Journal of sustainable studies

This research is a linguistic reading in the book \\\\" offer an explanation of Sibawayh\\\\'s phonetics \\\\" by his author, Dr. Abdel Monem Al -Nasser, as the chapters of the book are addressing the subject it with criticism and analysis, and we stood through it on the most prominent issues that raised us review and contemplation in the work of the author.
The research concluded that the author of the book was able to understand relatively Sibawayh\\\\'s understanding, especially in the voice level, as his trace backward to other linguistic levels, which is something that his specialization or his reference was imposed in the field of sound.

This research aims to define the most important connotations of the prepositions mentioned in Surat Tabarak, figuring out how many times they are mentioned, and making a statistical study of them, then clarifying what the grammarians and commentators mentioned about their connotations, knowing the intent and intended meaning of each verse, and specifying the most frequent prepositions and the least ones, in addition to mentioning the meanings that were unique to the authors of the interpretation and the parsing books of the Noble Qur’an, which the grammarians did not address in their works. All this was preceded by a definition of the letter in the language and terminology, and prepositions, their designation, number and divisions, then mentioning their specific meanings according to grammarians, and the semantics and meanings contained in Sural Tabarak for the prepositions that were mentioned in it.

The aim of the current research is to identify the effect of the storyboard on developing linguistic intelligence among fourth-grade students. The research sample consisted of (53) pupils of the fourth-grade primary, who were divided into two groups. The experimental group amounted to (27) students, while the control group consisted of (24). Pupils, the two groups were rewarded with a set of variables, educational plans were prepared for the two groups, and the researcher prepared the research tool for linguistic intelligence.
The experiment was applied with an intentional sample and after its application and data collection, the data was analyzed statistically using the (Spss) statistical program, and the results revealed the superiority of the experimental group students over the control group students in the post test of linguistic intelligence. Modern teaching strategies, including illustrated stories, and a set of suggestions were suggested, including: The effect of comic stories on developing written expression among primary school students.

The study aimed to identify forward thinking, as well as to identify diffrent sustainable development among middle school students, in addition to the relation amidst them. And the (Amry 2021) scale for sustainable development after verifying its psychometric properties and adapting them to the Iraqi environment, and the outputs demonstrated that middle school students have future thinking. Secondary school students are also characterized by sustainable development. In addition to the existence of a direct positive significant relation among future thinking and sustainable development among middle school students. The investigation came out with a numeral of recommendations and propositions.

The raw materials from which clothes were made were of great importance in the lives of the peoples of the ancient world, but the ancient Egyptians were more interested in textiles until they reached the point of sanctification, given that the textiles resulted from the race of the gods, and that the craft of spinning and weaving is one of the widespread crafts in ancient Egypt, and the evidence for that The diversity that occurred in clothing since prehistoric times and as an extension of the historical eras of the ancient Egyptian civilization and all levels of the ancient Egyptian society, Especially in the era of the modern state, when textiles entered with colors as a result of openness to the outside world, as there were many materials from which raw materials were made, including linen, which is considered one of the most important Egyptian raw materials used in making clothes, wool, cotton, grass, and woven, and this diversity in raw materials led to distinction between layers In addition to that, there are many places for making textiles. In the beginning, it was made in homes, palaces, and temples, and this is evidence that it is one of the common and widespread industries at different levels. This is due to the simplicity and ease of learning and practicing this profession. And since the textile was of special importance to the Egyptians, they allocated a number of deities (male and female) that were associated with the textile and its industry as protective and supervising deities of this industry.

The issue of educational and cultural centers is closely related to the crystallization of the life of education in any era of Islam, and it is one of the most important topics, as it is connected to achieving the goals of the Islamic call, in changing and building the personality of the Muslim person. Education in Islam derives its guidance from the Noble Qur’an and the honorable Sunnah of the Prophet This education includes lofty Islamic educational teachings and lofty meanings, and it raises generations with upright religion and morals, and prepares man for this world and the hereafter.
Education in Islam is not unique to one aspect of life without another, but rather includes all aspects of life and its religious, cultural, social, economic and political aspects, and these aspects complement one another.

Sustainable development is one of the concepts that preoccupied international organizations and countries and has become a goal that they seek to achieve, and many studies and discussions have been raised around it, as well as the establishment of specialized centers for its study, because of its positive repercussions in all fields.
Therefore, many countries paid attention to them, and developed national plans to achieve them, called national development plans, which included the goals and strategies set by the governments of countries to achieve them.

Through the reality of the study of the situation of urban public transport of the city of Najaf, it became clear to us a set of problems with regard to the structure of the transport sector as well as the type of offer presented represented by urban transport services, and the extent to which they are affected on the urban sphere as a whole through various environmental problems and monopoly of transport service. As solutions to the problems of urban transport and the structuring and advancement of the transport sector in order to keep pace with traffic and achieve development.
The city of Najaf is like other cities where the uses are distributed between the old and modern corridors, where attention must be paid to a network of public roads in the city and the degree of its consistency with the needs of man past and present, and the images of transport problems in the city are characterized wherever after the spring of 2003 when the large numbers of cars to the city increase and the occurrence of security destabilization and accidents, which led to the adoption of precautionary action by closing some roads and placing checkpoints that exacerbated the problem of transport through increased congestion and frequent traffic accidents.

This study aims to shed light on the jobs and occupations in which Jews worked in the city of Jerusalem during the tenth century AH / sixteenth century AD, as the city became a favorite destination for Jews, especially after they were subjected to persecution in Europe. Especially the Jews of Spain and Portugal, and some Jews settled in the city of Jerusalem. They make up the majority of those who work in banking and goldsmithing.
In the field of professional work, the Jews occupied many professions that were prevalent in Jerusalem, so blacksmiths, welders, tailors, dyers and others appeared. The Jews, through the professions in which they worked, contributed to the revitalization of the economy in Jerusalem, along with the rest of the other residents of Jerusalem.

The Husseini rites were nothing but an authentic Islamic issue that represented an obligation of Islam, as those rites embodied sincerity, love and devotion to the divine message when Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) embodied the position of the divine imam in the nation. The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) when he addressed the nation, “Hussain is from me and I am from Hussein.”
Perhaps one of the goals of the Husseini rituals is for the nation to be inspired by the gift of the revolution and to live its goals in building a righteous society whose identity is formed according to the ideological and political vocabulary whose vocabulary was formulated by the infallible imams after the killing of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him). The Husseini rituals derived their values from the greatness of the Husseini revolution, whose permanence and immortality were derived from the sanctity of its achievement and the transcendence of its goals, so Hussein (peace be upon him) became a symbol of the nation and human harmony with the truth. Islamic.

The intellectual movement in Karbala traces its roots back to the era of Imam Jaafar al-Sadiq in the second century of Hijra, when some jurists lived there, including Othman bin Isa Abu Amr al-Amiri al-Kilabi, who left his house in Kufa and resided near al-Ha’ir until he died and was buried there. He wrote books, including: The Water Book. ..and the book of cases and rulings, and the book of commandments, and the book of prayer, then Ibrahim bin Muhammad Al-Abed bin Musa Al-Kadhim (peace be upon him) lived in Karbala in the third century of migration, with these the first study circles were formed and expanded through scholars who were migrating to Karbala and residing in it, in the era Al-Buwayhi (334 AH - 447 AH).
That this renaissance was thanks to the efforts of the Buyids, and the truth is that they were of intelligence and skill so that they were able to distinguish and draw historians from the nature of their era and its importance, especially from the intellectual point of view, which was radiating many of the characteristics of its intellectual platform and its political, religious and mental strength, and this is what we will discuss in Karbala during their rule For Iraq, we learn about their intellectual role in the first topic, and their initiation to establish the first two schools in Iraq inside Karbala, the first and the second in the second topic, and God is the Grantor of success.

Laroui tried to discover the tribal aspect of history, under the concept of historicism, and the concept - as is well known - from the discovery of Carl Fernard to define the philosophy of Vico, but Laroui took a different approach in this concept, and he dissected this concept, and extracted the tools that control history, and these tools have the ability to History and the rule of the historian turned from objectivity to subjectivity.
For this reason, Laroui’s history writing was based on intentionality and selectivity in mentioning historical events, and thus most of the events that occurred in the past will be thrown out of history, because they do not fit the historian’s personal and moral vision.
As every historian has inherited morals and principles that form the framework and the intellectual template through which he looks at history, and all events and personalities that do not fit these ethics will be thrown out of history, and thus the writing of history will be based on a tribal authority that prevents the mention of historical events and personalities as a whole, so there is no need to mention them because they are not subject to Morals and principles of the historian,
Al-Aroui states that this authority is also not subject to the historian’s control because its acquisition was unconsciously, so its growth with the historian’s life is an unconscious growth so that the historian is subject to an epistemological authority that is itself outside history, and the historian must discover that authority within himself so that it does not appear in front of him and be an obstacle And a thick veil in front of seeing historical events.
Therefore, the historian’s self-treatment lies in subjecting it to a psychological method to determine the tribal ideas that exercise their subconscious authority in the entity of the historian, and practicing within scientific tests to review the self while transmitting and mentioning it to history and discovering the weakness point that affects the historian’s subjectivity.

The current research aims to know the future visions of the successful educational administration at the headquarters of the Iraqi Ministry of Education, which is one of the most important educational institutions. The descriptive analytical method was relied upon in order to achieve the desired goals of this research. The successful educational administration in the Iraqi Ministry of Education leads to raising its level according to its functions of educational planning, educational organization, leadership and direction, follow-up and implementation). All of them were retrieved and are valid for analysis, and the answers were tested statistically using the t-test, and the research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which (it became clear that the educational administration functions are applied in the Iraqi Ministry of Education with a level of importance (important) for the whole scale according to the answers of the individuals under investigation in the ministry, but this result It remains below the level of ambition, because educational institutions today live in a dynamic world and in the light of a massive knowledge explosion Drafting a set of recommendations, including (the Iraqi Ministry of Education should pay attention to the dimension of leadership and direction as it is one of the important administrative functions).

The study aims to know the extent of the contribution of foreign direct investment to economic development, by analyzing foreign direct investment data with indicators of economic development. The research also aims to show foreign direct investment after 2003 and the extent of its contribution to Iraq's gross domestic product. The most important finding of the research is that providing an appropriate security environment is one of the most important requirements for attracting foreign investment to the country because capital is cowardly and seeks a safe environment. The most important thing recommended by the study is to set sufficient guarantees for companies that intend to invest in Iraq, due to Iraq’s need for the entry of foreign companies in order to achieve efficiency in the completion of projects and in order to help create a state of optimism in the economic, political and security aspects.

Health awareness is one of the institutional duties of the state in all human societies, including Iraq, which allocates a significant portion of the budgets of health institutions for awareness-raising. Hence, awareness acts as the first line of defense for health institutions to avoid or avoid falling into diseases.
The current study seeks to find out if there is health development in the district of Tarmiya, what are its sectors and how much development has been achieved in it. The study also tries to know the challenges and obstacles facing the development of health awareness in the study area.

The analogy is from the mental evidence, which is reached through the thought processes that circulate in the mind, and these operations are called consideration or contemplation, and analogy is the carrying of the movable on the immovable if it is in its meaning, and it has a remarkable presence in the linguistic sciences, especially the field of our morphological research, Al-Farsi employed him as a guide to infer in various morphological aspects in his books Al-Massala

This geographical study is one of the most important vital hydrological issues related to the regulation of water consumption for the Euphrates River - the Muthanna Governorate section. The temporal and spatial variables under study, as dams achieve positive factors in providing and storing water for large areas of agricultural land during drought periods, and securing water needs when the flow of river water decreases,And ward off the dangers of floods and control the fluctuations in the rivers, as well as benefiting from them in generating electric power, investing the lakes established there in the development of fisheries, and creating and creating a distinctive tourist atmosphere that can be used as part of the process of revitalizing the tourism sector - despite not using the area Currently for this purpose .The objectives of the study focused on analyzing the natural characteristics of the soil and water, the geology of the topography of the region, and the human characteristics that affect the nature of the water flow of the Euphrates River in the study area to reveal the nature of the river’s slope, which leads to the statement of the relationship of the model of the quantitative characteristics of river water by building a river model that shows the efficiency of The river is in the construction of a dam to raise its levels to the areas benefiting from the river in the study area and its reflection in determining the advantages that the governorate can obtain.

Quarantine can be defined as prevention and prohibition. There are many types of confinement between economic, social and political, and one of its types is military confinement, which is carried out during wars on cities, if they are besieged and no one is allowed to enter or leave them.

Justice and logic dictate that the perpetrator of the crime should not be held accountable for the act he committed if he did not have the faculties of awareness and will. They are the basis of criminal liability. And mental impairment as an impediment to penal responsibility may lead to a lack of awareness or will, or to detract from them. Therefore, its impact on criminal responsibility is determined according to the degree of its impact on cognition and will. It either eliminates criminal responsibility or reduces it. And that mental disability is an expression with a broad connotation that extends to mental illness and other neurological and psychological diseases. All diseases that affect cognition affect the mental ability to relate cognition to the mind. And all the disorders that a person is exposed to, can affect his perception, such as exposure to violence repeatedly and for a long time at an early age, Where it can affect mental development and the development of the nervous system, Where there is a permanent defect in the nerve fibers in the brain, which has a negative impact on cognitive development, As well as: the case of exposure to a hormonal imbalance, any imbalance that stimulates hormones can have an effect on the brain and thus may affect cognition, As well as: brain injuries that a person is exposed to may have an impact on cognition, as it may result in an imbalance in perception and awareness. All disturbances to which a person is exposed may affect his perception or will. But no cause alone can activate the disorder. Two or more causes must come together in order to activate the disorder and affect the perception or the will.

The current research, which was dealt with in this research, aims to prove the origins of an art of literature, which is (poetic opposition), which has its origins and roots deep in the past and at all the stages it passed through, and it is one of the literary arts that took wide spaces in the Arabic poem. Also, poets bypassed the stage of imitation and imitation of ancient poems and moved to the context of creativity and innovation, as well as reviving the Arab heritage represented by one of its arts, which is poetic oppositions, as well as preserving the Arab poetic heritage throughout the ages.
What is noticeable in the modern era is the reluctance of most poets to organize in poetic oppositions. The reason for this may be due to technology and its spread and development in the fields of life, and the poets’ departure from the systems in vertical poems and resorting to the systems in popular poetry.
Admiration and imitation are two phenomena related to the human soul, which only admires the beautiful and seeks to possess and imitate it, and that the two phenomena are manifested in various aspects of life. If we go to literature, especially poetry, we find them called poetic oppositions.
Proving the originality of the art of opposition in the Arab heritage, as it still represents a prestigious position among the literary arts to this day. Preserving the ancient and modern poetic heritage throughout the ages, when the opposition poetry added bright pages to the Poetry Diwan, as it was made in the sea of Arabic literature and enriched it.
Urging poets and creators to continue reviving this type of poetry because of its importance in the continuation of the Arabic poem throughout the ages, with the addition of creativity from the poetic talents of poets, imparting a spirit of competition between poets in their opposition poems.
Taking care in the study of literature helps them to deduce literary judgments from prose and poetic texts in a self-style, as it helps in expanding their experiences by confirming their knowledge of people's lives, society and nature by studying and opposing literary poems. The more we review the literary productions of our writers, it is hoped that they will emerge from the heritage of the ancestors with other examples of this fine literature.

This research explained the concept of scientific miracles, its origins and rules, and dealt with the scientific miracles in the verses of the end of the sky and the end of the heavenly bodies. Which the Noble Qur’an mentioned more than 1400 years ago, to put people in front of a reality, which is that Islam is the first to be followed and ratified.

The texts of the poet Ahmed Ramadan, which were included in his two collections: The Mud of Eternity and the Song of Winter, where the phenomenon of death became clear to us even from the titles of the two collections. The movement after its transformation into frost, and we found that what the texts of the two groups included in terms of connotations and symbols of death through images and myths that were the poet’s ink to express it, and all of them - without a doubt - translate to us the poet's phobia of the phenomenon of death and his attempt to resist that fear, even if it was useless.

Worships collectively affect the building and straightening of the Muslim personality, raising it to the level of integration, ridding it of psychological diseases that prevent its advancement, and its psychological and social integration, from selfishness, hatred, hypocrisy, hypocrisy, greed, criminality, etc., because worship always works to correct the self from all these diseases and defects, and it seeks In order for the inner one to conform to the outer appearance and behavior, this is called abandonment and then adornment, to remove internal contradiction and tension, and to achieve complete harmony between the personality and the lofty values and principles of life. this leads man to transcendence, directing his gaze to the ideal realized in divine perfections, in preparation for the straightening of his behavior, and harnessing his powers for the benefit of all humanity, because worship is a serious faith practice for self-evaluation, passing to the assessment of human selves.

Man represents the existence around him through very abstract mental structures are calligraphies that represent a conceptual network or abstract intellectual templates that determine the mental grip on the world around us, they serve as an anecdotal classification of human knowledge within which a set of objects, ideas and behaviors derived from physical sensory experience are included in which they are reflected in linguistic knowledge and linguistic use. The Qur'anic discourse is a communicative discourse that seeks to build a worldview based on Qur'anic logic according to the cognitive ability of man to the world around him, this research seeks to look through a cognitive perspective at the relationship between the calligraphy structure and meaning on the one hand and its relationship to the ideology of Qur'anic discourse on the other hand, which is manifested by the power of the unseen absolute in existence.

This study deals with the political interaction of Iraqi women in the networks of the role of social communication and the role they played in this direction in order to know the political participation of Iraqi women and the extent of the importance of their presence in political work. With women who use social networks of different age groups and educational levels to survey their opinions by filling out the questionnaire, where 200 forms were distributed between 13/3/2021 to 18/7/2021. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which were:
1- Instagram is the most reliable site for women to follow news, with a rate of 61.5%.
2- This study proved that 54.5% of women interact with social issues that are published on social networks
3- 55% of women are satisfied with looking at political publications without ever interacting
4- This study found that 53% of women believe that Iraqi women are able to succeed in performing political tasks
5- With regard to freedom of expression, 84% of women believe that social networks have opened the door to freedom of expression for women
6- 46.5% of women are not satisfied with the political representation of women in the Iraqi state
7- This study revealed that the percentage of women who are interested in learning about political issues did not exceed 2.5%.
8- 41% of women have a political vision through posts published on social networks.

The research came under the title (Frameworks for addressing the crisis of forming the Iraqi government for the year 2021 in the news reports of Al-Sharqiya News Channel (a study according to the theory of news frameworks). Type, and the researcher relied on the method of content analysis to collect, classify and analyze data, while the research sample was a group of news reports for Al-Sharqiya News satellite channel, and the number of reports reached (20) reports, and for the period from 1/11/2021 to 30/12/2021, The most important results that emerged are:
1- The issue of the non-peaceful transfer of power ranked first as the most discussed topic in the channel's reports
2- The issue of conflict between the individual and the authority was one of the most important causes of the crisis between the legislative and executive branches.
3- The issue of the impartiality of the elections was the highest rank among the causes of the government formation crisis.
4- One of the most important external reasons for the crisis in forming the government was the interference of countries in Iraqi affairs, foremost of which are the regional neighboring countries.
5- One of the results of the crisis is the failure of the President of the Republic to assign the candidate of the largest bloc within the constitutional period.
6- Among the proposed solutions, the issue of separation between power and the state came first.

The current research aims [the motivation of exclusivity among postgraduate students] to know:
First: the level of exclusivity motivation among postgraduate students.
Second: The significance of the differences in the level of self-motivation among postgraduate students, according to the variables: gender (male, female), academic specialization (scientific, human), and educational stage (Master's, PhD). The current research is determined by postgraduate students (Masters, PhD) for both sexes (male, female) and for academic specialization (scientific, human), at the faculties of Al-Qadisiyah University for the academic year (2021-2022), and is also determined by the variable of exclusivity motivation.
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher relied on building a measure of motivation for exclusivity, and the measure consisted in its final form after completing the conditions of honesty, stability and ability to distinguish, from (28) items, and to complete this, the researcher applied the measure to a sample of (400) male and female students that were drawn using the random stratified method From which it was chosen according to the proportional method, for the academic year (2021-2022) and after collecting the data and processing it statistically with the help of the Statistical Bag for Social Sciences (SPSS), the research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: that the research sample of postgraduate students has the motivation of exclusivity. There are no statistically significant differences in the motivation of exclusivity among postgraduate students, according to the gender variable (male-female). And according to the variables of academic specialization (scientific, human). And according to the variable of the educational stage (Masters, PhD). Based on these conclusions, the research came out with a number of recommendations, the most important of which is that the Ministry of Higher Education should support postgraduate students because they have moderate uniqueness motivation, high efficiency, and valuable knowledge experiences. Based on these conclusions, the research came out with a number of proposals, the most important of which are: conducting studies and research on the motivation of exclusivity and its relationship to creative intelligence among university students.

The study of personalities is considered one of the important historical studies, because of its great impact in revealing many historical facts and mysteries. Some personalities play important roles in the history of their countries by participating in the political, economic and social life of those countries. The importance of these roles increases the longer the period of time that the character has lived with is full of important events and facts. This study, entitled "Suleiman Franjieh and his Political Role in Lebanon 1910-1992", it came to shed light on the biography of Suleiman Franjieh and his political activity in Lebanon, his arrival to the presidency of the Lebanese Republic, and the most important events that accompanied the beginning of his reign, as well as a study of the internal Lebanese conditions before, during and after the civil war and his policy towards it. The study also touched on his political work after leaving the presidency.

By defining the concept of positive thinking, determining its nature, and identifying the traits and characteristics of those who possess positive thinking, the researcher hopes to determine how therapeutic methods for secondary school students can help them develop positive thinking and attitudes toward the history subject. The goal of the study was to pinpoint the attributes of optimistic thinking and how it is applied to history instruction. The study also sought to understand the nature of the link between positive thinking and attitudes toward history as well as how theories of developing positive thinking are used to changing attitudes toward history.

In human life, communication is extremely essential. Because the main func-tion of language is communication, people require a language in order to convey their thoughts and emotions. Speaking is a kind of communication that allows people to express their thoughts, facts, and emotions. It is about much more than simply the sound; it is also about the aim and meaning of that sound. Commissive speech acts are ones whereby the speaker commits to do something in the future. The data for the study was obtained from the ut-terances made by the characters in Joseph Conrad's novel 'Heart of Darkness' and they were categorised using speech acts theory created by Searle (1979) and Yule (2000). This study is a descriptive qualitative study. The aim of this study is to find out what commissive speech acts are commonly used by the characters in Joseph Conrad's novella ''Heart of Darkness''. In additions, it tries to examine how comissive speech acts are represented in the novella.
The findings of the study revealed that all kinds of commissive speech acts are used in Conrad's novella with different percentages. It is concluded that refusal is the most widely used commissive speech act in Conrad's Heart of Darkness. Refusals have been presented in order to show how the charac-ters' contempt of the listeners and to show their rejection to do many things. By contrast, volunteer is used only once in the novella. Concerning the speech act of promise, it is concluded that the verb 'promise' and the model verb 'will' are used for delivering a promise in the novella, but 'will' is the dominant form used for giving a promise. Guarantee and offer have been utilized with the same percentages.

The current research aims to know the level of ability of students of the Arabic language departments in the colleges of basic education in criticizing literary texts, and the researcher followed the descriptive approach. The Arabic language in the College of Basic Education, University of Babylon, fourth stage. The researcher found their number (171) male and female students. The researcher took a sample of them at a rate of (29%) of the total number. Thus, the research sample consisted of (50) male and female students. The researcher applied the final exam to them. The researcher built a scale to measure the ability of students to criticize literary texts, consisting of (6) main skills, namely (analysis, balance, conclusion, discrimination, judgment and evaluation of ideas). These skills contained (34) indicators or sub-skills. Teaching the Arabic language to find the validity of the tool, and to know the stability of the tool (the scale), the researcher used the method of re-testing, as the researcher relied on the answers of the survey sample, which numbered (15) male and female students, so the degree of stability was (97%), the researcher applied The tool was in its final form after the end of the first semester, and after processing the data statistically using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the percentage, the researcher found that the analysis skill was the most available skill for students at a rate of (44.5%), and the least skill was evaluating ideas among students at a rate of (20.4). And in the light of the results of the research, the researcher concluded that the subject of literary criticism does not include the skills of literary criticism such as analysis, discrimination, balancing, etc., and lack of interest in studying and criticizing the literary text.

Pragmatics is the last achievement of the linguistic lesson, and its investigations came with the notice of this development, and at the forefront of its investigations is the previous assumption that deals with the study of the implicit aspects in the discourse, Pragmatics is the last achievement of the linguistic lesson, and its investigations came with the notice of this development, and at the forefront of its investigations is the previous assumption that deals with the study of the implicit aspects in the discourse, This research seeks to stand on the previous assumptions in the speeches of (Al-Kala'i) (634 A.H), which are worthy of pragmatic study; Because it includes linguistic and contextual issues that carry many social implications that made it a deliberative model, and made the research into two sections, the first topic: the theoretical side, and the second topic: the procedural side.

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between narcissism and creativity among middle school students in Anbar Governorate by answering the following questions: -
1- What is the level of narcissism among secondary school students?
2- What is the creativity level of high school students?
3- What is the nature of the relationship between narcissism and creativity among secondary school students, depending on the variable of specialization.
The research community was among the middle school students in the General Directorate of Education in Anbar Governorate - Ramadi City Center for the academic year (2018-2019) and their number (30400) students in the scientific and literary specialization.
The research sample consisted of (3100) male and female students representing 10% of the study population - and the researcher used two tools to measure the variables of his research, namely: the (Abu Zaid, 1999) scale to measure creativity, and it consists of (4) areas, namely (fluency - flexibility - originality - sensitivity. The scale of narcissism consists of four areas (neuroticism - leadership and authority - self-esteem - superiority and vanity).
The results showed that high school students have an average level of creativity and narcissism in all fields, and there are statistically significant differences between narcissism and creativity depending on the variable of specialization and in favor of the scientific specialization, and the researcher made a number of recommendations and proposals based on the results of the research.

The researcher aims to study the risks resulting from the movement of rocky materials (morph dynamics) in the Jarwa Valley, located north of the western Anbar plateau, with an area of (288) km 2, referring to the most important natural characteristics of the region such as geological and topographic formations and the nature of climatic characteristics, relying on the two stations (Al-Qaim and Anah) in order to reach The most accurate results, because the data indicates that Valley Jarwa suffers from a dry climate with a large water deficit, especially during the months of (July and August), which was reflected in the nature of the vegetation cover, which was characterized by its poverty, and this corresponds to a remarkable activity of erosion processes, whose impact was reflected on the nature of the terrain and slope characteristics And the geomorphological processes that have become a threat to the areas of human presence.
The study identified four types of geomorphological risks associated with the characteristics of the slope, which causes risks in the movement of rocky materials. The valley is under the influence of morph dynamic degrees of risk ranging between (dangerous and medium risk), as it occupied an area of (80-106) km 2, at a rate of (36.8-27.8%) of the total area of Wadi Jarwa, while the (non-hazardous areas) recorded the lowest area, amounting to (7) km 2, at a rate of (2.4%) of the total area.

This research is concerned with Studying the method of negation, a grammatical Study of one of the poetry ibn Alaabar Al- Andalusi, in this research, the researcher will show the tools used by the poet in the negation , their linguistic significance, and the types of negation sentences, and the most prominent syntactic issues and the descriptive approach was the basis of this study, and the research plan necessitated dividing it into an introduction , then a preface , then the first topic to study the actual negative sentence, then the second topic to study the nominal sentence with the application of the poetic verses of the poet Ibn Al- Abaar and then a conclusion that includes the most prominent results of the research.

The study aims at investigating the effect of (Emotional Contagion) in the mentally gifted student , in mentally gifted Schools in Baghdad, As well as checking whether there are differences in the level of Cognitive distortions according to the variables of gender, and school stage. In order to achieve the goal, the researcher used the descriptive approach, on a simple intentional sample It consisted of (50) male students, with (25) male students (25) " In order to know the (Emotional Contagion ) in the students, the researcher adopts (Hatfiled , 1994 )scale which is consists of (15)items. The results of the study were showed that the level of Cognitive distortions among the students was high, meaning that there is Emotional Contagion among the outstanding students. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of Emotional Contagion to the gender variable. However, there are statistically significant differences to the variable of the educational stage..

This research aims to study the beginnings of the cultural and political awareness of the African peoples gradually since the beginning of the First World War, so that it can be considered an important stage in the development of general awareness among Africans, although the process of development taking place slowly, and one of the most prominent factors of which was the missionary missions, which contributed significantly One way or the other, I have to spread cultural awareness among Africans, as he learned a lot of different European languages such as English, French, Portuguese, etc., through which they learned about European civilization and thought related to freedom, the right to express opinion and equality in political and civil rights, also mixing with Europeans had a big role In this area, which was represented in the establishment of human relations, in addition to that marriage between the two parties, which contributed to the emergence of a new generation.

The marriage of minors is a phenomenon that has existed since ancient times, as it has historical and social roots, closely linked to the values, customs and traditions of societies, but it was not mentioned as a phenomenon until recently, due to the various social, psychological, and health problems that resulted from it. The family balance, and perhaps its dissolution, so one of the objectives of this research was to identify the opinion of the respondents on the phenomenon of underage marriage, to identify some personal and social characteristics among married couples who are married to underage girls, to identify the reasons for underage marriage to rural girls, and to present some proposals to confront this phenomenon of underage marriage. For rural girls from the point of view of the respondents, and to achieve these goals, areas from the outskirts of Baghdad were selected, and data were collected using a questionnaire form from married women. The results indicated that one of the most important reasons that push the family to marry their underage daughters is ignorance, backwardness, old habits, the girl’s jacket, the girl’s lack of education, and the appropriate groom. Responsibility and family problems. The respondents also referred to some proposals that would reduce this phenomenon, as follows: taking legal measures against the parents of girls who violate the law and marrying their daughters before the legal age for marriage, and taking the necessary measures to deter doctors who manipulate the teething of young girls to enable them to marry at an early age Less than the legal age for marriage, and work to reduce the phenomenon of dropping out in general and rural girls dropping out of education in particular.

The study aimed to build a cognitive-behavioral therapeutic program to improve the level of mental health and reduce bullying among the employees and students of the Anbar Governorate Police Training Center.
In order to achieve the aim of the study, the authors of the study followed the procedures of the descriptive research approach. The descriptive approach was used to build the proposed program according to cognitive behavioral therapy.
The program is mainly based on adopting the group therapy method, due to the many advantages and benefits of this method, where all the program sessions are group, in order to facilitate the process of communication, communication, participation, interaction, creating an atmosphere of intimacy and friendliness among them, in addition to This is because the group therapy method is commensurate with the nature of the sample under study, and the nature of the problem. Cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques based on restoring the cognitive structure and working on thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and physical reactions were used.
As for the techniques used in the program, they are (1- Lectures, 2- Group discussions, 3- Relaxation training, 4- Stress immunization training, 5- Homework, 6- The relationship between events, thinking and results, 7- Cognitive reconstruction, 8 Role playing, 9- modeling, 10- self-affirmation, 11- problem-solving method, 12- imagination, 13- internal dialogue).
In the light of the procedures that the researchers followed in preparing the program sessions in their final form, the researchers recommend the following:
1. Benefiting from the program sessions to improve the level of mental health by applying it to other samples from the community.
2. As well as benefiting from the sessions of the program to improve a number of psychological disorders among individuals.

It is clear from the above that the League of Arab States is considered the pinnacle of the Arab regional organizational pyramid, and that it had a major role in settling many crises among member states, and that the Arab League did not make the jurisdiction of the peaceful settlement of crises exclusive to its council, as the articles of the Charter intended, but rather went beyond it to the trappings of the Secretary-General. For the university, and his individual activities pushed towards activating his contributions to a greater degree than what the charter specified for him at times.
It is also clear from the study that the Arab summit conferences were one of the basic foundations in the Arab world that contributed to strengthening the role of the Arab League, as the diplomacy of the Arab summit was more capable of achieving a great degree of success in working to peacefully settle many of the disputes that broke out between the Arab countries.
The Arab League has faced and continues to face many crises that fall outside its control and affect its performance and weaken joint Arab action within its framework. Perhaps the most prominent of these crises is the nature of the Arab conflicts themselves, as they are not legal disputes, even if they pretend to be so, but rather political disputes with a long-lasting impact. It is linked primarily to the motives and positions of the ruling political systems, even if they take the form of border disputes, for example, or disputes of a political nature, or claims of interference in internal affairs, or other conflicts and crises that appear to involve legal rights, but in reality remain hidden behind them. Political goals.

The objective of the current research was determined by identifying the effect of the Knowledge Keys strategy on the development of dexterous thinking among students of the second intermediate grade in the subject of social studies..
This research was limited to middle and second grade students in middle and high schools in the center of the city of Amarah, and the researcher used the experimental design with partial control, and the research sample consisted of second grade students; As medium (Abdul-Saheb Dakhil) was intentionally chosen to represent the research sample, Division (B) was chosen randomly to represent the experimental group and Division (A) to represent the control group (30) students of the control group, and the equivalence of the two research groups was verified in terms of chronological age (in months), final exam scores for the previous year 2021/2022 in social studies, intelligence level test (Raven test for intelligence), pre-skillful thinking test scores, and the researcher built a tool For the research, which was represented by a measure of clever thinking consisting of (60) items, which was prepared by (Al-Saffar, 2008), and its validity and reliability were confirmed, and the experiment was applied in the first semester; The researcher himself taught the two research groups during the experiment period from Sunday 10/30/2022 until Thursday 12/29/2022, and the results were processed statistically using the t-test for two independent and interrelated samples, and the results showed the following:

1-The students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in the dexterous thinking scale.
2-The students” superiority is due to the positive characteristics this strategy possesses. It merges the previous knowledge existing in the cognitive structure of the students with the new knowledge, achieving meaningful learning.
3-The Knowledge Keys strategy contributed to attracting students” attention and increased the suspense of the study material because it was presented in a sequential and accurate manner, which facilitated the process of developing students” thinking.
According to the research results, the researcher has several conclusions:
1-The use of the knowledge keys strategy provided an opportunity for the participation of cooperative groups, especially those with low participation, in expressing their ideas, opinions and suggestions, and increased their enthusiasm towards their work, and increased the opportunities for exchanging experiences for them, and at the same time enhanced the opportunities for thinking in general.
2-The application of the steps of the Knowledge Keys strategy generated desire and enthusiasm among students towards the subjects of sociology and active participation in the lesson.
According to the research results, the researcher made some of recommendations, including:
1-Emphasizing the use of the Knowledge Keys strategy in teaching other social subjects to middle school students, because of its positive impact on raising achievement and developing thinking.
2-The need for social studies teachers to introduce training courses to make them familiar with modern strategies of teaching, including the Knowledge Keys strategy
The researcher also made a number of suggestions, including:
1-Carrying out similar studies for other educational stages, to find out the effect of using the Knowledge Keys strategy in teaching social subjects.
2- 2-Conducting studies to compare the impact of the knowledge keys strategy and other educational strategies on achievement and acquisition of other educational stages.

The aim of the current research is to find the relationship between academic passion and cognitive integration among middle school students. The presence of a high level of academic passion among middle school students and a low level of cognitive integration, and the results showed a strong and positive statistically significant relationship between the two variables, and the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals in order to shed more light on this subject as well as studying the two variables with other variables and for different ages and other stages.

Where the researcher divided his research into two sections, he dealt in the first with the social life, which included his name, lineage, and his nickname at birth, and the opinions of scholars, and the most important of his students and the statement of his elders. He was in the service of the Umayyad state for 16 years and 40 years in the service of the Abbasid state, and he held a position on the tax office, as for the second research. Statement of the most important historical narrations that were mentioned in the books of Sahih, Sunan and Musnad, a historical study compared to other sources, which included the most important narrations in jurisprudence and the rules of prayer. And in different places and aspects in travel - blood money, marriage - washing. As for the motives that prompted me to choose the subject of the research. It is the identification of the study and knowledge of this character and the statement of its important role, showing the similarities and differences in these narratives. As for the difficulties that the researcher faced, it is the ambiguity of some characters in the translation and the difference in name, and I did not find some of them knowing the year of their deaths.

The present article aims to study the phenomenon of street children and wars and their consequences Children are the joy of life and adornment of the world, and they are the foundation of the future on which all cultures of nations are based. The basis of the prosperity and progress of countries is to prepare their children to be leaders of science, knowledge, culture and progress. With all the attention of all groups of society, by all available means. The phenomenon of displacement of children emerges as a very serious phenomenon, pollution of the cultural scene, and the fluctuation of all balances of humanity upside down, and this miserable scene is to see homeless children who roam the streets without any particular or sponsor, and lack the family atmosphere and attention and care, the phenomenon of homelessness is a widespread phenomenon At present, especially in third world countries, where poverty, hunger and wars , Definition of street children The term street children refers to children who have not reached the age of majority and who live on the streets, including uninhabited dwellings, desolate land, etc. These children are also known to be under-protected, under-supervision or directed by responsible adults, The estimated number of displaced children on the streets is estimated at 100 million children aged 15-18 most of whom live and work on the street or live in homes but are forced to go out to contribute to the family's little income in any way possible, I love you Newspapers, garbage, begging or prostitution, and the rest are called street children who live and work in the streets of the city and have little or no relationship with their familiesThe current study highlights the results, which are the prevalence of this phenomenon, in addition to the abnormal number of orphans and widows.

The authors of this study implemented an experiment to investigate the validity of the null hypothesis‚which claimed that there was
which claimed that there was not a statistically significant difference (sig. = 0.05) between the mean score of the experimental group, who studied according to the motivated abstract thinking model, and the academic achievement mean score of students in the control group, who studied conventionally.This test was applied in the first semester of the 2020-2021 academic year in Asia Bint Muzahim medium school, affiliated with the General Education Administration of Baghdad,Al-Rusafa 2rd. The researcher identified the first four chapters of the sciences course part one to the grade-2, medium school students, studying empirical sciences1, as the scientific material. The results of this research, which exploited an appropriate statistical instrument, indicated that the experimental group students, who studied according to the motivated abstract-thinking model, were outperformed the control group students, who studied conventionally.

The New Turkish Role that defend the Palestinian case has stood out as an important factor in the balances of the Middle East Conflict about the Palestinian case, as we find that Turkey has defended and with their highest level about the Palestinian people and against Gulf normalization It rejected all forms of annexation and expansion on Palestinian lands account. In this research, we are trying to study the reality of this role and its impact on the region under international power balances and competition. So Turkey has intervened in crises of international conflict It had to confront the determinants of this conflict and compete in resolving the Palestinian case to gain more support and global Islamic influence.

In these lines، we reviewed an important agreement in Sudanese political life، which was considered a new turning point. In achieving part of bringing peace، especially with regard to the popular liberation movement، which had hopes And the aspirations of the people of South Sudan to get rid of the abhorrent civil war that has exhausted the country، and here this action and especially for the South was considered a new victory in achieving peace and self-determination Therefore، this agreement was considered one of the important agreements of the annexation of the initiatives of Islam between the North and South Sudan because it carried with it the signs of achieving comprehensive peace and the right to self-determination of the South.

The objective of the current research is to "build a strategic thinking skills test according to the two-parameter logistical model of the paragraph response theory", and to achieve this goal, the researcher built the test items, as she followed the scientific steps in building the test starting from defining the theoretical concept of the concept depending on the construction of the test to Thurston's theory In the light of this, paragraphs were prepared, which were (25) paragraphs to test strategic thinking skills with multiple choice, then the researcher presented the test paragraphs and alternatives to a group of experts and arbitrators to ensure the availability of appropriate characteristics for them and their alternatives in terms of form and content, and the researcher took With the amendments put forward by experts and arbitrators (in the field of measurement, evaluation and educational psychology), all the items of the test in its final form amounted to (25) items, and the researcher applied the test to a sample of (1000) male and female students from the university students, who were chosen according to the stratified random method. The researcher used the STATA program to analyze the test items and to verify the assumptions of the model in terms of one-dimensionality and the test of good conformity and independence of measurement. Checking the validity and reliability of the test, and in the light of the results of the current research, the researcher came up with some recommendations and proposals. Keywords: test - strategic thinking skills test - the two-teacher model.

Michael Bulgakov – one of the writers most favourite and esteemed in Russia. In works of the writer have found reflection the diversified topics of the day of the Russian and Soviet validity. Bulgakov was not afraid to deride the ugly Soviet validity, at which steel to prosper ignorance and a barefaced careerism. Thus the writer and has not accepted for itself new authority, its sympathies have remained on a side of former Russia and those who for it struggled, it at all did not hide it, putting all soul in the plays, stories and stories. Therefore its works were so are attractive for one and hated for others.
« The master and Margarita » - one of Michael Bulgakov's the most known novels. In it the mysticism, history, thin humour, religion and philosophy meshs. Many phrases from the novel became rather winged. Among Bulgakov's other famous works it is possible to allocate the novel « White guards », plays « Days Турбиных », "Run", "Moliere", stories « the Dog heart », « Killer eggs ». The majority of them have been printed and staged theatres already after death of the writer. A heavy financial position because of impossibility to publish or finish to a stage the works and constant critical attacks in the Soviet press have led to premature death of M. of Bulgakov. But Bulgakov's books all the same have made the way to the reader, translated on many languages of the world. On Bulgakov's works now also in many countries films are removed and put performances. The whole separate branch of literary criticism – булгаковедение within the limits of which many are written already is engaged in scientific studying of work of the writer.

The issues of management and administrative supervision have preoccupied many philosophers, scholars, interested persons, and workers in the field of management for many years, as they have an impact on basic research and applied research, in addition to the multiplicity of attempts to identify the capabilities, energies, and creativity of the individual. Management is a purposeful human activity that seeks to achieve common interests for the organization, and it exercises According to scientific foundations and technical methods in order to achieve the best results, which is the basis from which the administration took its principles and laws.
Supervision is responsible for all dimensions of the administrative process, as it is an applied approach that combines management functions towards planning, leadership, control, and continuous development of the available human, material and technical resources. It is also a participatory process in which everyone involved in the educational process participates in a flexible, dynamic manner. And horizons of freedom and creativity, and it is an organized process in the sense that it is subject to carefully planned rules, controls, procedures and tasks in order to perform its function in the best way.
Supervision is an essential pillar of the administrative system and aims to develop and increase the effectiveness of that system by working on developing its interventions and developing its operations to achieve the desired outputs. Through his roles and tasks assigned to him, he seeks a basic goal of achieving quality learning and improving its quality.

E-learning is one of the foundations through which the extent of development is known, and this fact did not come out of nowhere, as it is a step towards advancement, in addition to that it summarized many principles towards the starting point, and presented in a different and summarized way for documentation and storage. electronic? The aim of the research: to reveal e-learning and its educational data in the design of the educational poster. As for the subjects, respectively: the concept of e-learning, educational data for e-learning, the design of the educational poster. The indicators and conclusions, including: Then followed the proposals: e-learning and the economic justifications for its design.

This study aimed to identify the role of digital public relations in human rights non-profit organizations in educating the public about their digital rights. The case of the Maat Foundation for Peace, Development and Human Rights was taken as a model for the study. To achieve the goal of the study, the analytical descriptive approach was relied on, and the content analysis tool to analyze the content of the page " Facebook" of the Foundation during the period from April 2021 AD to June 2021 AD, due to the cases of enforced disappearance of citizens witnessed during that period, the lack of clear reasons, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and digital rights. The results showed that the center focused on the educational content, with 44% of the content of "Maat for Peace, Development and Human Rights" being educational, while the news side took only 8% of the total iterations. The topics highlighted by the "7amleh" center consisted of 6 topics, the most important of which were: violent discourse and racist incitement, awareness of digital rights, protection against electronic fraud, and safe use of the Internet; job opportunities; digital gender-based violence; and others (separate news and topics); The topic of awareness of digital rights accounted for 19.8% of the total publications, where the topic of awareness of the right to equality and non-discrimination ranked first in terms of frequency and 57% of the ten analyzed rights. The focus of the "Maat Foundation for Peace, Development and Human Rights" on raising awareness of the right to access the Internet and the right to privacy ranked second in the frequency of topics for each of them, and 21.5% of the frequency of digital rights for each of them.

geomorphological value. It aims to evaluate sites of landforms of value that have acquired aesthetic, religious, economic, historical, heritage, educational, cultural and scientific values according to a concept called Geomorphosite (M.M,hossein). zadeh, S, H) The Al-Saiba area located in the southeast of Basra Governorate _ Iraq) located at latitude (30.19.96) north and longitude (48,15,37) east was chosen as a target for evaluating a site of value according to the concept of gemmorphosites known in Foreign studies, and the results of applying the values and standards of the method Lucie Kubalikava. 2013, which links the geomorphological form with some components and criteria such as aesthetic value, economic, scientific, educational and educational value, and geographical conservation values. It turned out that the site has a high value for tourism and economic purposes, and the final evaluation results concluded that the site obtained a percentage of (70.58%(

Throws the current search know my book reading calendar for Sfian second and third magistrates from the teachers and supervisors of view, and to achieve the goal Find readied researchers to identify open geared to teachers and administrators Arabic language material parameters and Mcharfadtha and to identify the adequacy and palaces in a book reading for grades II and III magistrates, and having identified the researchers prepare primary school in Baghdad centers used the random way in the selection of the sample, which amounted to 10 primary schools and wildly original community by (5) schools in the education of Karkh second Directorate, and (5) schools of breeding second Rusafa Directorate, the sample of teachers The parameters polarization has summarized the teachers of Arabic language material and parameters all who knew Arabic language for students of second and third-row magistrates and their number (46) teachers and sample supervisors was number (5) supervisors sample to represent the polarization, and included a sample basic research administrators Arabic language and Mcharfadtha who oversee the primary teachers in the departments of education Baghdad's Karkh second, second and Rusafa, after analyzing the results and display them on according to fields and levels using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the percentage, and the weighted average statistical treatment, and in the light of this, concluded the researchers to several conclusions, including:
1.my introduction to the books did not highlight the importance of reading and guidance to the learner's school book, but they care Taatava style of direct dialogue with the teacher and the learner. 2.books in Hrhama easy vocabulary and composition language was adopted, was to avoid the briefing, as well as so that the books were not material Mlaimtin number of hours scheduled for them The researchers recommended several recommendations, including :The need to keep up with the Arabic language teachers of the modern trends in the teaching of their material and the opening of training courses for them.

The research touched on the most important complex pathological phenomenon characterized by mental, psychological and behavioral disorders that affect children in small age groups, namely autism. Its symptoms appear before they reach the age of three years, and it may persist with them for life sometimes if treated early.
The disease is related to the development of the child’s brain and how it distinguishes things and people in the surrounding environment, which causes him to have health and mental problems represented in language, behavioral and developmental skills. The disease is the result of multiple pathological, genetic, environmental, viral and behavioral factors and causes that interact with each other to play an important and key role in the emergence and development of the disease because of their impact on their demographic characteristics (qualitative and age). The research dealt with many economic and social problems and obstacles and psychological pressures experienced by families of autistic children and the extent of their ability to adapt and train their children to improve their health status and the methods of their social, psychological and environmental integration with members of their community.
The researcher relied on field work to achieve the goals and requirements of the research, as he reached multiple results, the most important of which is identifying the factors that cause autism in children, and it was concluded that the most important of which is the genetic factor, The research pointed to the most important family problems that are related to the presence of the person with this disease, and it appeared that adaptation and dealing with it is one of the most important difficulties facing the family, at a rate of (57.70%). The researcher hopes that this topic will constitute a catalyst and impetus for future studies of wide interest by specialists and relevant authorities to make more efforts and develop development strategies for treatment and necessary to advance the reality of this segment of the complex.

The historical sources did not ignore the development that took place in the intellectual aspects during the period of the Buhi domination over the magnitudes of the Abbasid caliphate, but the distinctions of this period from the reigns of the Abbasid state were intellectual diversity and wide freedom despite the political tensions, but what we want to focus on in this study is the weighting of the political factor That it was a major reason for the intellectual development that took place at that time, and we can say that it is the factor that stimulated the rest of the factors, as long as Baghdad possessed bookcases and a role for science, and many scholars, writers, and thinkers succeeded in it, but what this period brought is different results than what preceded it.

A poem is one kind of written text; i.e. "a semantic unit", therefore, it should not be regarded as a “unit of form but of meaning” (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 2). This meaning is created when the poem's parts are linked together, and this is the function of cohesion. And it is achieved through the use of different kinds of cohesive devices. This essay aims to identify different kinds of parallelism. And it aims also to show the purpose behind using these kinds based on Halliday and Hasan’s (1985) model of cohesion and following both quantitative and qualitative methods.

This study focused on the chemical properties of groundwater in Shwan district (Kirkuk district) and its suitability for human use, whether (drinking, agriculture, industry). And after taking measurements of the elements (pH, total dissolved salts, electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, sulfates, chlorides, and nitrates), and arriving at the quantity of concentration of each element in groundwater and matching it with international and Iraqi standards. The results proved that there are some wells whose components fall within the permissible limits for human use, while some wells components are outside the classification, which requires treatment if they are used. Where we find that the electrical conductivity values range between (350.1 - 2549 m/ cm), and the percentage of total dissolved salts ranges between (295 - 1931 mg / liter.(