The Arab Gulf

This research sheds light on British-Ceylonese relations since February 4, 1948, when Ceylon became an independent state within the Commonwealth, and bilateral relations between the two countries evolved in areas such as trade, defense, and international cooperation. After signing a defense agreement between Ceylon and Britain, which obliges Britain to protect the state of Ceylon from any potential aggression, especially from its major neighbor, India, Ceylon also became a member of the Commonwealth to ensure the continuation of friendly relations between the two countries.

The political strategic perceptions of both the United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East region constitute one of the most influential factors in the nature of the US-Iranian conflict. Their content forms a decisive and important factor in bridging the conflict gap between the two parties and seeking to find solutions that converge viewpoints on each determinant adopted by each state within its strategic political intellectual pillar in its external behavior, especially in the Middle East region, the vital arena where both states exert significant influence, conflicting in most of their movements with each party's movement towards the other.
This research seeks to study the political strategic perceptions of both states within a number of determinants drawn according to two demands, each demand including five determinants that monitor the external behavior of each state in the Middle East region as follows:
Demand One : American Political Strategic Perceptions.
Demand Two: Iranian Political Strategic Perceptions.

The research discusses the disturbances and uprisings that occurred in the province of Baghdad between the years 1098-1112 AD, as well as the rebellion of Sheikh Mani' in Basrah between the years 1102-1109 AD. It also covers the Iranian occupation of Basrah between 1008-1113 AD, and the Ottoman campaign led by Mustafa Pasha Deltaban against the rebellion in Basrah in the year 1112 AD. The conditions of Basrah between 1113-1116 AD are examined. The research also includes an Ottoman report on the military campaign to the Thiyab River. We also do not neglect the impact of diseases and epidemics such as the plague and cholera, which claim lives from time to time in most parts of Iraq, as well as drought and its effect on the rise in food prices. All these events collectively and individually were faced by Iraq on the eve of the eighteenth century and its beginning.

The research aims to elucidate the historical roots of the emergence of the military institution in Kuwait and the British attitude towards it, and its historical developments until Kuwait's independence on the nineteenth of June 1961. The research concludes that the historical roots of the emergence of the military institution in Kuwait between 1938 and 1945 were modest and simple, in line with the simplicity of Kuwaiti society in general, and its limited political, economic, and commercial capabilities before the investment and export of oil. Additionally, since 1899, Kuwait has been considered a British protectorate under the 1899 agreement signed by the then ruler of Kuwait, Sheikh Mubarak Al-Sabah, with Britain, obligating his successors thereafter. Britain, under that agreement, was responsible for foreign policy, security affairs, defense of Kuwait, and its protection. Thus, Kuwait was protected from external threats from major powers, and Britain did not support the protected emirate in building a real and strong defense force during that period, fearing its departure from its protection umbrella, in addition to Kuwait's weak economic, social, and political capabilities during the years in which military formations were established. This, along with Kuwait's small geographic area and its surroundedness by countries surpassing it in geographical area, as well as its low population density, cast shadows on the weakness of security forces and their small numbers and military capabilities on the other hand. Britain exploited this weakness in its stance towards the Kuwaiti military institution at its inception to prevent it from straying from its influence.
The research also reveals that the turning point in the growth of military formations and the positive change in the British stance towards them came after the export and investment of Kuwaiti oil in 1946, as the economic factor influenced all aspects in Kuwait, serving the military institution and changing the British stance towards it. Britain's desire to maintain political, economic, and security conditions in Kuwait in service of its interests increased, especially after the crisis of nationalizing the British Petroleum Company (AIOC), and its reliance on Kuwait as a primary source for oil since the early 1950s. Thus, Britain became more concerned with the stability of internal security in Kuwait than the previous stage due to the requirements of politics, economy, social, and security situations in the period from 1946 to 1961. Consequently, various formations of the military institution were completed during this stage, and Britain began to provide some support. Furthermore, the impact of local, regional, and international changes after World War II, the decline of Britain's status in the Arabian Gulf, and the beginning of the Gulf Emirates' independence, led by Kuwait, reflected on the British stance in building Kuwait's military and armament capabilities, establishing the Kuwaiti Army, and increasing its readiness since the mid-1950s and the early 1960s.

The inhabitants of Mesopotamia were interested in various forms of literature, leaving no art untouched. They particularly showed great interest in the art of elegy. The texts of Sumerian, Akkadian, and Assyrian civilizations reflect their interest in elegiac literature, through which they expressed their sorrow and emotions towards significant events. Among these elegies is the Elegy of Aridu, which reflects the political situation in the southern part of Mesopotam

Since its separation from India, Pakistan has witnessed numerous crises that have continuously threatened its strategic and national position. It has been in constant fear of its neighbor and archenemy, India, which has advanced in its nuclear program. In response to the developments in the Indian nuclear program, Pakistan began establishing the Pakistani Atomic Energy Commission. This commission quickly embarked on researching nuclear stations and facilities, similar to those with which India had cooperated. Pakistan collaborated with Canada to acquire a nuclear reactor, which was subsequently installed at the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant

The crystallization and development of scientific seminaries are attributed to scientific and cultural progress, as well as the diversification of methods of presenting noble Hadiths. The first Shiite scientific seminary emerged in Medina, considered the largest modern school, followed by the school of Kufa, then the school of Khorasan. The Qom school is considered one of the first scientific schools to transform into a modern seminary during the era of occultation.

The scholarly figure who elevated Qom in the science of Hadith is Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa al-Ash'ari, who vigorously opposed extremists and those who narrate from the weak, and even expelled some scholars on charges of extremism.

Qom was founded in the 23rd year of Hijra by Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, and the migration of Lady Fatimah al-Ma'sumah, the daughter of Imam Musa al-Kadhim (peace be upon him), to this city in the early third century and her burial in that spot became a reason for further attention by the Shia and the development of the Shia movement there.

Most of the migrants to Qom were Arabs in the first century of the Hijra, and most of them were from the tribe of Sa'ib ibn Malik al-Ash'ari.

Key Features of the Qom School: Rich heritage, adherence to textual sources, non-reliance on opinion and analogy in legal judgments, confronting those who narrate from the weak, presenting narrations that indicate extremism, and prolific writing and compilation.

Semantic contrast is one of the important stylistic devices utilized by poets in their poetic texts, due to the coherence and semantic cohesion it provides, as well as the beauty and harmony it adds to the stylistic structure. It is a linguistic means associated with the nature of poetic language. Iraqi female poets have employed contrasting pairs to form interconnected relationships, imbuing their poetic texts with musical tones that shape stylistic features in creative texts.
This research focuses on the semantic contrast in Iraqi female poets' works during the period (1980-2000 AD). Among the most significant contrasts in Iraqi women's poetry are (life and death), (expression and silence), (love and hatred), (male and female), (presence and absence), and other contrasts that have added beauty and coherence to poetic texts, in addition to their impact on stylistic structure.

The phenomenon of synonymy is considered one of the important linguistic phenomena that linguists, both ancient and modern, have addressed, with some affirming its occurrence and considering it as a manifestation of linguistic richness, indicative of its ability to express the same meaning with different words, while others have denied it, seeking subtle differences between those words. This study (The Phenomenon of Synonymy in Al-Waseet Book in Interpreting the Noble Quran by Abu Al-Hasan Ali Ibn Ahmad Al-Wahidi, died 468 AH) sheds light on Al-Wahidi's stance on this phenomenon and his interpretation of it through the Quranic text.

This research delves into the concept of Spacetime and its role in defining the non-conventional Other in the novels of Samira Al-Mana. The essence of the study lies in employing relative Spacetimes, deviating from the structuralist lesson. Consequently, the concepts of time and space are liberated from their absolute values, acquiring social, political, and religious dimensions that bestow upon the self a gradual transformation from one state to another.

The Quran addresses time in a scientific manner that aligns with human logic, particularly in matters related to worship and legislative rulings aimed at regulating individual and collective behavior. While the Quran predominantly discusses time in this manner, it also alludes to another type of time, namely extraordinary or miraculous time, which transcends human comprehension and consciousness of time. This type of time can be considered a form of miraculous or extraordinary time, defying all logical and natural rules, which led the researcher to study this type of time, specifically in the story of the Queen of Sheba, through applying a semiotic approach and interpretative reading. This study unveils the details of miraculous and extraordinary time, challenging the conventional human consciousness of time, resulting in the emergence of a new concept added to the known categories of time: (Objective Time, Physical Time, Psychological Time, Biological Time), namely Extraordinary Time, which falls within the realm of miraculous narrative time. The Quran presents time by linking it with supernatural characters or through creating a horizontal dialogue where the identities of the speakers differ in type and rank. This is evident in Quranic dialogues such as that between the ant and its kind, or between the hoopoe and the Prophet Solomon, where the communicative space is breached by speakers differing in type and hierarchy, as there is no unified communicative space between the ant and Prophet Solomon, or between the hoopoe and the Prophet himself. Based on this, the study clearly illustrates the Quranic narrative's method of portraying this time by linking it with supernatural characters or through dialogue and conflict between them, resulting in the final image of extraordinary time after subjecting the story's verses to interpretative reading mechanisms.

The research addresses the critical poetic perspective on the negative values of human nature in the diwan of Al-Sharif Al-Radhi. His poetry contained a unique description of these values, through concepts, manifestations, and functions in which he expressed his thoughts and evaluation of them in various contexts of his poems and in different poetic purposes he organized. The poet has a keen eye and a delicate sense through which he can penetrate into the intricacies of the society of which he is a part, and formulate an artistic vision through which he expresses the shortcomings and axes of error in order to shed light on their negatives on the society's entity. The research included multiple examples of the poet's texts that illustrate his vision, awareness, and high culture, indicating his distinguished artistic ability to express human traits and their flaws.

The Tustibic voice changes and their laws are represented in a group of shadows, which occurs as a result of the law of strongest, the lower effort or economy law in the effort, and the law of the relative hesitation, and this phenomena is the phenomenon of similar, and the vigor, and the absence of the vigor, linguists It is manifested in the two phenomena of substitution, and entrapment.
Abd al-Sabour Shaheen mentioned their definitions, types, and designations, and the opinions of some scholars, and their differences in the interpretation of these changes. As the two phenomena of opposition and spatial inversion, he studied them briefly.

With a keen interest in the language of the Holy Quran and the desire to promote the eloquent Arabic language among its speakers, who have increasingly become estranged from it, this research delves into the topic of Quranic semantics. Specifically, it addresses a type of semantic analysis known as syntactic significance within a Quranic text (Surah Al-Qalam). Though brief in length, this surah is profound in its meanings.

This research is concerned with studying the Kufic grammatical terminology according to Abu Al-Hasan Al-Wahidi in his interpretation (Al-Wasit fi Al-Kitab Al-Majid), as the research appeared to combine grammatical terms from the Basri and Kufic schools alike. In fact, the Kufic terminology may dominate the Basri one in this interpretive blog, for example. (Preposition, subtraction, addition). The description of the term grammatical phenomenon was divided into three sections: the pairing of the Basri and Kufic terms, the Basri term only, and the Kufic term only. The resercher studied the Kufic research and reached the conclusion that he believed in the synonymy of some terms; Because most of them come from one source, Khalil Al-Farahidi, or he looked at the specificity of each term, regardless of whether it was Basri or Kufic.

The commercial function in Al-Zubair city suffers from several diverse problems that have increased with the city's development, expansion, and the widening of commercial activities within it. Most of these problems have arisen haphazardly, far from the urban planning of the city, creating numerous general problems affecting the city. These include poor planning of the commercial function, variability in street width, traffic congestion, security spread of inspection points, as well as noise pollution resulting from the high number of cars and the overlap of commercial uses and the passage of transit cars. Additionally, there is visual pollution due to the lack of planning and organization of commercial shops, the overlap of commercial uses with residential areas, the absence of specialized distribution of commercial activities, and the narrowness of the commercial street. Most of these mentioned problems are present in the study area.

Some landforms are formed due to human activities, which have been observed during human intervention in the study area. This study focuses on the eastern part of Wasit Governorate, with an area of (5029.12) km2. The study area is located geographically in the eastern part of Iraq and northeast of Wasit Governorate. It is bordered by the Islamic Republic of Iran to the east, Baghdad and Diyala provinces to the north, Aziziyah district to the west, and Maysan province to the south. Geographically, the study area lies between longitude (30-45° - 35-46°) east and latitude (30-32° - 30-33°) north. Modern technologies such as satellite imagery were utilized to produce maps, and ministries such as the Ministry of Water Resources were consulted. The study concludes that human activity contributes significantly to the desertification process, making areas susceptible to wind erosion by breaking down fragmented soil. Overgrazing also contributes to deforestation and the destruction of archaeological sites, resulting in various landforms found in Sheikh Saad, Ajlat, and Shihabi in the eastern part of Wasit Governorate. These areas are prone to sand dunes formation due to wind and water erosion, posing a threat to agricultural production. Human activities such as quarrying, groundwater drilling, and involvement in military conflicts for defensive purposes also play a significant role in shaping landforms. Additionally, humans use rocks to build flood barriers and support natural protection measures

This study aims to assess and analyze the water quality of water channels in Al-Harthah district, southern Iraq, using eight key physical and chemical indicators. These indicators include ambient air temperature, water temperature, electrical conductivity, water transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, and oxidation-reduction potential. Measurements were conducted at 124 sampling stations during both winter and summer of the year 2022. Aquameter and Seechi disk were used for measurements.
The study found an increase in electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and oxidation-reduction potential values, along with a decrease in dissolved oxygen quantity and water transparency. These values tend to increase in summer compared to winter, indicating that the water quality in the study area tends towards salinity, turbidity, and oxidizing environment. The study also indicated some statistical correlations among the studied variables.

The current study aimed to identify the degree of functional rotation practice and its relationship with the level of managerial efficiency among directors of primary education schools in the governorates of Al-Dakhiliyah and North Al-Sharqiyah in the Sultanate of Oman. To achieve the study's objectives, the descriptive correlational method was used, and to collect data about the phenomenon, the researchers developed a questionnaire that was applied to a sample consisting of (97) male and female directors.

The study concluded a set of results, the most important of which are: The degree of functional rotation practice in primary education schools in the governorates of Al-Dakhiliyah and North Al-Sharqiyah in the Sultanate of Oman was found to be high. The results also showed that the level of managerial efficiency among directors of primary education schools in the governorates of Al-Dakhiliyah and North Al-Sharqiyah in the Sultanate of Oman was high. The study's results also revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between all dimensions of functional rotation and the dimensions of managerial efficiency among directors of primary education schools in the governorates of Al-Dakhiliyah and North Al-Sharqiyah in the Sultanate of Oman. In light of the study's results, a set of recommendations were presented, the most prominent of which are: Working on enhancing the level of managerial efficiency associated with the technical field among school directors, and framing the process of functional rotation for school directors in the Sultanate of Oman at the central level.

Abstract:
This research focuses on the topic of "Diversity of Actor Performance in Children's Theater" due to its significant impact on children's personalities as well as its role as an educational and cultural tool in engaging children through the actor's performance and diversity in embodying theatrical characters through physical performance, vocal interaction, and songs that invite fun and entertainment. The performance aspect constitutes a fundamental and essential element of this theater, regardless of its components and objectives. The diversity of this theater requires the actor to understand the styles and diversity compatible with the theatrical character in various forms of children's theater. Therefore, this research is structured into four chapters. The first chapter addresses the research problem within its question (Can the actor in children's theater recognize the performance diversity to embody the theatrical character in children's theater?), followed by the significance of the research and its objectives. The research aims to understand the diversity of actor performance and theatrical techniques in children's theater through embodying characters and forms. The research specified the time frame between (2010-2022) and within the spatial boundaries (children's theater in Iraq), which framed the subject's boundaries (diversity of actor performance in children's theater represented by the works of Iraqi children's theater). The research identified the key linguistic and terminological terms (diversity, performance, children's theater) and the procedural definition. The second chapter encompasses the theoretical framework, which resulted from the theoretical framework and previous studies, comprising two sections: the actor's work with oneself and the preparation of the actor for a character in children's theater. The third chapter covers the research procedures and includes the research methodology used, adopting the descriptive-analytical method. The researcher intentionally selected the research sample to serve the research purpose. The fourth chapter presents an overview of the results and conclusions derived from those results:
1. The performance diversity of the actor (Talal Hassan - character Abu Al-Baloons) was demonstrated through lightness of movement and theatrical performance nuances among children, with parallel reactions in presenting the theatrical character performance.
2. The actor's performance in (character Abu Yousef) was distinguished by his performance abilities and physical mobility in diagnosing and accurately portraying the character's actions in the theatrical presentation integration.
3. The actors in the play (The Secret of Success) achieved an interactive ability with the environmental context and established an interactive relationship based on intellectual, imaginative, and creative harmony between them.

Abstract:
The study tackles tense shifts in the translation of the Glorious Quranic (GQ) into English. It is observed that translators may resort to a shift in tense in order to convey the merit of the original meaning. "And then, some Ayahs are chosen to tackle this issue. The study involves five translators (chosen from different authentic groups) with (12) Ayahs (chosen arbitrarily). The translators are Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali & Muhammad Muhsin Khan, A.J. Arberry, Talal Itani, Sahih International, and N. J. Dawood. The Ayahs are mostly from part (30). The study begins with theoretical concepts about shifts among languages (Catford), focusing on level shifts, and category shifts, and then, Newmark, Jean-Paul Vinay, and Jean Darbelnet, Bear in mind, that the primary focus of this study is to show shifts rather than evaluating the translators". It is concluded that a shift in tense preserves the meaning of the original text. This study recommended that in order to improve their translations, translators should sometimes consider tense shifts particularly, between languages from different families.

Abstract:
The current study aims at analyzing nominalization expressions problems or mistakes made by translation throughout their translation for media text by using different methos of translation (MT and paper dictionary) then the results given will be compared in order to decide which method is better for handling such nominalization expressions problem. To achieve the purpose of this study, a validated and reliable media English text of as a test was used. It was given to a sample consists of 20 translation students, and the sample was selected from fourth year students. The students were asked to translate the English media text into Arabic. The collected data were analyzed and investigated quantitatively and qualitatively. The results revealed unaccepted level of students in translating these lexical; as a result of “Wrong Word Usage” that has achieved and led to an appropriate translation. In addition to low extend in dealing with their functional meaning circulated by a number of problems. The most committed problems were related to students’ unfamiliarity with English nominalization expressions, in addition to their failure in achieving the exact English equivalence of English nominalizations included within the text been translated during the test.