The Arab Gulf

Abstract:
Poetry in the third millennium constitutes an aspect of modernity، due to the poetic forms presented by the innovators. So ، they depended on something other than vocabulary and brought what is outside the linguistic lexicon to make it an impulse and integral part of the poetic text. The most important experience is that of the Iraq poet Ali Al-Imara ، in which he combined photography with poetry to come up with he called (Poem - picture)، coining this term from (picture + poem). As such، the dominant features changed during the process of reception، and before the recipient, there are two texts in one. That is، there is a particularity to receive such texts، where the recipient engages in an adventure of reading them to discover a new meaning via the significations presented.

Abstract:
The Beirut Conference، held in 1991، as a result of the outbreak of the popular uprising and the Second Gulf War، the Iraqi opposition held the Beirut conference to support the popular uprising in Iraq and obtain international support for the uprising that was being conducted.
The objective of the study is to study the Iraqi opposition conference held by the Iraqi opposition parties in 1991 to overthrow the ruling regime in Iraq. The study also aims to know how the conference، the participating parties، sponsoring countries and the recommendations of the conference were held. The popular uprising that broke out in Iraq after the liberation of Kuwait by the US-led coalition forces and its allies.
The conference contributed to the international and Arab public opinion against the ruling regime، which practiced all forms of oppression، oppression، and displacement against opponents and revolutionaries. The conference represented the beginning of the political protest of the opposition against the former regime by consolidating the word of the Iraqi parties and factions at the Beirut conference، to topple the former Iraqi regime.

Abstract:
The Arab Gulf has great political strategic and economic importance, which has become an important reason for the Polarization and competition of the major powers to control it for two centuries until the Present time and among those powers is the Great Britain, which has dominated this region of the world since 1820 until its departure in 1971.
After having held with all its governors' treaties and long- term agreements to keep control of this strategic part that controls the economies of the major powers. After the British withdrawal, the united states of America had the upper hand the new power on the gulf region and controlled its destinies. After That Relations have deepened the cooperation between the USA and the counties of the gulf region, including Iran, which was dreaming of regaining its hegemony over the gulf region and its countries along the coast as these countries try to free themselves from this hegemony and stand on their feet. Iraq has an important pivotal role in the balance of power on this vital part of the world Gulf region. This study attempts to study these events and their security and political dimensions in the countries of the gulf region.

Abstract:
The world witnessed changes after the Cold War, which were reflected like regional transformations, including the nature of the relationship between Iran and Iraq, especially at the end of the eighties until the end of the nineties. The war’s turns between the two countries produced outputs that influenced the determination of the course of political relations and their developments, as Iraq emerged as a prominent military power despite The war that exhausted the economy in it, in turn, Iran has eased tension and pursued a new foreign policy based on building balanced relations, Both are looking forward to a regional role as they are pivotal states in the Arab Gulf region and the Middle East, but that faced another challenge before international powers, especially the United States of America, which adopted a policy of dual containment to retain its role to reshape the region in line with its long-term strategy, from here comes the importance of research that deals with the nature of these roles and how to determine the shape of relations between the variable relations between countries of the region.

Abstract:
Pearl traders keen to maintain their relations with the rulers in order to consolidate their economic and social status and thus were able to participate in the management of Kuwait and access to the direct influence in the making of many decisions and stress

Abstract :
The Iraqi air traffic is of great importance to the economic process as the cost of transport is heavily controlled in the process of building the economic project and in the series of production operations and marketing it constantly, the faster the mode of transport, the less the time of the trip whether the transport of goods or the transport of passengers and Iraqi airports an important role in the revitalization and development of the movement Economic development as it provides the elements of development with the water resources it needs to promote various sectors, As well as the support of the state budget and the advancement of the national economy, has been affected by this sector in Iraq with many risks and challenges before and after 2003, because of the ongoing wars that spanned over three decades, and a series of international sanctions imposed on Iraq after 1990, This was reflected in the discontinuation of the activity of this sector, as well as the severe underdevelopment caused by its isolation from the rapid developments in the world.

Abstract :
Sludge is a rich source of organic materials that equip the soil with the necessary elements for plant growth. Its use reduces production costs and reduces the use of chemical fertilizers، especially if the soil of the study area is characterized by low content of organic matter and lack of nutrients and low moisture content، which requires the addition of The study showed that the use of dry sludge improved the properties of sandy soils، which led to an increase in soil organic matter content and a relative decrease in the degree of PH and EC، values of apparent and real density and increase in porousness.

Abstract:
The present study aims to detect spatial and temporal variations of dissolved salts in the Shatt al-Arab River as well as salinity variations in the water column, for the purpose of detecting the extent of mixing and stratification processes and determining the downstream area. The results of field measurements during the experimental period in (2018-2019) showed a clear geographical variation in the concentrations of salts between the measuring stations, as salts rise southward downstream towards the peak at the FAO station. Moreover, salt rates have had an increased temporal variations during the summer as is noticeable most of the time with each measurement, whereas the salts decreased in the winter season. As for the vertical variation of salts in Basra, despite the seasonal variation of the salt concentrations, there was no obvious salt gradation between the surface of the river and its depth, which indicates the activity of mixing. The high salts in Basra during the summer and autumn seasons, and the absence of application, give a clear indication of the progress of the downstream area to this station.

The problem of unemployed graduates of colleges and institutes is one of the most important problems that threaten the security and stability of all countries. Because these graduates have the potentials to destabilize the country by claiming to provide suitable job opportunities for them and their certificates and specialization. Therefore, this study aims to highlight the actual size of graduates, workers and unemployed graduates of colleges and institutes in Basrah province. Basrah, in particular, has its advantage over the rest of Iraq because of its riches. Making it the focus attention of graduates from other provinces universities to come and apply for work, but what we see in this province is that the number of graduates from their universities and institutes has risen dramatically year after year and return job opportunities are almost limited or nonexistent compared to the large size of graduates’ armies. The study included two main axes; the first is the distribution of graduates, employees and unemployed according to the general level of graduates in Basra province. While the second axis dealt with the distribution of graduates and the unemployed at the general level of colleges and institutes graduates in the province. Finally, the study addressed the findings and recommendations.

Abstract:
The study area was determined by the sedimentary plain of Basrah Governorate. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of agricultural methods on the water rationing of crops grown in the area. It has been concluded that the farmers of the study area Marso many methods of managing the land and the use of areas suitable for agriculture The region also suffered from the disadvantages of the low characteristics of irrigation water in general and the low characteristics of the area's soil as a large potential to embrace salts and were among those negative rise in salinity of groundwater and the approach of levels to the surface As the temperature increased in the region and the function of the poetic function, the saline effect was concentrated in the soil of the study area, and the percentage of arable land increased relative to the area of agricultural land as a whole and suitable for agriculture.

Abstract
Agricultural development is one of the most important indicators of economic progress in most countries of the world because of its distinctive role in economic and social life, agricultural development in the developed countries of the world did not face any obstacles as a result of the financial, technical, scientific and technological support that the agricultural sector possesses in this The countries of the developing world, including the study area, suffer from many obstacles to agricultural development, represented by natural and human constraints, because of the weakness of the material, technical, administrative and technological resources of the agricultural sector in the study area.

The water of the Tigris River is the most important and valuable source of the province water resources for the population of the study area in particular and its obvious impact on the population of Basra in general as it depends on the water of the Tigris River in all aspects of life and for various uses of agriculture industry and others the water quality is often endangered For human activities and infrastructure, whether these hazards from inside or outside the study area which makes the source of life itself a threat to life The results of analyses of water samples in the study area showed a temporal and spatial variation between the coldest months and the hottest months of the year and between the measurement stations. Low water and high temperatures, and showed the inability of some elements for different uses and high concentrations of elements studied in general.

Abstract:
Education service is considered among the most important services provided by city to its habitants they are supposed to be distributed in locations that provide ease of the beneficiary population, so this study came to look for the reality of this service in the city of umm Qasr for the academic year (2017-2018) and study educational in dictators and their conformity with local and Iraqi standards in terms of the capacity of one school and the number of classes, as well as the availability of appropriate teaching staff for the number of pupils , the study discussed the urban and cadastral indicators of school buildings a cording to the Iraqi standards, the study also looked at the evaluation of social indicators and the degree of sates faction of the population with the level of services provided to them in the , the number school in the study area(16) elementary school eight schools were distributed equally for (8) boys and girls, the number of pupils reached (8532) pupils and teaching staff reaches (267) teachers , while the number of class room reached (202) sections , the most important findings of the study is that the efficiency of all human indicators is low than the standard (pupilschool) (pupil eacher) (pupildivision) all the poor hoods recorded higher levels of local standards, while most important proposals were the construction of new primary schools in al high which lacked primary schools and increased the number of education staff and classes for primary schools in umm Qasr.

Abstract
The commercial and rural structure in Basra, particularly in the rural areas close to the main urban centers such as Basra city, has witnessed significant changes during the first half of the twenty-first century, whether in the structure of manpower or the rural institutions. Thus, Agriculture is no longer the main occupation of the population in this area and subsequently, their sources of income have varied. Therefore this study seeks to reveal the changes that have occurred in the structure of the industrial and commercial institutions in the rural areas of the center of Shatt Al –Arab District. One of the main results of the current paper is the increase in the number of commercial and industrial institutions, their variety and spread to cover all needs and requirements of the local population in the area.

Abstract:
Perceptive mapping design was the primary concern of map designers to communicate the desired message from the subject of the map and the speed of awareness and finding logical symbols and shapes that express the phenomenon and its portrayal، and with the development taking place in the fields of mapping and designing maps and employing modern technical development in geographical information systems and remote sensing programs to produce various types From maps in different forms and with different signature methods، it takes upon itself the speed of cartographic perception. The production of these maps depends on the use of cartographic derivation in its various ways provided by GIS programs.