for large data, it ranged from 80% to 81%. Unlike CNN network, the
results were not good for the few data, from 60% to 76%, and with large data it was The results are
excellent, from 91% to 96%.

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of using three
temperatures of 30, 40, and 50 °C and five exposure periods of 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours/degree in
reducing Lambda-cyhalothrin residues in water under laboratory conditions and measuring these
residues using HPLC as well as Biological evaluation of these residues before and after thermal
treatments. The HPLC readings of the residues of this pesticide showed that the highest general
average of the degradation rate was at a concentration of 30 ppm /active substance (93.47%) and at a
temperature of 30 °C (94.79) and for an exposure period of 48 hours (89.80%). and that the
percentage of deterioration in the effectiveness of the pesticide against adults of the insect
T.confusum ranged between 96.72 and 99.22%, and the highest of these percentages was at a
concentration of 10 ppm (99.22%) and at a temperature of 40 ° C (98.33%) and for the two exposure
periods 24 and 48 hours (98.29%). This may indicate the sensitivity of this pesticide to the
temperatures used, which was apparently high in its initial limit, while the highest rate of degradation
was 89.80% at the 48-hour period, which differed significantly from the rest of the other averages,
which amounted to 82.2 , 85.26, 89.35 and 8 6.95% for exposure periods of 6, 12, 24 and 96 hours,
respectively.

A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the
determination of amoxicillin trihydrate (AMOX) as pure and in pharmaceutical preparations
(capsule). This method based on the coupling reaction of drug with diazotized 2,4- dinitroaniline
reagent in an alkaline medium at 20 ºC to produce an intense red, water-soluble dye that is stable and
has a maximum absorption at 555 nm . Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration range 3-16
µg/ml with molar absorptivity of 1.1 x104
l.mol-1
.cm-1
. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.1448 µg/ml
while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.4825 µg/ml. The method shows high accuracy (average
recovery 100.43%) and precision(relative standard division (RSD) is less than 1.4%).The
stoichiometry of the resulting azo dye has been also worked out and it is found to be 1:1
AMOX:Diazotized 2,4-Dinitroaniline.Standard addition method refers to the suggested method is
free from interferences from common excipients. The developed method was successfully applied for
the determination of studied drug in capsules comparable with the certified content value. .

Patients at healthcare facilities require a long-term continuous healthcare monitoring system to
keep track of their vital signs. As it deals with human life, this system must be safe, trustworthy, and does
not interfere with available radio frequencies or sensitive electronic devices such as MRI (magnetic
resonance imaging). This paper introduces a patient monitoring system in intensive care that uses Li-Fi
technology, designed to help enhance patient care and boost doctor’s clinical results. This robust approach
collects patient data timely and integrates securely within the hospital IT framework, feeding information
to physicians, allowing them to make informed clinical decisions. The system uses real-time software
which displays the data from different locations for assessment. It was successfully tested in the laboratory.
Some measurements are discussed, which compare the received pulses to the module’s line of sight (LOS)
output channel to correlate the transmitted channels. In this work, experimental analysis and
measurements are performed to check the efficiency of the proposed concept.

temperature, the semi-empirical tight binding method was used to calculate the band structure
and the matrix elements were calculated for both models sp3
and sp3
s
∗
. A computer program in
MATLAB was designed to calculate the energy eigenvalues for the wave vector points in the first
Brillouin zone between high symmetry points to form energy bands. The effect of temperature on the
energy band of these group of crystals has been studied by changing the values of the lattice constant
under the influence of temperature according to the Pierron relation and thus calculating the change in
the length of the bond with temperature, which in turn affects the change in the values of the elements
of the Hamiltonian matrix. The energy gap and refractive index were calculated at points of high
symmetry as a function of temperature. The results showed a decrease in the energy gap values of
GaAs, GaSb and GaP crystals with increasing temperature. Then the experimental Varshni relation
was used to calculate the change in the energy gap values of these crystals and the results obtained
from current study were compared with the results of Panish and Bellani, where the results showed
that a model sp3
s
∗ gives better results than the model sp3
.As well as the calculations of the refractive
index of these crystals using the Moss formula showed that the refractive index will gradually increase
with increasing temperatures.

In this paper the synthesis of N[(1E)-1- ( 3,5.- disubstituted phenyl -4,5-dihydro-1H- pyrazol-1-
yl) ethylidene or methylidene] substituted aniline [13-15] [17-19] and 1,1-{benzene- 1,4- or -1,3- diylbis
[nitrilo (E) methylylidene]} bis( 4,5- dihydro -1H- pyrazole -3,5- disubstituted phenyl) [16,20] is reported.
Substituted acetophenone was treated with substituted benzaldehyde to give chalcones ((2E)-1,3-
disubstituted phenyl prop-2-ene-1- one) [1-4], the chalcones was treated with hydrazine hydrate in the
presence of formic or acetic acid ethanol to give 1-(3,5.-disubstituted phenyl-4,5- dihydro-1H- pyrazol-1-
yl) methanol or ethanone [5-12], then this products changed to imines through reaction with substituted
aromatic aniline and sodium hydroxide in ethanol to give the substituted pyrazoles.
Also the substituted compounds [5-12] were converted to 1-{(1E)-1-[2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)
hydrazinylidene] methyl or ethyl} – 4,5- dihydro -1H- pyrazole-3,5-disubstituted phenyl [21-28] by
reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine in ethanol.
The synthetic compounds structure. confirmed by IR., UV. Spectra and.physical method.