Kufa Journal of Arts

Abstract:This research is based on analyzing the speeches that Satan launched in the context of his conversation with the Prophet Adam (PBUH) and directed it from it, and aims to dismantle the structures of speeches to the constituents of them to reveal the secrets of these expressions, despite the few said that they have found a benefit, it was characterized by this speech that it was From a jinn to human beings, not like the rest of the prophets, it is human speech to humans, this is another specificity.

The letters of meanings were originally given meanings, and these letters had the right to be expressed with verbs such as interrogation, negation, prohibition, command, emphasis, simile and other letters, and it was called that: because its function is to convey the meanings of verbs to nouns, and these letters were singled out in an important capacity, and they are letters whose function does not appear and their meanings only become clear. Through the structure, these letters carry the function of the style and the organized sentence in it, and this study consists in highlighting the grammatical issues, including the issue of letters of meaning, according to Mr. Al-Sadr in his interpretation through its five parts. The study necessitated the descriptive-analytical approach, the purpose of which is to collect some grammatical issues that Al-Sadr mentions and discusses and to show how to return them to their origins, to stand on their topics, and to analyze and comment on some models, without inclination to any party, except what is consistent with what is required by the required meaning, and the study tries to show How to use the grammatical prepositions in Mennat al-Manan, and their effect in directing the meaning, and the study ended with a number of results, which we briefly mention: The large number of theses was a reason behind employing Grammatical issues in Mennat al-Mannan's book, and that he gives importance to the meaning for its appropriateness to the context, rather than the grammatical rules.

stract:The phenomenon of conflict is one of the most dynamic and dynamic phenomena in influencing modern international politics, especially after the radical transformations that followed the end of the Cold War, which were reflected in the nature and content of international conflicts, and after the decline of military and ideological factors and the escalation of economic and cultural factors in international relations, as the research deals with exploration and analysis The content of the theories that tried to explain the nature of international conflicts and their management and dealing with the most important means and mechanisms of those conflicts, and despite the importance of cultural factors as a driver of contemporary international conflicts, but the strategic factors associated with power and national interests remain strongly present in most conflicts, and cultural factors are resorted to in many Sometimes to cover up the prevailing power politics and its consequences in the contemporary world. Different theories of international conflicts give different answers to the main questions: Q1/ What do wars and conflicts mean Q2/ Why do wars and conflicts occur Q3/How do wars and conflicts occur The research provides a descriptive and key review of the most important theoretical discussions in terms of assumptions, implications, and limitations, which have evolved significantly since the end of the Cold War until today. We need to know and study the most important concepts and foundations of conflict and study conflict phenomena in the world, and proxy conflicts that are the main feature of most of the current conflicts, which are still ongoing, in addition to knowing the anthropological perspective on the various conflicts in the world to know the causes and nature of conflicts and their development

The city of Coimbra is located in the northern part of the current country of Portugal, and within the western part of Andalusia, known as the Lower Al-Thaqar ,It is close to the Atlantic Ocean, and two of the largest rivers of the Iberian Peninsula, the Taj and Douira rivers, flow near it. The Muslims conquered it in the year 95 AH / 713 AD in the time of Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa ibn Nusayr, and most of its Muslim residents are Berbers. Because of its border location, the Islamic and Christian sides exchanged victory and defeat over it for more than three and a half centuries until its final fall at the hands of the Spanish Christians in the year 456 AH/1063 AD. The article required dividing it into two sections, the first shedding light on the geography of the historical city in terms of location and natural resources, while the second topic dealt with the political and military history of the city throughout the above era.

The Venue involves the object and accept it. It is an important element in narration. Marginal venues were dominating notably in the novel of ‘rashness of probabilities’. They were varied in a narrative manner. Almost all venues came by their names. The research falls into a theoretical preface in which the importance of venue in the novel in particular was explored, and two sections: the first dealt with marginal venues and their connections and/or disconnections. The second section dealt with types of marginal venues (oppression, remoteness, disfigured, threshold, ...) . The research ended up with the most important conclusions arrived at.

The French Orientalist School is one of the highlight Orientalist schools that dealt with the Arab and Islamic heritage in a great and serious manner. Alfred Bell (1873-1945 AD) He is one of the Orientalists who devoted their work to the study of North African history His scientific activity is twelve books and dozens of articles during his time in this region, beginning with his youth, when literature occupied his research path, all the way to the history of North Africa in all its details, which he titled. The Islamic sects in North Africa since the Arab conquest until today, it is one of the most important studies presented, especially orientalism, on the religious history of North Africa, and in it he appears as a historian of the Islamic religion in North Africa. The history of Islam and Islamic doctrines in general in North Africa, the history of the Al-moravid state and the Al-mohad state had a large space in the topics that we will address in our research. In light of the material included in the book regarding the Al-moravid and Al-mohad states, the research was divided under the title “Representations of the Al-moravid Al-mohad conflict by Alfred Bell” into two axes, the first topic dealing with the emergence of the Al-moravid and Al-mohad states. The Unitarians and the circumstances that contributed to their rise.

Grammarians have been describing the grammatical phenomena in their works, using terms that describe those phenomena, and reveal its important, and what each one distinguishes from the other. Their use was not limited to one description, but rather, they use the description according to their need for clarification. As for the term "abstractions", grammarians used it a lot, they described many chapters of grammar by it. They have used this description by its various forms; as (abstracted), (abstracted), (abstract) and so on. We have looked closely at the abstraction of words from one another, it turns out that there is an effect behind every abstraction that occurred in speech. I have spotted a bunch of these effects, so, I stopped at them to show their importance. Then I divided the research into two parts: The first part: The abstracting in the grammarians' works showing abstraction in language and terminology, then, the similar meanings. I clarified the link between abstraction and taking the evidence off, and I revealed the word of abstraction in the works of grammarians. The second part: The effect of abstraction to direct a speech evidence, I clarified the importance of abstraction on the speech directing . Finally, I concluded the research with a conclusion including the most important results.

This research studies the function of sounds in Surat Al-Fath because that phonemic study is the cornerstone of every language. No language can advance without this study. Buildings and structures are based on acoustic formations. Physiology of linguistic sounds studies the human voice in the structure of speech, and it has a major role in morphological, grammatical and semantic studies, and therefore the linguistic analysis of any language in the world depends on phonemic analysis, but rather it cannot be dispensed with. The context of speech, which is why many linguists called it (phonology); Because he studies the phonemic systems of a particular language, in terms of the values of these sounds and their meanings, their phonemic laws, and their functions in the phonemic structure, then he organizes the phonemic material and subject it to stricture and organization. This study is an attempt to reveal the function performed by the linguistic sound within the phonemic units, as these units form a group whose parts are linked to form relationships that do not appear to the naked eye, but are perceived by the mind, and these relationships arise from the juxtaposition of sounds and their locations within each building

The crime of theft is one of the oldest human crimes that confronted the politically, economically and socially tense and raging societies, and Andalusia is one of those societies, which was not without political chaos and the accompanying economic deterioration. And its continuation, especially since some thieves in Andalusia targeted those governments that they see as depriving them of their rights, and the continuation and aggravation of this crime as long as the rule of the successive authorities was not at the level that meets the needs and aspirations of their peoples.

Since its establishment in 1923, Turkish foreign policy has achieved a set of goals: the most important of which is to gain Western support for Turkey by highlighting Turkey's strategic importance to the Western world, and in order to become one of the influential regional powers in the regional and international environment, leading to full integration with the European continent. Since the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War, the importance of Turkey to the two parties to the conflict has emerged, as Turkey's main goal was to align with the United States of America, and the situation in turn affected the definition of the features of Turkey's foreign policy for the next stages, especially its policy towards Europe, as the policy was primarily linked to the self-potential In addition to the American external support that Turkey tried to invest in order to speed up its accession to the Western institution, however, it was unable to join these institutions as a result of its internal crises and the transformation of the global system from a bipolar system to a unipolar one.

seems that the dominant creative authority of the criticism domain is the male literature.But the actual reading of the literature field has abandoned that domination moving to the feminine appearance that has proved its existence in literary and social construction as well., especially with the presence of conscious receiver who has realized the aesthetical and artistical speech created by the woman away from the dominant authority of the body.But starting from the excellence of the given literary text, and this what the research tries to reveal through presenting feminine literary readings of male literature represented in Abdul-Rahman Munif, particularly in his novel 'The Cities of Abstrac .

This research aims to demonstrate the effect of strategic vigilance in the strategy of the most beautiful spot for the opinions of a sample of department heads, division officials and units in the faculties of (Basic Education, Education for Girls, College of Mixed Education). The sample subject to analysis reached (70) For the purpose of data collection, the research relied on the questionnaire as a main tool, which was prepared in the light of approved standards with high credibility and reliability and within a well-tested environment After emptying the form from the data, it was subjected to statistical analysis using The Spss v.25 statistical program as the simple correlation coefficient and effect and in the light of the outputs of the statistical analysis The results showed a statistically significant relationship between the research. variables.

This study sheds light on the general rules governing the poetry of the poet Bader Shaker Al-Siyab in his poem (Gharib al-Khaleej), by stressing on its musical aspects, and the structural structures; The poet used the syntactic level of sentences (nominal and vabal) in line with the contexts of psychological vision unfolding poetism of the poem.The research concluded that poetry is science itself reflected in creative texts through an unusual language that goes begond expectation of the recipient.

The research aimed to determine the impact of climatic elements represented by (solar radiation, temperatures, wind, relative humidity and rain on beekeeping and to identify some diseases that affect an insect Bees are parasites of Varroa and wax worms in Al Mashkhab district. The research also aimed to identify some of the enemies of beekeeping in the study area represented by the red wasp, birds and ants, which was negatively reflected in the reality of their breeding in the study area. The research also relied on climatic data for a micro-climatic period for the period (2013 to 2021) The data represented in the number of beekeepers and a number of hives for the same period

Abstract:The study aimed to and study the religious and political dimensions of the Zionist presence in Iraq, and to clarify the extent to which the Zionist political thought was adopted and its roots based on myths and sermons in defense of the Zionist presence in Iraq through the support of the Zionist gangs in Iraq through some financial institutions that played a major role in the continuity of these organizations their financial and moral support and their promotion by giving them the character of self defense so it justified their defense by controlling and storing some weapons that were in the possession of the Zionists and through contact with western parties to implement the Zionist scheme that they were looking for through the displacement of the Jews and the use of various means whether through inducement or intimidation.

Abstract:Mental processes in general have their own characteristics. However, analytical thinking is distinctively significant, sophisticated, complex, and capable of scrutinizing phenomena, attitudes, and problems and gain explanation for them. This makes it capable of objectively addressing problems, making decisions, processing information and knowledge, and dealing with new experiences with more accuracy, comprehensiveness and symbolism. Analytical thinking is defined as the ability of the individual to face problems prudently and pay attention to details before making any decision, by deconstructing the problem in a systematically, collecting the largest possible amount of information about it, and clarifying its ambiguous issues to be able to find intellectual conclusions via realistic facts. The current study aims at the following: ١ ( Measuring students’ analytical thinking at the Department of English, College of Education of the University of Kufa. ٢ ( Statistically identifying significant differences in analytical thinking among these students according to the variables of gender and specialization. The researcher used Gregory Scale (1988) of analytical thinking. After fulfilling the scale requirements of validity and consistency, its final form was applied to (20) male students and (20) female students selected randomly through the equally stratified method. After processing the data statistically by using one sample t-test and the two independent sample t-test. The results showed that the students of the Department of English are have analytical thinking and there are no differences concerning the gender variable. The researcher concludes, and recommends the following :- ١ . Holding seminars at the university, and providing special educating programs in analytical thinking, and adding simulative material to the curricula . ٢ . Conducting a similar study on middle school students, and studying the effect of drug consumption on analytical thinking as an experimental study.

This study aims to address the phenomenon of illegal immigration and authorized, and deals with the Syrian crisis by the European Commission and other organizations that address this immigration and try to find radical solutions to it, and address European strategies towards these crises that occur in the Middle East and at all levels and political, economic, social and cultural fields And everything related to the factors of expulsion and attraction for migrant individuals and leaving them to the country of origin, as well as the reasons and repercussions of the immigrant crisis over the European Union, and what are the steps followed by the European Union to avoid this illegal immigration.

When we study Surat Yusuf, we find a huge amount of artistic displacement with its multiple levels, especially the morphological one, which played a technical role and carried a secondary connotation, most notably: denial of nouns, using the imperative verb instead of the present, or using the infinitive instead of the verb, and transgression in the use of pronouns by using some of them instead of others, as well as emphasizing Actions. All of these phenomena revealed some of the characteristics of the characters of the surah, so we see the character of Jacob, and he was overcome by sadness and anxiety, and he remained vacillating between anxiety, fear, hope, and belief in God’s destiny and the personality of Joseph’s brothers and their intense hatred for Joseph (peace be upon him) and their relentless pursuit of their father’s love and his personality. Semitic for his father and God Almighty's support for him.

great importance in knowing the extent of their spread, and in the process of limiting their impact, kidney diseases occupied a large rank in the number of patients with them and rates of infection as a result of many factors, and the research has proven through its course that kidney diseases vary spatially from one region to another and from a period of time. This is due to the variation in the causes of injury, the geographical environment, the variation in the urbanization rate and the extent of the concentration of polluting industries in the research area. The research proved that it dealt with eight diseases, namely (acute and rapidly progressing nephritis, other glomerular diseases, tubular interstitial nephritis, kidney failure or kidney failure, lithiasis). Urinary, renal colic, cystitis, other diseases of the urinary system) and for the period from (2016 - 2020 AD) at the level of the administrative units of Najaf Governorate, there is a spatial and temporal variation in the incidence of kidney diseases in Najaf Governorate 0

In this research, the pagan and heavenly religions of the Mongols and the language’s position on (historical study) were discussed to show the role of the existing religions in the Mongol society. They were also distinguished by religious tolerance and not imposing their religion on a particular tribe where there was more than one religion. One explanation: Genghis Khan was not accused of a particular religion. He always released freedom and tolerance in religions.

What constitutes the investigations by Dr. Fadel al-Samarrai grammatical meanings as in his book It sheds this search light on what constitutes him in grammar investigation when Dr. Fadel al-Samarrai in his book (the meanings as), examines home grammar when former grammarians to know their opinions, and then limp to the opinion of Dr. Fadel al-Samarrai in grammatical issue mentions his point of view to the achievement of that issue, a stand the true face of her in his mind, then addresses Find opinion in the matter, Dr. discussion and scrutiny and ends to detect the problem, abideth inaccuracy opinion either because they are located or the lack of Jeddah in the opinion, that the issue for what they are and do not need an investigation.

Metaphor is a concept that connects two distant domains or concepts and helps with the recognition of a subjective concept from an objective and tangible one. It is one of the cognitive mechanisms of the cognitive semantics which plays a role in the organization of the human mind and perception of abstract concepts . The current study is aimed to discover the conceptualizations made in a precious work named ‘Nahj al-Balaghah.’ To do so, with the cognitive approach and utilization of the theory of conceptual metaphor, investigated the conceptual metaphors of the world conceptulized based on comestibles, so that the role of this cognitive mechanism in conceptualization and perception of the abstract concept of the world in Amir Al-Momeneen Ali’s discourse (PBUH) would be revealed . The most important results of the current study are: Analysis introduce new dimensions of Alavi’s discourse in Nahj al-Balaghah, and indicate that conceptual metaphor plays an important role in the conceptualization of the world in Nahj al-Balagha; without it, structuring of the concept of the world is very difficult. In this conceptualization, diversity of the source domains (Comestibles) in Alavi’s discourse conveys the extensiveness of the target domain aspects on the one hand and, on the other hand, indicates the mastery of Imam Ali (PBUH) in all these aspects and his mastery in forming them . Key words : Conceptual metaphor , world , Nahj al-Balaghah , source domain , target domain .

My Sister’s Keeper (2004) by Picoult is a story about how a family, as an institution, may sometimes be extremely injurious to the kids, both physically and psychologically. My Sister’s Keeper relates a story about a sick girl whose illness affects the entire family dynamics. By applying Murdock’s social account of family to this novel and investigating the functions of the family, namely sexual, reproductive, educational, and economic, this study investigated family relations and functions and developed the argument by discussing the potential reasons for their problems. The characters were analyzed based on their roles and functions in the family, as well as their interactions with each other. In addition, the conflicts the family faces due to family dysfunction have been discussed. The results of the study show that members of a family often develop associations and interactions which occasionally can even get ferocious and hurt some of the members. Picoult’s portrayal of a young girl’s suffering from leukemia can be traced back to her intention to depict the various challenges and conflicts which influence her whole family. For Anna and Jesse as Kate’s siblings, the challenges can be also traumatic because they often go through fluctuations in their lives. The family’s role in dealing with the manifold causes of trauma and insecurity which is linked to Kate’s illness and her treatment has affected her quality of life.

The current study tries to approach and analyse racism from apragma-discoursal perspective. Accordingly the present work seeks to actualize certain aims, the most important of which are:

1- Identifying the pragma-discoursal devices study of racism. 2- Determining the major pragma-discoursal devices that are utilized for launching, maintaining and terminating racist discourse. 3- Scrutinizing the pragma-discoursal strategies that are employed by racists to actualize their aims. 4- Investigating the commonest pragma-discourses devices and strategies that are utilized in ten English and Arabic selected Media texts under analysis. 5- Comparing the differences between ten selected English and Arabic media texts under analysis in terms of the different pragma-discoursal strategies exploited in these texts. 6- Developing the eclectic model for the analysis of the racist discourses of the English and Arabic selected texts.

The following procedures are adopted to achieve the aims of this work and test its hypotheses : 1- Surveying briefly the relevant literature on the two fields of this study, pragmatics and discourse analysis in terms of the racist discourse in some selected English and Arabic media texts. 2- Conducting a comparison between the English and Arabic media texts under study. 3- Employing an eclectic model that is developed in the present study to analyze and scrutinize the selected texts. 4- Calculating the data of the study by means of certain statistical analytic means.

To realize the aforementioned aims, the hypotheses are tested :

1The findings of this study aid the hypotheses that are suggested for the pragma-discoursal structure of racism, and mostly utilized in the launching ,maintaining and terminating stages of the racist discourse.

One of the emerging issues of Islamic jurisprudence is "gender reassignment." In addition to transforming a person's gender, this changes the persons legal status. The purpose of this research, is initially to summarize the history of this issue in Shiite jurisprudence, explaining the view of the Torah, the Bible and the Holy Quran as well as an overview of gender reassignment types. Subsequently to clearly explain the view of Imam Khomeini in its various dimensions, including: the permissibility of gender reassignment, the effect of gender reassignment on marriage, alimony, dowry, custody of children, family titles and inheritance. The research method is to refer to Imam Khomeini's fatwa’s on this topic in his book Tahrir al-Wasilah. As a research finding, it should be said: According to Imam Khomeini, gender reassignment is permissible, but it will cause the annulment of a previous marriage and changed family titles. Additionally, the share of the transgender person's inheritance will be based on the new gender. The research method is field-study as well as descriptive and analytical. To understand the subject of sex change, transgender, and intersex people, fieldwork was required. In order to understand Imam Khomeini’s point of view descriptive and analytical methods has been applied.

The current study focuses on the concept of greeting, which can be viewed as a sociolinguistic as well as a pragmatic phenomenon. The goal of this research is to see how similar and different this method is in Arabic and English. It is hypothesized that Arabic greeting expressions are more informative than that in English. Furthermore, the researchers attempt to provide adequate background knowledge for those who are interested in this domain. It has been observed that Arabic greeting expressions carry a lot of meanings.

One of the most important discussion in philosophy and laws is human domination/lack of domination on himself/herself. In other words, does/doesn’t human enjoy the right of intervening his/her organs in any way? If such right exists, what is the basis of such interference? There are two main insights in this regard. Those ones who have accepted human domination on himself in an absolute manner since their insight is based on material worldview and consider human reality by his/her vegetative and animal facets and do not consider human’s spiritual aspect. In contrary, those ones who have not absolutely accepted human domination on himself/herself and believe that in addition to material aspect, human has a spiritual facet and human’s reality is related to his/her humanity rather than his/her body and, on this basis, Islamic laws obtained from revelation are forged. If suicide is haram (forbidden), it is due its contradiction to humanity and human benevolence.

The present paper is a qualitative translation assessment of euphemism in the Holy Quran. The assessment included four world-famous translators; A. J. Arberry, M. Abdelhaleem, Mohammed Pickthal, Mohammad Khan and Taqi Al- Hilali. The study aims to explore the techniques used by translators to deal with translating euphemisms in the Holy Quran. In consistence with the problem and questions of research, the researchers adopt a descriptive qualitative method with exegetic text-based analysis. The study reveals that there are several factors that complicate translating euphemisms of the Quran, including the sensitivity of Quranic text, and temporal distance and structural differences between the classical Arabic and modern English. In light of Olimat (2018)’s model adopted in the current study, the translators use different strategies to render the meanings of euphemisms such as literal translation, non-euphemistic translation, and sense-for-sense translation. The translations in some cases failed to achieve a dynamic equivalence to the source text.

The research discussed the new exhibition at the Archaeological Museum of Bologna, which was closed for 18 months due to maintenance work on the roof of the building. Despite the ongoing maintenance works. The exhibition was opened on the first floor after it was finished. The temporary exhibition was called “ The Archaeological Museum of Bologna and the Temporary Exhibition “ Family Portraits “ a Museum Facing Its Own History”, which was opened on February 19, 2018. This exhibition shows the personalities and collections the donated. Which influenced the history of Bologna city and established its archaeological museum.

The staff of exhibition used special character methods, even if they were simple, but have their own art,. Which added fan and ease to the visitors, so the visitors acquaint not confine limit with the archaeological collections, but also on the photographs and history of important figures in the history of city and the country, each of them place with artifacts collection that donated to the museum, which was initially founded be collections donated by group of people. So the exhibition immortalizes these figures and presented the history of the Archaeological Museum of Bologna. The exhibition was not limited to persons with part of its collections, but the staff of museum also to divide the halls according to historical times. They gave each age a certain color, to be easy for visitor to know in any historical era look.

The issue of leadership has been considered by communities for a very long time. All communities need a leader to prevent chaos through regular planning so people can go about their daily business without struggle. A leadership above all exists, called jihadi leadership uses scientific tools and technology in line with the divine’s will to lead a community. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the conceptual model of jihadi leadership in Islamic propositions. Findings of the research show that the jihadi leadership model includes five components: principles, knowledge, value, model and symbols.