The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A total of 50 fecal samples were collected from buffalo calves ages between 3 days to 4 months, ‎in middle area of Iraq (Baghdad, Salahaldden, Babylon, Diyala, and Wasit) between July 2016 to ‎June 2017. All samples were examined by Immuno-chromatographic rapid tests for detection of ‎buffalo rotavirus, twenty samples were positive. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. test was ‎also used and revealed only 8 positive samples, the later samples were used for viral isolation on ‎fetal bovine kidney cell culture for detection the cytopathogenic effects of the virus. The ‎cytopathogenic effects of virus were induced rounded cells and gaps; as a result of rupture of these ‎infected cells by rotavirus. Moreover Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay test used again for ‎detection of rotavirus cytopathogenic effect in fetal bovine kidney cell culture for more ‎confirmation. The TCID 50 was estimated for rotavirus on fetal bovine kidney cells 104.5 virus/0.05 ‎ml

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of Salvia officinal's silver ‎nanoparticles as antioxidant on nephrotic damage induced by methotrexate in adult rats. Green ‎silver nanoparticles were synthesized using alcoholic extract of salvia officinal's leaves, and were ‎characterized by UV-spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscope. The mixing of the plant ‎extract of Salvia. officinal's with silver nitrate solution (1mM), lead to changing of the reaction ‎mixture color to yellowish within one hour and to dark brown after 8 hours, indicating the ‎generation of Salvia officinal's silver nanoparticles , due to the reduction of silver metal ions silver ‎‎(Ag+) into Nano silver particles via the active compounds present in the S. officinal's plant extracts. ‎Changing in color after the reduction of Ag+ to Salvia officinal's silver nanoparticles. The reduction ‎rate and formation of nanoparticles can be increased further by increase in incubation time. Silver ‎nitrate conversion to Nano silver particles was found to be successful as suggested by the change in ‎color of the solution to brown. For studying the protective role of Salvia officinal's silver ‎nanoparticles , twenty eight adult Wister albino rats were randomly assigned and divided in to four ‎groups as follows T1, T2, T3, and T4, They were treated intramuscularly (twice per week) for 45 ‎days as follows; T1:animals in this group, were given Salvia officinal's (150mg /Kg/.B.W), T2: ‎animals in this groups were given Salvia officinal's Silver nanoparticles (150mg/Kg B.W.); ‎T3:animals of this groups were given both Methotrexate (0.25mg/kg/ B.W.) and Salvia officinal's ‎silver nanoparticles (150mg/Kg/B.W); T4: animals in this groups were given methotrexate ‎‎(0.25mg/Kg B.W.) for 45 days . The animals of all groups were considered as control group at day ‎zero and injected only doubled distilled water Intramuscala. Fasting blood samples were collected ‎at 0, 15, 30 and 45 days of experimental periods from anesthetized rats using retro-orbital sinus ‎technique and cardiac puncture technique, then sera was isolated for measuring: malondialdehyde, ‎glutathione in serum, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen and uric acid concentrations. The results ‎showed that animals received methotrexate (group T4) caused a case of oxidative stress manifested ‎by significant decrease grower in , elevation in malondialdehyde concentrations, renal dysfunction ‎as documented by significant elevation in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid concentrations. On ‎the other hand, the protective role of salvia officinal's and Salvia officinal's silver nanoparticles ‎given concurrently with methotrexate was clarified in groups T2and T3 ,where there was alleviation ‎of renal damage through correction of the previous mentioned parameters and correction of ‎antioxidant status. In conclusion, the current study documented the antioxidant activity and reno ‎protective effects of Salvia officinal's silver nanoparticles against damaging effects of methotrexate ‎in rats. ‎

The aim of this study was to estimate the changes in ventral hernia repairing in Iraqi bucks by using two ‎biological matrixes derived from bovine (pericardium and urinary bladder matrix) through histopathological ‎examination. All bucks right lower flank awas prepared surgically, sedation were done by using (2% Xylazine ‎hydrochloride) at a dose of 0.2mg/kg intramuscular, and surgical site anesthetized through an inverted (L) ‎shape local infiltration technique using lidocaine hydrochloride (2%) at a dose of 8mg/kg. Ventral abdominal ‎hernias were induced in (24) bucks through elliptical resection of abdominal muscles to made hernia ring (6-‎‎8cm) with avoiding peritoneum perforation. After 30 days of operation bucks were divided into two equal ‎groups. cellular Bovine pericardium group and cellular urinary bladder matrix group. In two groups hernias ‎were treated with only replacement of acellular bovine pericardium and cellular urinary bladder matrix ‎respectively which fixed with interrupted horizontal mattress 2cm far from hernia ring by Polypropylene ‎‎(No.1) suture material. Histopathological biopsies were taken at 2nd, 8th and 16th week post treatment (4 bucks\ ‎period). Both groups’ successes in reconstruction of large hernia in bucks through prevent recurrent or others ‎post-operative complications. In addition the histopathological examination showed that the acellular urinary ‎bladder matrix superior than acellular bovine pericardium matrix in enhance healing based on acellular ‎urinary bladder matrix role in augment early initiation of inflammatory cells infiltration, fibroblast ‎proliferation and marked collagen deposition, in addition to its early degradation, incorporation and ‎remodeling. ‎

This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of a mixture of propolis ‎and phytogenic (Digestarom)on immune responses against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease ‎‎, also Heterophil/lymphocyte ratios in vaccinated broiler under thermoneutral (maintained on usual heat ‎program)and heat stress maintained in ‎‏)‏‎33 ± 2°C). total of three hundred, one-day-old broilers (Rose 308) ‎chicks were distributed equally in two separated room, thermoneutral groups and heat stress HS groups ‎along the duration of the experiment (42)day, then each group subdivided in to five groups( 30 chicks for ‎each ) as follow: (thermoneutral group and heat stress group )fed a basal diet supplemented with propolis ‎‎(2g/kg of diet),(thermoneutral group 2and heat stress2)fed Digestarom(150mg/kg).( thermoneutral group ‎‎3 and heat stress group 3) fed a mixture of (propolis2g/kg +Digestarom150mg/kg) and two control groups ‎without additive. Antibody titers against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease were ‎measured and Heterophil/lymphocyte ratio was estimated. In heat stress chickens the results revealed a ‎significant decrease(P<0.05)in immune response with significant increased(P<0.05) in ‎Heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, while higher significant (P<0.05)in antibody titers with significant decrease ‎‎(P<0.05) in Heterophil/lymphocyte ratio was showed in all thermoneutral chickens but more significant in ‎thermoneutral group 3 and heat stress group 3 groups were gave the best values in comparing with others ‎groups. The role of Propolis or phytogenic on broiler health and immunity had already been reported, but ‎in this study was reported the effects of their mixture on ameliorating deleterious effects of heat stress.‎

‎ A broiler poultry farm of six weeks old, vaccinated with LaSota Newcastle disease virus vaccine. ‎The flock was infected with a virulent Newcastle disease virus with mortality rate up to 90%. ‎Newcastle disease virus was isolated from infected birds in embryonated chicken eggs and ‎identified by haemagglutination inhibition test using hyperimmune serum prepared against LaSota ‎viral vaccine. Median Death Time, Intracerebral Pathogenicity Index and Intravenous Pathogenicity ‎Index proved that the virus was a virulent viscerotropic isolate. In experimental infection, broilers ‎were vaccinated twice with LaSota strain, the level of anti-Newcastle disease virus IgG was ‎checked by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test pre and post vaccination and the birds were ‎challenged with the same isolated virulent isolate at 35 days old, the virus was inoculated by oral ‎and nostril routs. The challenge virus produced the same sever clinical signs and the mortality rate ‎reached up to 70%. Tissue samples were collected from intestine, kidneys, lung, trachea, spleen, ‎liver, and the brain of the experimentally infected broilers, they showed sever pathological changes. ‎It seems that vaccination with commercial available vaccine could not produce enough protection ‎against virulent circulating Newcastle disease virus strains, accordingly preparation of viral vaccine ‎from local virulent isolate is recommended after attenuation or inactivation.‎

‎ This study was designated to evaluate the protective role of alpha lipoic acid against oxidative ‎stress resulted by hydrogen peroxide on some oxidants/ antioxidants parameters and gene ‎expression of glutathione peroxidase in adult Wistar rats. Forty adult male rats were randomly ‎divided into four equal groups (10 rats /group) and were handled daily as follows for 56 days : ‎Control group were intubated distal water and received ordinary tap water ; group T1 were ‎intubated 60mg/kg B.W of alpha lipoic acid and received ordinary tap water ; group T2 were ‎received hydrogen peroxide in tap water at concentration of 0.5% , while group T3 were intubated ‎‎60mg/kg B.W of alpha lipoic acid and received ordinary tap water containing 0.5% hydrogen ‎peroxide. Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 28 and 56 days of experimental periods for ‎measurement of serum peroxynitrite and malondialdehyde concentrations, as well catalase activity. ‎Furthermore, gene expression of glutathione reductase in liver was investigated. Administration of ‎‎0.5% hydrogen peroxide in drinking water (group T2) manifested a significant elevation in serum ‎peroxynitrite and malondialdehyde with significant decrease in catalase and Glutathione, ‎concentrations. Also, a significant decrease in gene expression of glutathione reductase was ‎observed as compared to other treated groups. Nevertheless, rats in group T3 shows a significantly ‎improvement in oxidant /antioxidant status with increase in folds changes of gene expression of ‎glutathione reductase as compared to control and T2. In conclusion, supplementation of alpha lipoic ‎acid to rats significantly reduced oxidative stress –induced by hydrogen peroxide and caused ‎improvement of gene expression of glutathione reductase in liver via its antioxidant properties‎

This study was conducted to investigate the anatomical, histological characteristic features of epididymis, ‎ductus deferens and phallus of male guinea fowl (Numidia meleagris ). Fifteen healthy male guinea fowl aged ‎between 18-24 months, weighing 1280 - 1405 gram were used in current study which brought from local ‎market in Baghdad governorate. The epididymis of guinea fowl consisted from rete testis, efferent ductless, ‎connecting duct and epididymal duct. The study revealed that the mean diameter of epididymal ducts was ‎‎285.17± 2.43µm lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The epididymal duct continuous with ‎ductus deferens which become wider caudally towards the cloaca, the length of right and left ductus ‎deferens were 9.16±1.20 cm and 9.80±1.24cm respectively. The copulatory organ (phallus) of guinea fowl ‎was not well developed and non-intermittent type consist from right and left lateral lymphoid bodies with ‎median eminences, the transverse width 5.01±0.24mm, the cranio-caudal width 3.51±0.07mm and dorso- ‎ventral width 4.32±0.25mm. The lining epithelium of coprodeum was pseudo stratified columnar epithelium. ‎This study concluded that the epididymis of male guinea fowl located on dorsomedial surface of the testes ‎and without definite parts as in domestic animals, the ductus deferens of guinea fowl was tortuous, the ‎phallus of guinea fowl is non - intermittent type. ‎

‎ The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of various doses of Azorubine which ‎is a food additive on the female reproductive organs in Sprague Dawley rats. Twenty four female ‎Sprgue Dawley rats were divided randomly into 4 equal groups. Group 1(control group), group, 2, 3 ‎and 4 were received Azorubine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) orally, daily for 30 days respectively. Blood ‎samples were taken for estimation of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and platelets, in ‎addition Luteinizing, follicular stimulation, estrogen and progesterone hormones from the sera. The ‎reproductive hormones levels affected drastically under the effects of different doses of treatment ‎like Luteinizing hormone (0.69±0.25, 0.60±0.75 and 0.55±0.63), Follicular Stimulation hormone ‎‎(0.17±0.11, 0.13±0.33 and 0.3±0.45), Progesterone hormone (0.50±0.77, 0.14±0.56 and 0.10±0.85), ‎and estrogen hormone (0.45+0.43, 0.30±0.29 and 0.14±0.27) hormones were decreased significantly ‎‎(P˂0.05) in groups of rats treated with each 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg doses of Azorubine respectively. ‎Histopathologically, the ovaries treated with 5 mg/kg doses of Azorubine showing follicles at the ‎beginning stages of growth with no Graffian follicle while the ovaries with 10 mg/kg doses of ‎Azorubine contain fully grown Graffian follicles with no follicles at various stages as well as those ‎with 20 mg/kg doses of treatment displaying no mature Graffian follicle with many atretic and ‎shrunk follicles. The hematological outcomes are significantly affected by this food additive. The ‎results of this work is concluded that Azorubine can be considered as one of the most important ‎causes of infertility, hormonal disturbances and irregular estrus cycle in the female rat. ‎

This study was conducted to investigate the histopathological changes of cestodes chronic ‎intestinal infections in ten local domesticated ducks (Anas platyrhynchas) during the period ‎‎1/9/2016- 1/10/2017 in Baghdad city. Results showed severe destruction in the intestinal mucosa ‎‎,sloughing and desquamation of the epithelia and severe destruction with distortion or complete loss ‎of the intestinal villi, complete loss of the mucosal and submucosa layers with destruction of ‎intestinal glands and there is a severe infiltration of inflammatory cells mainly mononuclear cells in ‎the lamina propria, and a focal necrosis in the intestinal mucosa.The submucosa showed an ‎infiltration of macrophages and few lymphocytes, severe necrosis , calcification in some mucosal ‎glands or with a cystic dilation with cellular debris in their lumen surrounded by inflammatory cells ‎infiltration mainly mononuclear and plasma cells.The conclusion of the present study was that the ‎cestodes chronic infection cause severe inflammatory response mainly lymphocytes and monocytes ‎in mucosa and sub mucosa and destruction of some intestinal glands of the intestine. ‎

An experiment has been carried out to evaluate a diatomaceous earth on performance and egg ‎traits of Japanese quail. The diatomaceous earth used in the current trial was food grade which ‎produced in Germany and is listed Generally Regarded As Safe. Eighty layer Japanese quail were ‎randomly divided into 2 treatments from 16-20 weeks of age. Each treatment consisted 4 replicates ‎‎(pens) of 10 birds each. The first treatment (control) contained a standard recommended diet with ‎no added diatomaceous earth. The second treatment was the basal diet of the first treatment plus ‎‎1.5% diatomaceous earth in the feed. Feed and water were offered ad libitum from days 1 to 140. ‎Egg production per pen was recorded daily. Egg traits were measured at the end of each week ‎during experimental period. Utilization of diatomaceous earth did not have a pronounced effect on ‎the production parameters and weight of egg, albumen, and shell, but significantly improved yolk ‎size. ‎

In this study a fabrication of three groups of biological system for bone scaffold, which consist ‎of first group samples: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA type (Re-Acromed) / % X acrylic resin ‎‎(Type: ORT-365), second group samples (acrylic resin (Type: ORT-365) / % X PMMA type (Re-‎Acromed)), with selected weight percentages of second material are (5, 10, 15 and 20 % wt.) and ‎third group (PMMA type (Re-Acromed) / 15 % wt. acrylic resin (Type: ORT-365) / % X starch), ‎with selected weight percentage ratios of starch are (2, 4 and 6 %wt.). In vitro biological activity ‎and water absorption have been studied. The results clarified that the in vitro biological activity test ‎showed that all fabricated samples have no biological influence on the gram positive bacteria ‎Bacillus subtilis and gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, the results show that the first group of ‎polymer blend have low open porosity and water uptake capacity than a second group. The ‎increasing in starch weight fraction for the third group led to increasing in open porosity and water ‎absorption. ‎

The objective of the current study was to estimate whether fetal age could be accurately ‎estimated using trans-rectal and trans-abdominal ultrasonographic measurements for placentomes ‎diameter and Bi-parietal diameter. This experiment was carried out in the College of Veterinary ‎Medicine in Diyala University. Twelve Multiparous cows (4-7 years old) were inseminated ‎artificially and Serial trans-rectal and trans-abdominal ultrasonic examinations were done during the ‎‎7 – 13 week and during 10 -26th week of gestation, respectively. Using 5-7.5 MHz linear array ‎transducer and also 3.5-5MHz convex transducer. Possible discrimination of placentomes and Bi-‎parietal diameter for the first time at the fifth and ninth week of gestation, respectively. The mean ‎values for placentomes diameter were 7.5mm and 69 mm during 7 and 26 weeks of pregnancy, ‎respectively, as well the placentome increased in diameter an average of 3.0028 mm per week. ‎Besides that, the mean Bi-parietal diameter was 17.5mm and 33mm during 9 and 13 week of ‎pregnancy, respectively. The Bi-parietal diameter was increased linearly an average of 3.620 mm per ‎week. The obtained results revealed that using Trans-rectal ultrasonic during 3rd month of gestation ‎to observed pregnancy and fetal organs as well as fetal viability with fast and easy during mid-‎gestation onward High correlations were found between different studied parameters and ‎gestational age with high significant for both which were (R=0.97**; P<0.01) and(R=0.95**; ‎P<0.01) for placentomes diameter and Bi-parietal diameter respectively‏.‏‎ In conclusion, the trans-‎abdominal ultrasonography it reliable technique for determining pregnancy and the best window for ‎fetal viability during third month of gestation until term and a strong positive with a high ‎significant correlation of coefficient between gestational periods and placentomes diameter, fetal bi-‎pareital diameter in cows and relatively the highest correlation was also evident in placenttomes ‎diameter, moreover, this study prove that widely restricted factors of ultrasound are that its ‎efficient, is always depending on skill of the operator

This study was performed to evaluate the improvement in serum lipid profile and inflammatory ‎parameters in female diabetic rabbits after two month treatment with glimepride, bromocriptine and ‎fluoxtein in order to decrease cardiovascular diseases risk related to type 2diaetes mellitus. Twenty five ‎local female rabbits divided equally in to five groups, four groups were diabetes type 2 induced by ‎alloxan 120 mg/kg and nicotinamide 50 mg/kg and the fifth group was control negative (Cv-).The animal ‎were allocated to different treatment regimen ,dosed orally on daily base for two months treatment, as ‎following, T1 (glimepride 0.11mg/kg),T2 (glimepride 0.11+bromocriptine 0.04 mg/kg),T3 (glimepride ‎‎0.11+fluoxtein 0.29 mg/kg), control positive group(Cve+) diabetic without treatment and the fifth group ‎was control negative group (Cve-) dosed with distall water. Lipid profile, interleukin-6,C-reactive protein ‎were determined after diabetes induction and at the end of experiment. IL-6 significantly reduced in ‎T2,while C-Reactive Protein non-significantly reduced. All treated groups showed nearly similar total ‎cholesterol level, T1demonstrate the higher level of High Density Lippoprotein -C level . In the same time ‎all treated groups showed non-significant decrease in Low Density Lippoprotein-C, T2 showed ‎superiority in reducing Very Low DennsityLippoprotein-C and triglyceride level over all other diabetic ‎groups In.conclusion ,diabete agonist (Bromocriptine)+glimepride demonstrate the superiority over the ‎combination therapy glimepride +flouxtein and glimepride as monotherapy in improving diabetes type 2 ‎related cardiovascular complications‎

The histological observations of this study which conducted on nasal cavity of black Iraqi goat ‎revealed that the nasal cavity consisted of three regions (vestibular, respiratory and olfactory‎‏.(‏The ‎vestibular region was narrow zone, lined with (non keratinized) stratified squamous epithelium, and ‎its propria submucosa contained serous glands and blood vessels‏.‏The respiratory region was lined ‎with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia with goblet cells. The vascular propria submucosa ‎had mucous glands, which were positive to periodic acdic shieff and Alcian blue stains. The ‎olfactory region was lined with thick pseudostratified columnar epithelium devoid of goblet cells ‎and contained, the propria submucosa serous simple acinus Alcian positive glands (Bowman's ‎glands) and numerous nerve bundles. The histological results concluded that the nasal cavity of ‎black Iraqi goat was good adaptive tooled for hot dusty environment.‎