Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

In this study, three heavy metals (mercury, nickel and copper) in twenty eight canned fish and meat samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The metal contents, expressed in ppm (mg/ L), varied from 0.01 to 3 ppm in canned fish and from 0.001 to 2 ppm in canned meat for mercury, from 0.0001 to 0.0003 ppm in canned fish and from 0.0001 to 0.0007 ppm in canned meat for a nickel, and from 0.001 to 0.01 ppm in canned fish and from 0.001 to 0.1 ppm in canned meat for copper. The results of this study showed the concentration of mercury in fish and meat samples exceed normal levels, and statistical analysis of results by ANOVA showed significant differences between fish and meat in some samples for mercury

Rabbits were treated with large does of progesterone for up to 420 days developed numerous cysts of the endometrial ,sometimes associated with atypical .Histological of examination was performed on uterine biopsy samples of irregular cystic (polyp) masses noted .During caesarean section of a 2 month –old female Rabbits ,Microscopically examination revealed dilated hyperplasia gland with focal back to tack appearance ,surrounded by spindle ,fibrocystic-like cells ,stroma, heavy plasma cells infiltration of the endometrial by widely scattered viable and degenerate neutrophils ,lymphocytes , and plasma cells admixed with mild amounts of cellular debris and hemorrhage. The endometrial was markedly expanded by many irregular polyps and hyperplasic gland .Grossly one uterus was slightly thickened with pale mucous membranes .Where as the other uterus had numerous small ,4 mm in diameter, translucent cysts diffusely scattered on the endometrial surface .2x1.5x1 cm polyp oval ,hard, gray-blue smooth surface. Shows pink and bluish thin with small cysts.

This study evaluated early event effect of apple cider vinegar on burn wound healing in rabbits. Fifteen adult rabbits were brought from the Basra local market and raised under proper management conditions in Basra veterinary medicine college. The age of these rabbits ranges between 10-12 months and their body weight was 2-3 kg. The rabbits were divided into three groups, group A (control), group B (treated with lincomycine and group C (treated with apple cider vinegar. General anesthesia was provided by a mixture of xylazine and ketamine HCL at a ratio 10:25 mg/kg intramuscularly. Selected site were shaved, cleaned and disinfected. A burn of 3 cm in diameter was made in the glutted area of the electrically heated stump at temperature 80 C for 14 second.
Observation of burns of contract ability and study histopathological changes. The macroscopically results appear in all groups on 1st, 3rd, 7th, is different observation but on 7th days is complete healing, but the microscopically changes are also they seem results for good healing in group C.
The apple cider vinegar contains acidic acid and other acids is acceleration burn healing.

Our experiment used ( 12 ) female rabbits divided into three groups every group have ( 4 ) rabbits were studied for their wound healing properties in the form of ointment, using one type wound models (full thickness incisional wounds) .The ointments of oil extraction of coconut were applied in concentration 5mg used in the present study.
The pathological examination into 3rd days of treated wound shows, there are a little hemorrhagic area ,inflammatory cells are more in number, ,plasma cells are high in numbers and very little neutrophils ,cloudy swelling in skin cells ,and hemorrhages into dermis compared with a control wound that show first stage of healing presence of hemorrhagic area and congestion ,slight inflammatory cells infiltration neutrophils, collagen fibers , and skin cells .
While after 7th days the treated wound shows absence of hemorrhagic area , presence of inflammatory cells especially macrophage cells ,plasma cells . Absence of neutrophils, granulation tissue and growth of layer, new blood vessels and bundles of collagens and re-epithelization compared with a control wound that showed a clot into hemorrhagic area , granulation tissue and growth of skin layers , bundles of collagens, vacuolated skin cells, epithelial cells, plasma cells, macrophage cells, and neutrophils debris .
After 14th days the treated wounds show debris of granulation tissue, excessive collagen bundles, with epithelial cells remodeling and macrophages found in the area while control wound showed little hemorrhagic area ,the stratum cranium formation , absorption of granulation tissue ,and vacuolated skin cells . There is a little macrophage into the margin of the wound. Aimed of my study to study the effect of coconut oil extract on the healing of skin wounds .The work of this research into Pathology and poultry diseases department -Veterinary Medicine college .

The current study was conducted to evaluate the hematological and biochemical alteration in German shepherd dogs suffering from bacterial urinary tract infection in Diwanyia City Police Dogs division. The total number of examined cases was 7 cases and three bacterial isolates were detected from urine samples. Of the isolated strains 5 (71.42%) were identified as E.coli, 2 (28.57%) identified as mixed infection with E.coli and Streptococcus spp. Infected animals showed hematuria, fever, depression, abdominal pain, loss of appetite and restlessness. Physical examination of the infected urine showed turbidity and red coloration, furthermore chemical examination indicated the presence of RBCs (hematuria +4), bilirubin, Urobilinogen, leukocytes (+2), protein (+2), nitrate (+1) and the specific gravity is 1.030, glucose was negative in all cases. Crystals (amorphous), epithelial cells and casts of different types have been detected in the microscopic examination of the urine. Moreover results also indicated increase in creatinine and urea values, however there was a decrease in the concentration of K+ (potassium) in serum in case (No.5), mild increase in GGT values in the cases (No.5, 3 and 6) have been indicated. On the other hand triglyceride value showed increase in case (No.3) comparing with other cases. The results revealed that the Hb rates have been increased in case (No.5) compared to the other cases. The results revealed that the percentage of bacteriuria in the affected dogs was (57.14%).

The present study assessed the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in diarrhea patients ,beef, and raw milk. A total of 675 samples were inoculated in trypticase soy broth to enhance the growth of E. coli O157:H7. Out of total samples 73.5% isolated as E. coli then cultured on Sorbitol MacConkey agar ,31.8% non fermenting sorbitol (NSF) E. coli colonies were isolated and confirmed by specific biochemical tests . From NSFEC 13.7% were diagnosed as E.coli O157:H7 by serological test ,the result revealed no significant differences in the level of contamination with E. coli O157:H7 between beef ,stool and milk .The isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotic susceptibility test which showed resistance 100% to cephalothin ,cefoxitin , cefixime, trimethoprim , amoxicillin, azithromycin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and sensitive 100% to ciprofloxacin ,imepenim ,nitrofurantion gentamycin and amikacin . No major differences in antibiotic susceptibility patterns among the isolates were observed.

study was conducted to evaluate the usage of dexamethasone (Dx) in the treatment of liver function tests in experimental paraquat (PQ)- induced oxidative stress in male albino rats. Three groups of rats were subjected to this trial, control, PQ group (50 mg/ kg orally) and PQ with Dx (50 mg/ kg orally, 4 mg/ kg ip. Respectively)daily throughout the 15 days. Results revealed that treatment with PQ caused a mortality rate in a ratio of 30%,significantly increased (p≤0.05) of glucose, cholesterol, bilirubin concentrations and alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and amylase activities but the concentrations of both triglycerides and serum proteins were reduced compared with control whereas the treatment of PQ- treated rats with Dx decreased mortality rate (30%) and corrected the activity of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase enzymes whereas Dx treatment induced an elevation in amylase activityin addition to the elevation of concentrations of total cholesterol, total protein and albumin in comparison with values of PQ- treated rats, Dx did not affect the concentration of glucose. In conclusion, the treatment of PQ- induced toxicity with Dx in rats was efficient in correction of most liver function tests.

This study shows the effects of Testosterone hormone on uterus tissue in female mice. We used twenty laboratory mice (Ten animals for each group). The first groups used as a control by using physiological saline (0.9%) concentration. The second groups were taken the 10mg/kg for 28 days. Biopsy was taken from the animals to examine their tissue histopathologically, Results were seen in uterus form of degradation in Endometerium and bleeding .Deteriorate in epithelial tissue and infiltration in inflammatory cells .

The present work aimed to study the pathogenicity of Archanobacterium pyogenes by using one day old chicks and chicken Embryonated eggs .The chicks were given the bacteria(4.2x108 CFU/ml) by orally administration and intrapertoneal injection, while the Embryonated eggs inoculated into allontoic sac at 12 days of incubation. The chicks were show dullness, decrease in food intake and nervous sings, most chicks were died after 2-3 days, and the bacteria were re-isolated from internal organs, and yolk sac. The inoculation of Embryonated chicken eggs resulting in embryonicdeath, reduce hatchery percentage and deformity of embryo. The study showed that A. pyogenesisvirulence to both chicken Embryonated eggs and one day old chicks.

The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of clomiphene citrate on biochemical effects which may result from atrazine exposure. Thirty adult male rats were used, divided randomly and equally into control group, atrazine 50 mg /kg group ,atrazine (ATZ) 50 mg /kg and different doses of clomiphene citrate(CC) 0.5 mg / kg, 0.6 mg / kg and 0.7 mg / kg daily for 30 days. The results showed that serum biochemical affected negatively by atrazine exposure. The atrazine exposure caused a significant elevation in serum total cholesterol , triglycerides ,LDL-C , VLDL-C ,AST , ALT , and creatinine in addition to decrease HDL-C . The CC treatment( 0.6 and 0.7 mg / kg) seems to increase significantly HDL-C and reduced serum total cholesterol , triglyceride ,LDL-C and VLDL-C . Liver and kidney functions were improved by reducing serum AST , ALT and creatinine . The response to the dose of (0.5 mg / kg ) of CC was fluctuating between having positive impacts by reducing significantly the AST , ALT or being ineffective in all lipids profile and serum creatinine

The present study had thrown the light on the in vitro antimicrobial potential of the ethanolic extract of three local medicinal plants; Coriandrum sativum (Coriander), Vitis vinifera (Grape seeds), and Zingiber officinale (Ginger) against the growth of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk of some local cows infected with clinical mastitis. The antibacterial activity was carried out by using agar well diffusion technique in Mueller-Hinton agar. Four concentrations could be prepared from each plant extract, these concentrations were 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/ml.
The results were obtained by measured the zone of inhibition around the well that could be exhibited by each plant concentration that followed incubation of bacterial plates and expressed as mean±Standard error (SE). Ethanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum was possessed the strongest antibacterial effect among the tested plants, the results were: 29.44±1.17, 29.22±0.32, 27.77±0.99, and 26.11±1.27 mm at a concentration of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/ml respectively, Followed by Vitis vinifera extract which showed moderate values recorded as 20.88±0.77, 20.11±0.58, 18.22±0.36, and 20.88±0.35 mm at a concentration of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/ml respectively. The least antibacterial activity was exhibited by the extract of Zingiber officinale that produced the following inhibition zones; 15.11±0.80, 15.77±1.12, 17.66±0.33, and 17.55±0.44 mm at a concentration of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/ml respectively. On the other hand, S.aureus was variably susceptible to five of the used standard antibiotics; Lomefloxacin, Erythromycin, Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Rifampin. Means of their inhibitory zones were; 29.44±0.41,
23.22±0.46, 21.77±0.36, 19.88±0.42, and 11.11±0.26 mm respectively. Whereas Cefprozil showed no effect against the growth of the tested organism.

A first case was reported of cutaneous myiasis by old world screw worm Chrysomya bezziana in camels in Basra province south of Iraq in 2006. Camels were brought from Al-Zubair city and then to Basra marshes. Many larvae were isolated from injury in the knee and thigh region which exposed to stress during transportation. Larvae was sent to a laboratory which classified to belong Diptera- Chrysomya bezziana (OWS). The animal was treated by using ammonia 36% , iodine , and antibiotic as spray locally, after that the animal take a rest and the healing occur within three days of treatment. This case considers as the first case report of myiasis by chrysomyia bezziana in camel at Basra province south of Iraq.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the drenching ethanolic extract of Chamomile and licorice at a dose of (100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg ) respectively in treating gastric ulcer induced by aspirin in rabbits. The study included the effect of drenching the ethanolic extract of both plants on the gastric ulcer index ,gastric juice pH, and volume of gastric fluid as well as curative ratio. Results revealed that treatment with cemitidine and Chamomile or licorice or their combination was associated with significant(p<0.05) increase in pH values compared to the respective value of the untreated (positive) group. Chamomile or licorice was superior to that of cimetidinee and to combiation of the extracts. Groups treated with cemitidine and drenching of Chamomile or Licorice were associated with significant (p<0.05) reduction in the volume of gastric juice compared to positive and control groups, a group treated with a combination of extracts caused significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastric juice volume compared to positive group. A curative ratio of gastric ulcer was better in groups given chamomile or licorice over those given cemitidine or combination of chamomile and licorice. Furthermore, chamomile was superior over licorice in its curative ratios of gastric ulcer.
In view of above results we can conclude that a drenching ethanolic extract of Chamomile and licorice in the doses used in this study caused increased gastric ulcer healing compared with treatment by 200mg/kg of cimetidinee in treatment gastric induced by Aspirin in rabbits.

The aim of the present work is to study the skin eyelids of native cattle (ox) with special emphasis on the structures that constituted eyelids, detected types of carbohydrates present in these structures and to compare the results with other studied ruminant. Five pairs of eyelids of healthy local ox used for histological and histochemical study. The present works included four areas upper eyelids, lower eyelids , medial canthus and lateral canthus of each eyelid. Eyelids covered internally by palpebral conjunctiva with goblet cells and covered externally by the skin. There was a significant increase on thickness of epidermis and corneal layers of the lower eyelid areas. Dermis included tarsal plate (large amount of collagen fibers, moderate amount of elastic fibers) with many sections of orbicularis muscle and scattered bundle of Müllerś muscle. Eye lash follicle varies in extension and diameter, arranged in double or triple rows. The follicle of eyelashes devoid of arrector pili muscle. They were many types of glands accompanied eyelash follicle, *glands of Zeis (small sebaceous glands) that have a significant difference especially on lower eyelid areas ,** gland of moll; (apocrine sweat glands) that revealed a significant difference in their dimension between lateral canthus , upper eyelid and lower eyelid areas , these glands began near the basement membrane of the upper eyelids . There are modified multilobulated sebaceous glands; Tarsal glands or meibomian glands; that are well developed on the upper eyelids and near the surface of the skin in the same area. Each tarsal gland empty their secretion onto the surface of the eyelid through a duct lined with typical stratified squamous epithelium, ducts vary in extension, they were deeper in the upper eyelids than other studied areas. Histochemistry study revealed a moderate amount of carboxylated glycoprotein in ground substance of eyelids; eye
lashes follicle, tarsal gland and gland of moll, while goblet cells revealed strong reaction with carboxylated and neutral glycoproteins. Negative reaction for glycogen, sulphated glycoproteins , sulphated or carboxylated glycosaminoglycans in all studied areas.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the drenching ethanolic extract of Chamomile and licorice at a dose of (100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg ) respectively in treating gastric ulcer induced by aspirin in rabbits. The study included the effect of drenching the ethanolic extract of both plants on the gastric ulcer index ,gastric juice pH, and volume of gastric fluid as well as curative ratio. Results revealed that treatment with cemitidine and Chamomile or licorice or their combination was associated with significant(p<0.05) increase in pH values compared to the respective value of the untreated (positive) group. Chamomile or licorice was superior to that of cimetidinee and to combiation of the extracts. Groups treated with cemitidine and drenching of Chamomile or Licorice were associated with significant (p<0.05) reduction in the volume of gastric juice compared to positive and control groups, a group treated with a combination of extracts caused significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastric juice volume compared to positive group. A curative ratio of gastric ulcer was better in groups given chamomile or licorice over those given cemitidine or combination of chamomile and licorice. Furthermore, chamomile was superior over licorice in its curative ratios of gastric ulcer.
In view of above results we can conclude that a drenching ethanolic extract of Chamomile and licorice in the doses used in this study caused increased gastric ulcer healing compared with treatment by 200mg/kg of cimetidinee in treatment gastric induced by Aspirin in rabbits.

Two hundred samples (cow’s and goat’s milk75 for each,their farm soil 25and 25water samples )from different origin have been cultured on Ashdown selective agar which gave a higher percentage (36.5%)for B. pseudomallei isolation , 64% was observed in farm soil followed by water samples 48% than cow’s milk33.33% and finally the goat’s milk 26.66%. According to L-arabinose biotyping , 39.72% of the B.pseudomallei isolates were positive for arabinose (Arb+) and 60.3% of isolates were negative for arabinose (Arb-).The virulence testing revealed that most bacterial isolates yield haemolysin, protease, lipase and lecithenase in a percentage of 97.3% , 82.2%, 89.04% and 84.9% respectively.The Arb- biotypes were more virulent than Arb+ biotypes with significant differences (P< 0.05).All bacterial isolates were characterized by their ability to form capsule(100%),.This study confirmed the presence of casein proteolytic and necrotizing enzymes in the suspension of B.pseudomallei .Proteins concentration in this suspension was 0.00248 mg/ml .

This study was carried out for detection of Salmonella isolates from 309 different apparently healthy samples (97 fecal, 71 bile, 102 intestinal content, 18 livers and 21 spleen) collected from slaughtered sheep in a slaughterhouse in Basra during the period between September to November 2010. The results revealed that the incidence rate of salmonella isolates in fecal samples was 7.2 %, in bile samples 8.5 % and in intestinal content 9.8%.
While no isolations were obtained from the liver and spleen samples.
The total positive sample of salmonella isolates was 23 (7.4%).

This study was conducted on 74 Iraqi buffaloes suffered from retention of fetal membranes (RFM) after 8-12 hrs in Karbala province from 2010-2011, there were ranged from 3-7 years old. The affected animals were divided into four groups randomly according to the treatment regime .1st group (18 buffaloes) treated manually ,2nd group (22buffaloes) treated with oxytocin hormone 100 IU(10ml/IM) .While the 3rd group (21 buffaloes) was treated with a single dose of estrumate 750μg (3ml /IM) .The 4th group (13 buffaloes) was treated with a single dose of estradiol benzoate (15mg/IM) and all groups were treated with a single dose of oxytetracycline 20% (20ml/IM).The response for different treatment regimes were 100% ,77% ,76.19% and 76.92% for groups respectively. The manual removal treatment gives a superior significant difference (P<0.01) from other hormonal treatments and the second group recorded a better percentage of drops of fetal membranes compared with the 3rd and 4th group. The manually treated animals were superior to other group related to first postpartum estrus, the number of services per conception and the days open measurements. We concluded that the manual treatment still an important method of treatment, this fact depends on the reproductive parameters. Also we concluded that the hormonal treatment is a good method and gives appositive result reaches to 80% response.
INTRODUCTION

The present study was designed to investigate the cellular cytogenetic effect of lead poisoning and the therapeutic role of selenium and olive oil as an antioxidant in mouse bone marrow cells.
Twenty one female mice, 12 weeks old, and of 20–25 gram weight were used. The female mice which divided into seven groups each group consist of 3 female mice ,the control group: oral giving by 0.9 % normal saline (N.S) daily for 28 days. The treated groups A,B,C,D,E,F: received orally with 50 mg/kg BW lead acetate, 50 mg/kg of lead acetates + o.5 mg/kg of selenium, 50 mg/kg of lead acetates +0.2 CC of olive oil, 100 mg/kg of lead acetates, 100 mg/kg of lead acetates+ o.5 mg/kg of selenium, 100 mg/kg of lead acetates+0.2 CC of olive oil daily for28 days respectively,
The administration of different doses of lead acetate caused a significant increase (P <0.05) in number of chromosomal aberration in mouse bone marrow (ring chromosome, fragment, centric fusions and centromeric attenuation )the high dose caused more increase in number of chromosomal aberration in at 28 days especially ring form.
The treatment with antioxidants selenium (0.5mg/kg.B.W) and olive oil (0.2cc) caused decreased chromosomal aberration number.
Also, the results showed that lead acetate caused a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the mitotic index parameter whereas the treatment with antioxidant caused an increase number of mitotic index in mouse bone marrow cells during 28 days.