Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of anemia among students (males and females) of the Technical and Medical Institute/ Al-Mansoor, Baghdad. 135 students aged 20 -22 years were subjected. Twenty-one students were found to be anemic. The prevalence of anemia among students was 15.55%, with no significant difference to sex. Then, the anemic students were treated with tablets of ferrous sulfate twice daily for 60 days. The treatment markedly elevated the hemoglobin concentration of both males and females and decreased the prevalence of anemia from 15.55% to 5.92%. The decrease in prevalence of anemia tended to be higher in anemic females as than anemic males (15.51% and 15.58% before treatment and 3.44% and 7.79% after treatment, respectively). So, treatment with ferrous sulfate tablets can effectively, reduce the prevalence of anemia among students and may reduce the complications of anemia among students.

The cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of Crude extracts of Bidens tripartita , Panex ginseng , Ceylon cinnamon and Citrullus colocynthis on mice mammary adenocarcinoma cell line were studied . The concentration used were 125 , 250, 500, 1000 Microgram/militer . The exracts were prepared by using hot water method . The preliminary chemical tests revealed acidic pH of all extracts. The time of exposure used were 24, 48 and 72 hrs.The results showed a clear toxic effect of all extracts depending on the time of exposure and the dose . The Ceylon cinnamon had the highest effect on adenocarcinoma 87.33% , followed by Bidens tripartita 86.79%, Citrullus colocynthis 74.39% and the lowest effect was by Panex ginseng extract 70.71%.

Smoking has multiple effects on sex hormone , some of which are associated with important clinical implication .The present study was undertaken to investigate the biochemical changes of sex hormones associated with long standing cigarette smoking in 40 heavy smokers comparing with non- smoker and to correlate it with BMI for each .The sex hormones levels were determined by RIA technique . Atomic absorption technique was used to measure the zinc levels.
The serum testosterone and estrogen levels of non – smoker group were 17.775ngml and 38.65ngml at p< 0.05, respectively .While the serum testosterone and estrogen levels of smoker group were 17.615ngml and 39.65ngml at p<0.05, respectively .The zinc levels of smokers and non- smokers group were 92 µg/dl and 105.5 µg/dl at p< 0.05, respectively. The BMI of smokers and non- smokers were 20.273 and 23.66 at p<0.01, respectively, which were highly significant.

أجريت تجربة بايولوجية لدراسة تأثير تراكيز مختلفة من حامض الجبرلين وسماد اليوريا وتداخلهما في بعض صفات النمو الخضري لنبات الحلبة / صنف هندي (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Fenugreek في البيت الزجاجي التابع لقسم علوم الحياة /كلية التربية إبن الهيثم /جامعة بغداد لموسم النمو 2009-2008 وفي أصص سعة (5) كغم تربة لكل أصيص وإستعملت أربعة تراكيز من حامض الجبرلين وهي (0،25،50،100) جزء بالمليون وتم رشها بعد إكتمال الورقة الرابعة للنبات.كذلك إستعملت ثلاثة مستويات من سماد اليوريا وهي (0.25،0.50،1.00) غم/أصيص أُضيفت على دفعتين الأولى قبل الزراعة والثانية بعد (45) يوما من الزراعة. نفذت التجربة على وفق التصميم العشوائي الكامل (CRD) وبثلاثة مكررات بحيث تضمنت التجربة (36) أصيصاً.
وأظهرت النتائج أن تركيزي (25،50) جزء بالمليون من حامض الجبرلين والمستويين (0.50،1.00) غم /أصيص من سماد اليوريا قد أدت إلى زيادة معنوية في صفتي إرتفاع النبات والوزن الجاف لنبات الحلبة بينما أعطى تركيز حامض الجبرلين (25) جزء بالمليون والمستويين (0.50،1.00) غم يوريا /أصيص زيادة معنوية في صفات معدل النمو المطلق، معدل النسبي وعدد الأفرع / نبات.

This study was done to investigate the antibacterial effect of the three types of Lawsonia inermis linn (henna) leaf extracts (water, methanol and chloroform) in different concentrations (40, 80, 120) mg/ml against four strains of bacteria (Staphyllococus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonos aerogenosa and Eschorichia coli) in vitro using ager well diffusion method.
Water extract showed the highest antibacterial activity, followed by methanol extract, while the chloroform extract showed the lowest activity. The maximum inhibition zone of water extract was observed against , Pseudomonos aerogenosa (25mm) in the concentration (120) mg/ml, while the minimum zone of inhibition (9mm) was in Bacillus subtilis in the same concentration.
The growth of all bacteria was inhibited by varying degrees with the increase of the extract's concentrations. These results confirm the antibacterial activity of henna leaves and support the traditional use of the plant in therapy of bacterial infections.

أجريت هذه الدراسة في بستان عنب في منطقة الصويرة التابعة لمحافظة واسط لدراسة تأثير الرش بالبوراكس في صفات العنقود والحبات للعنب صنف بلاك مونكا اذ استعمل البوراكس مصدراً للبورون والذي استعمل بتراكيز )صفر و 0.1 و 0.2 و 0.3 و 0.4 و 0.5 غم/ لتر(. ولتقليل الشد السطحي لجزيئات الماء وزيادة امتصاص المواد من الأوراق استعمال مسحوق الغسيل (تايد) بتركيز 0.05 غم/ لتر مع البوراكس لإحداث الرغوة وتم الرش بموعدين الأول قبل تفتح الأزهار والاخر بعد العقد.
بينت النتائج إن الرش بالبورون سبب زيادة وزن وحجم الحبات معنوياً وزيادة وزن العنقود وطوله وقطره , وعدد الحبات في العنقود فضلاً عن زيادة نسبة المواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية وقلة نسبة الحموضة وكذلك زيادة عدد البذور بالحبة ووزن البذور )100 بذرة( وكانت المعاملة 0.5غم/ لتر قد أظهرت تأثيراً معنوياً في كل الخصائص المدروسة. استخدم تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة وكان عدد الكرمات الكلية المستعملة في الدراسة 18 كرمة اذ مثلت كل كرمة وحدة تجريبية واحدة، وبثلاثة مكررات ) أي ثلاثة كرمات لكل معاملة( وحللت النتائج احصائياً وحسب طريقة [4] باستخدام اقل فرق معنوي LSD عند مستوى معنوي 0.05 للمقارنة بين المتوسطات.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti mitotic activity of ether extract prepared from Datura stramoium plant on cancer cells.
Recently oncology studies are directed toward substances which act somehow to induce apoptosis or to prevent abnormal dividing of cell, that may provide therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer. Thus, many research on various types of plants such as fruits, vegetables, other editable plants and toxic plants have been done in vitro and in vivo. But, few studies on Datura plant were occurred and there was no previous study dealing with its effect on proliferative activity of cancer cells.
In current study, two types of common malignant tumor were tested in vitro. These were mammary cancer and glioma. The cancer cells were exposed to various concentration of ether extract of Datura stramoium 1000, 1250, 1500 g/ml. Then percentage of mitotic indexes were estimated.
The results exhibited that there were decreases in percentages of mitotic index in both types of cancer cells. However, the decrement was significant in the mammary cancer and insignificant in glioma cell line.

The present paper analyzes the signal emitting from the Reticle during changing the spot size of laser falling on the disk and shows the optimum frequency and the amount of energy window in different patterns of modulator (Reticle).
All results are obtained by establishing a special program named “Disk optical modulator version 3" using the language visual basic 6 ahich contains many parameters. All models of optical modulator consist of twenty sectors, ten sectors are opaque and other ten sectors are transmitted for the laser. The number of sectors depends on several factors as chopping frequency, power transparent and modulation transfer function.
It has been demonstrated by simulations, the optimal value of modulation transfer function is achieved when spot size of laser 0.3 mm and any increasing in spot size lead to decrease in MTF value.

جمعت 450 عينة ادرار من مرضى يعانون من التهابات المجاري البولية من مستشفى آزادي العام في كركوك للمدة من تشرين الاول (2007) والى غاية آذار (2008) .
اظهرت نتائج الزرع البكتريولوجي الاولي باستخدام وسطي اكار الدم والمكونكي ظهور زرع موجب في (168) عينة من مجموع (450) عينة بنسبة (37.3 %) زرع موجب ، ومن خلال التشخيص المورفولوجي والكيموحيوي تم الحصول على انواع عديدة من العــــــــزلات البكتيرية ، شكلت بكتريا Escherichia coli النسبة االكبرى للعزل بواقع (100) عزلة من المجموع الكلي للعزلات البكتيرية والبالغ (190) عزلة وبنسبة (52.63 %) .توزعت الـ (100) عزلة بين (77 ) من الاناث و (23) من الذكور .
اختبرت حساسية عزلات بكتريا E.coli المئة اتجاه (13) نوعاً من المضادات الجرثومية المستعملة في علاج التهابات المجاري البولية ، وقد وجد ان هنالك تفاوتاً في نسبة حساسيتها لهذه المضادات . أظهرت النتائج ان العقار المطهر للمجاري البولية Nitrofurantoin هو الاكثر تاثيراً في بكتريا , E.coli أذ بلغت نسبة المقاومة له (14 %) ،فيما اظهرت عزلات بكتريا E.coli مقاومة عالية لباقي المضادات : sulphamethoxazole (100 %) ،Ampicillin (99 %) ،Cephalexin (62 %) ، Agumentin (58 %) ، Nalidixic acid (54 %) ، Trimethoprim(52 %) ، Piperacillin (45 %) ، Ceftriaxone (40 %) ، Lomefloxacin(39 %) ،Cefotaxime(39 %) ،Ciprofloxacin (37 %) ،Co-trimxazole(37 %) .
درست التراكيز المثبطة الدنيا MIC لمضادي CiprofloxacinوLomefloxacin واظهرت النتائج ارتفاع في قيم MIC اذ أعطت ثمان عزلات من بكتريا E.coli قيمة ( µg/ml<400) من مضاد Ciprofloxacin وبنسبة (19.5%) في حين كانت خمس عزلات من بكتريا E.coli بقيم MIC ( µg/ml<400) وبنسبة(11.6 %) لمضاد Lomefloxacin.

مجلة ابن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة والتطبيقية المجلد24 (2) 2011
درست قابلية عزلات بكتريا E.coli ,على انتاج انزيمات البيتالاكتاميز المحدودة بطريقة الأنابيب الشعرية واظهرت النتيجة ان (61 %) من العزلات كانت موجبة الفحص عندما تغير لون الدليل الفينول الاحمر من اللون الاحمر الى الاصفر خلال (15) دقيقة .عند استخدام طريقة الاقراص المتاخمة للتحري عن انتاج انزيمات البيتالاكتاميز واسعة الطيف وجد ان نسبة العزلات المنتجة لها قد بلغت (18 %) عندما اعطت (11) عزلة من اصل (61) عزلة نتيجة موجبة ،وقد ابدت تسع عزلات منتجة لانزيمات البيتالاكتاميز واسعة الطيف مقاومتها لمضادات مجموعة الكوينولينات ( Naldixic acidو Ciprofloxacin و Lomefloxacin) وبنسبة(%72.7 ) .

Mercury-lead-antimony based superconductors with the formula Hg0.5 Pb0.5-xSbxBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ (x=0, 0.10 and 0.15) have been prepared by useing three step solid state reaction processes. Electrical resistivity, using four probe technique, is used to find the transition temperature Tc. It is found from that sample Hg0.5 Pb0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3O8.437 is semiconductor , sample Hg0.5 Pb0.4Sb0.1Ba2Ca2Cu3O8.353 is normal state with metallic behaviors, while sample Hg0.5 Pb0.35Sb0.15Ba2Ca2Cu3O8.233 is superconducting state with critical transition temperature (Tc) is 126K. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a tetragonal structure with decrease in the c-axis lattice constant for the samples doped with Sb as compared with these which have no Sb content. It was found that the increase of the Sb concentrations of all our samples produce an increase of the volume fraction (Vphase) and decrease c/a and Mass density ρM .

In the last decade, the web has rapidly become an attractive platform, and an indispensable part of our lives. Unfortunately, as our dependency on the web increases so programmers focus more on functionality and appearance than security, has resulted in the interest of attackers in exploiting serious security problems that target web applications and web-based information systems e.g. through an SQL injection attack.
SQL injection in simple terms, is the process of passing SQL code into interactive web applications that employ database services such applications accept user input such as form and then include this input in database requests, typically SQL statements in a way that was not intended or anticipated by the application developer that attempts to subvert the relationship between a webpage and its supporting database, in order to trick the database into executing malicious code due to the poor design of the application.
The proposed system is based on protection website at run time, before inclusion of user input with database by validating, encoding, filtering the content, escaping single quotes, limiting the input character length, and filtering the exception messages. The proposed solution is effectiveness and scalability in addition it is easily adopted by application programmers. For empirical analysis, we provide a case study of our solution and implement in Html, PHP, MySql , Apache Server and Jmeter application.

In this research,we are studied impact strength, bending and compression strength of composites including the epoxy resin as a matrix , with gawaian red wood flour ,Russian white wood flour ,glass powder and rock wool fibers as reinforcement materials with volume fraction (20%) for all samples,and compared them in different conditions of temperatures.
The results have shown that the impact strength increased with the reinforcement with (particles and fibers),and at high temperatures for all samples prepared,and also observed an increase in elasticity coefficient of epoxy composites filled with (different particles) and decreased in elasticity coefficient of epoxy composites filled with (particles and fibers) , on the other hand the elasticity coefficient of all the samples prepared decreased at high temperatures,and increased in compression strength of all samples at room temperature ,but at high temperatures compression strength of all samples decreased.

لقد بنيت منظومة العمل التي تتألف من صندوق مظلم ذي أبعاد (cm cm 74 cm 120 61) عندما تكون المسافة بين الصورة الاختبارية ومصدر الإضاءة 120cm . درسنا الصورة الاختبارية البيضاء (الورقة (A4 الموضوعة في الصندوق الذي يمكن التحكم بالضوء داخله بواساطة منظومة كهربائية تعتمد مصباح التنكستن . درس تجانس الاضاءة على المحور (x) وعلى المحور (y) للصور وللشدات الضوئية المختلفة . ثم بعد ذلك درس الانحراف المعياري للحزم اللونية RGB والشدة L للصور المسجلة ودراسة تغيرها دالة للقدرة المسلطة على منظومة الاضاءة . ولقد استنتجنا ان قيمة التباين للخطوط المستقطعة على المحورين xو yعلى التوالي تساوي صفر (عندما لايعطي مصباح التنكستن اضاءة محسوسة) أي ان الويب كاميرا لاتتحسس الشدات الواطئة ويبدأ تحسس الويب كاميرا عند القدرات الاكبر من (0.001492 Watt) و ان قيمة الانحراف المعياري تبقى من دون تغيير عند الشدات الواطئة أي عند الفولتيات الاقل من (60 volt) والقدرات الاقل من (0.001492 Watt) ويلاحظ تذبذب في قيم الانحراف المعياري عند القدرات العالية وهذا يمكن عدّه من خصائص متحسسات الويب كاميرا ENET . و لوحظ ايضاً عند زيادة القدرة يزداد المعدل  وعند الشدات الضوئية العالية يحدث انتظاما" في المعدل ولاسيما في القدرات الأكبر من (0.005803 Watt)

Molar conductivity of different concentrations of thymine and adenosine in water , sodium acetate and ammonium chloride solution at different temperatures , 283. 15-323.15 K has been determined from direct conductivity measurements , examination of aqueous mixture of thymine and adenosine with Onsager equation reveal deviation from linearity at high concentration .This deviation was explained in term of molecular interaction . Ostwald dilution law also examined with the above mixtures lead to calculation of limiting molar conductivities and dissociation constants of both nucleic acid in water , sodium acetate and ammonium chloride. The agreement between the values obtained for Onsager equation and Ostwald law was reasonable . Calculation of activation energies of flow using modified Arrhenius equation gives a result showed that the molecular interaction of both acids in all different mixtures were the same .

The reaction of L-ascorbic acid with the chloroacetic acid in presence of potassium hydroxide has been investigated.
The new product L (2,3,5,6-O,O,O,O-tetraacetic acid L-ascorbic acid) was isolated and characterized by elemental analysis(C.H),
1H, 13C-NMR. Mass spectrum and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The reaction of the ligand (L) (where L = H4L), M+2 = (Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, Ca, Mg) has been investigated and was isolated and characterized by FT-IR, UV- visible, conductivity, Atomic absorption and molar ratio (Cd, Co) complexes.
Spectroscopic evidence showed that the binding of the M(II) ions are throughy the O-1 Lacton, O-2-OCH2COOH and O-6-OCH2COOH resulting in a six- coordinated metal ion, , Kf, max, for Co, Cd complexes, were estimated,  for Co, Ni, complexes were calculated too.
The study of biological activity of the ligand (L) and its complexes (Cu+2, Cd+2, Ca+2) showed various activity toward staphylococcus aureu and Escherichia coli, except Ca- complex didn't show any effect.

توجهنا في بحثنا الى دراسة تأثر الورقة الاختبارية البيضاء A4 بعملية الإضاءة المختلفة الشدة باستخدام مصدر الإضاءة مصباح التنكستن وتحسسها بوساطة الويب كاميرا ENET وقد أظهرت النتائج انه عند الفولتيات الواطئة فأن مصباح التنكستن يعطي شدات متساوية للحزم اللونية الثلاث ولمركبة الإضاءة L. أما في مدى الفولتيات العالية فانه يعطي شدات متباعدة . كما درست العلاقة بين الخصائص الإحصائية ( المعدل µوالانحراف المعياري σ) للمركبات اللونية الثلاثه RGB ولمركبة الإضاءةL، ولاحظنا ان زيادة قيمها بزيادة الفولتية دلالة على زيادة الوضوحية داخل الصورة ،وتكون قيم الانحراف المعياري للحزمة الزرقاء أعلى من الحزمتين الحمراء والخضراء ومركبة الإضاءة L وذلك للمساهمة العالية للضوضاء فيها .

The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of trace element chromium(III) and thyroid peroxidase activity in human serum , and to find a relationship between the concentration of chromium(III) and thyroid peroxidase activity in serum of patients with hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and healthy subjects. Serum thyroid peroxidase was measured by enzyme linked radioimmunoassay(ELISA) method and chromium determination was by atomic absorption spectrophotometer .Comparing the values of chromium concentration and thyroid peroxidase activity in both samples showed that there were significant positive correlations between chromium levels and thyroid peroxidase activity(P<0.01, r=0.11). The results showed that Serum thyroid peroxidase activity and chromium levels were significantly higher in hyperthyroidism patients (152.0±4.6 IU/L) (2.159±0.15 ppb) respectively than normal (51.0±1.8 IU/L) (0.378±0.024 ppb) respectively and lower than normal in hypothyroidism patients (35.0±0.31 IU/L)(0.099±0.011 ppb) respectively.

This work involves synthesis of novel Schiff bases derivatives contining isoxazoline or pyrazoline units starting with chalcons . 4-Aminoacetophenone was react with p-nitrobenzaldehyde or p-chlorobenzaldehyde in basic medium giving chalcones [I]a,b by claisen-schemidt reactions. The chalcones [I]a,b were reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride giving isoxazolines [II]a,b in basic medium. The chalcone [I]a could also reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give pyrazolines [III]a . The novel Schiff bases with structural formula [VIII]n , [IX]n , [X]m and [XI]m were prepared by the reaction of amino compounds ; isoxazoline [II]a,b and pyrazolines [III]a with monoaldehydes [VI]n and dialdehydes [VII]m , respectively in dry benzene using drops of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst with reflux . All the synthesized compounds have been characterized by melting points , FTIR , UV-Vis and 1HMNR (of some of theme) spectroscopy.

Thin films of zinc selenide ZnSe have been prepared by using thermal evaporation method in vacuum with different thickness (1000 – 4000) Ao and a deposited on glass substrate and studying some electrical properties including the determination of A.C conductivity and real, imaginary parts of dielectric constant and tangent of loss angle. The result shows that increasing value of A.C conductivity with increasing thickness and temperature, and increasing capacitance value with increasing the temperature and decrease with increasing frequency . Real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant and tangent of loss angle decrease with increasing frequency.

In this study, the contribution of the bond C–I has been derived and incorporated in empirical formula to calculate zero-point energies (ZPE) of Iodo compounds. The calculated ZPE for 38 molecules containing this bond correlate well with experimental values. The comparison of these results with semiempirical (AM1) ZPE appears very satisfactory .

تعد الإضاءة عنصراُ شديد الأهمية في المعالجات اللونية، آذ تحتوي العديد من منظومات التصوير (الكاميرات الرقمية )على وحدات للضوء داخلها وإن إضاءة هذه الوحدات ليست قوية وإنما مفيدة حين يكون الضوء منخفضاً ، فعند ظروف الإضاءة المختلفة في الشدة لا تبقى كفاية إضاءة الصورة جيدة وقد تصبح الصورة داكنة أو معرضة قليلاً للضوء وبذلك تكون تفاصيل المعلومات أقل في الصورة حيث لا يمكننا تعديل التباين والإضاءة للتعويض عن النقص من دون فقدان التفاصيل المضيئة والمظلمة ، لذا فأننا توجهنا في هذا البحث إلى دراسة تباين النصوص الملونة المكتوبة على اللوحة وبحالات إضاءة غير منتظمة (قليلة) ولمسافات مختلفة، اذ ان تباين هذه النصوص المكتوبة على اللوحة يقل كلما زادت المسافة فبزيادة المسافة تقل وضوحية النصوص الملونة للمركبات اللونية الثلاثة ولمركبة الإضاءة .

For extraction chloro anion complexes of Cd2+ and Hg2+ used many organic agents as extractant according to liquid ion exchange method such as α-Naphthyl amine (α-NA), 4-Amino benzoic acid (4-ABA), 2-[(4-Carboxy methyl phenyl) azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (4-CMePADPI) and Cryptand (C222). This study includes definition hydrochloric acid concentration in aqueous phase and shaking with organic phase necessary for extraction as well as shaking time, organic solvent effect, interferences and alkaline salt effect. Thermodynamic showed the ion exchange reaction was exothermic for α-NA, C222 and endothermic for 4-ABA, 4-CMePADPI for extraction CdCl4=, but for extraction HgCl4= was exothermic with 4-ABA, 4-CMePADPI and C222 but endothermic with α-NA. In addition stoichiometry showed the ion pair complex extracted was 1:1:1 Cation: Ligand: Anion.

This present study demonstrated that liver was involved in 14 %of typhoid patients manifesting with hepatomegaly. Elevation of serum enzymes in typhoid fever was presumably of a muscular origin, while elevation of liver enzyme was relatively less common.
This study was performed on 30 female patients diagnosed by ultrasound (US) of abdomen, with paratyphoid A, ranged between (20-40) years compared with 30 healthy control .Patients volunteers were treated with appropriate antibiotics for 14 days and investigations were repeated 2-3 week after completion of treatment. Patients had clinical and biochemical evidence of hepatic dysfunction. The spectrum of hepatic involvement included hepatomegaly , jaundice, derangement of various hepatic functions and abnormal US abdomen.
The results revealed a highly significant values increase in serum AST and ALT compared to control was found while a significant increase of serum ALP compared to control was noticed and a significant decrease in serum LDH compared to control was obtained.

A study was carried out to determine the concentrations of trace metals in vegetables and fruits, which are locally available in the markets of Baghdad-samples of fourteen varieties of vegetables and fruits, belonging to Beta vulgaris, Brassica rapa, Daucus carota, Allium cepa, Eurica sativa, Malva silvestris, Coriandrum Sativum, Trigonella Foenum craecum, Anethum graveolens, Barassica oleracea, Phaseolus vulgaris, citrus reticulata, Pyrus malus, and Punica granatum. Analysis for Cd,Pb, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results indicated that the Malva silvestris recorded the highest concentrations of Cd and Mn while Allium cepa showed the highest concentrations of Pb and Cu. But Eurica sativa, Anethum graveolens, phaseolus vulgaris and Daucus carota were observed the highest values of Fe, Co, Ni and Zn respectively. It can be noticed that the zinc has the highest values while the nickel recorded the lowest values in all studied samples.

A potentiostatic study for the corrosion of pure zinc in 0.01 M HCl was achieved in absence and presence of (linear alkylbenzene solfonate LAS) detergents in a range of concentrations (0-50) mg/L. The electrochemical studies included anodic, cathodic polarization by using potentiostat over temperature rang (293- 323) K. The mechanism of corrosion rate of pure zinc was suggested by evaluating of αa , αc , ba , bc , i0 , Rp and the kinetic parameters also calculated ( Ea , A) at the above temperature rang, The thermodynamic of corrosion, corrosion accelerating and corrosion protecting were investigated by calculating (∆G, ∆H and ∆s) values.

Soil is a crucial component of environment. Total soil analysis may give information about possible enrichment of the soil with heavy metals. Heavy metals, potentially contaminate soils, may have been dumped on the ground. The concentrations of soil heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn and Cu) were measured in three zones thought to be deeply contaminated at different depths (5, 25, 50 cm) at Ibn Al-Haitham College. The highest concentration of heavy metals Pb (63.3ppm), Cr (90.7ppm), Ni (124ppm) and Cu (75.7ppm) were found in zone (A) location-1, where the highest concentration of Zn (111.7ppm) was found in zone (C). Cd and As were detected in small amounts in all zones.
PH value, organic matters, carbonates, sulphates, chlorides and total soluble salts were also studied to get better understanding of mobility and displacement of the contaminating compounds in soil under study.

The new polydentate Schiff-base oxime (1E,1`E)-2hydroxy-3-((E)-(2-((E)-2-hydrxy3-((E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl)-5-methylbenzyldeneamino)ethylimino)methyl)-5-methylbenzaldehyde oxime H4L and its binuclear metal complexes with Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) are reported. The reaction of 2,6 diformyl–4–methyl phenol with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in mole ratios of 1:1 gave the precursor (E)-2-hydroxy-3-((hydroxyimino)methyl)-5-methylbenzaldehyde. Condensation reaction of precursor with ethylenediamine in mole ratios of 2:1 gave the new N4O2 Schiff-base oxime ligand H4L. Upon complex formation, the ligand behaves as a tribasic hexadantate species. The mode of bonding and overall geometry of the complexes were determined through physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. These studies revealed tetrahedral geometries for Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II) complexes and square planar geometry about Cu(II) complex of general formulae [M2(HL)](Cl)(H2O). Molecular structure of the for Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II) complexes has been optimised by CS Chem 3D Ultra Molecular Modeling and Analysis Program and supported four coordinate geometry.

Two series of Schiff Bases and 2,3-disubstituted-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized . Reaction of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole with α-chloro acetic acid gave compound[I]. Esterification of carboxylic moity of compound [I] , using absolute methanol in the presence of conc . H2SO4 yielded acorresebonding ester [II] , wich was condensation with hydrazine hydrate to give acid hydrazide [III] . The new Schiff bases [V]n were synthesized by reaction of acid hydrizide with dialdehyde [IV]n in the presence of glacial acetic acid . The thiazolidinone derivatives [VI]n have been obtained from the azomethines through the addition of thioglycolic acid . Their chemical structures have been confirmed by melting points , FTIR and 1HNMR (of some of them) .
Benzothiazole , thiazolidinone.

In this paper, we introduce and discuss an algorithm for the numerical solution of two- dimensional fractional partial differential equation with parameter. The algorithm for the numerical solution of this equation is based on implicit and an explicit difference method. Finally, numerical example is provided to illustrate that the numerical method for solving this equation is an effective solution method.

The aim of this paper is to construct the (k,r)-caps in the projective 3-space PG(3,p) over Galois field GF(4). We found that the maximum complete (k,2)-cap which is called an ovaloid , exists in PG(3,4) when k = 13. Moreover the maximum (k,3)-caps, (k,4)-caps and (k,5)-caps.

In this paper ,we introduce a concept of Max– module as follows: M is called a Max- module if is a maximal ideal of R, for each non– zero submodule N of M;
In other words, M is a Max– module iff (0) is a *- submodule, where
a proper submodule N of M is called a *- submodule if is a maximal ideal of R, for each submodule K contains N properly.
In this paper, some properties and characterizations of max– modules and
*- submodules are given. Also, various basic results a bout Max– modules are considered. Moreover, some relations between max- modules and other types of modules are considered.

In this paper, a new class of sets, namely - semi-regular closed sets is introduced and studied for topological spaces. This class properly contains the class of semi--closed sets and is property contained in the class of pre-semi-closed sets. Also, we introduce and study sr-continuity and sr-irresoleteness. We showed that sr-continuity falls strictly in between semi-- continuity and pre-semi-continuity.

In this work, some of numerical methods for solving first order linear Volterra Integro-Differential Equations are presented. The numerical solution of these equations is obtained by using Open Newton Cotes formula.The Open Newton Cotes formula is applied to find the ptimum solution for this equation.The computer program is written in (MATLAB) language (version 6)

In this paper, the linear system of Fredholm integral equations is solving using Open Newton-Cotes formula, which we use five different types of Open Newton-Cotes formula to solve this system.
Compare the results of suggested method with the results of another method (closed Newton-Cotes formula)
Finally, at the end of each method, algorithms and programs developed and written in MATLAB (version 7.0) and we give some numerical examples, illustrate suggested method

Let R be a commutative ring with unity and let M be a unitary R-module. In this paper we study fully semiprime submodules and fully semiprime modules, where a proper fully invariant R-submodule W of M is called fully semiprime in M if whenever XXW for all fully invariant R-submodule X of M, implies XW.
M is called fully semiprime if (0) is a fully semiprime submodule of M. We give basic properties of these concepts. Also we study the relationships between fully semiprime submodules (modules) and other related submodules (modules) respectively.
Key words: Fully semiprime submodule, fully semiprime modules, fully invariant submodule, fully prime modules.

A common problem facing many Application models is to extract and combine information from multiple, heterogeneous sources and to derive information of a new quality or abstraction level. New approaches for managing consistency, uncertainty or quality of Arabic data and enabling e-client analysis of distributed, heterogeneous sources are still required. This paper presents a new method by combining two algorithms (the partitioning and Grouping) that will be used to transform information in a real time heterogeneous Arabic database environment.