The Arab Gulf

Abstract:
Abdo Khal, a Saudi Arabian writer, issued a set of novels and collections of stories by which we can see the effect of the textual thresholds in referring to their hidden and clear internal manifestations. During the second Gulf crisis in the early nineties of the twentieth century, those thresholds showed a clear correlation between the text and what it refers to. Thus, the icon (the portrait) revealed the secrets and significance of the novel, and it used the black and beige colours to clarify their deposits on the case. As well as the title of the novel, the name of the author, the publishing house that published the novel, and finally the literary genre of the artwork of the novel. All of these thresholds were significant, confirming what the writer started from referring to that we live in a state of barking in our official, social and even emotional relationships.

Abstract:
The Iraqi sociologist Dr. Ali Al-Wardi considers as one of the earlier Arabian sociologist who functionalizes sociology in studying of Arab literature in terms of its poetry and prose. His social opinions about Arabic literature are distinct with openness and audacity. He invites to integral method in criticizing Arab literature that based on social and artificial bases. According to him, literature is social-artificial phenomena; as a result there is a relationship between critic and sociologist. His book (the Legend of High Literature) is an objective scientific review for Arab literature and its genres. Furthermore, this book can be considered as a social criticism for it.

Abstract:
Context is a very important aspect of stating the semantic of a singular word within Quranic text, to be preponderant semantics among several semantics of the word, but also the basic point stating what the reader or even listener might not understand, leading many scholars to credit it with clarifying odd words in the Quranic text in accordance with Arab accents so that such tense words are found in several context: Excluding verses, paragraphs, and Suras (Chapters) from the context of Quranic text when such a word appears in multiple sentences within the text will make the reader and listener unable to understand and may deteriorate the required semantic to reach the reader/mind listener's about the Quranic word. The purpose of this study is to determine the consequences of omitting strange words from Quranic multi-contexts, as mentioned in Abi Hayan AL-(Tuhfat Andalusian's Al-Areeb in What Odd in the Quranic Weird Words) (Died in 745 A.H.)

Abstract:
The study falls within the scope of modern computational linguistic studies, and I attempted to keep track of the most important modern technologies for Arabic language applications that have been implemented in computer systems and smart phones. The study was put into practice on the ground in a variety of artificial intelligence fields, with the United Arab Emirates leading the way as one of the Arab countries that benefited the most from the use of the Arabic language in artificial intelligence applications through government institutions, as well as spreading a culture of awareness of the importance of these technological applications among Emirati society members.

Abstract:
The grammatical rule is a standard used by Arab grammarians to assess the validity of structures and spoken sentences in determining the success of communication between the speaker and the addressee. They arrived at this conclusion by extrapolating the Arabs' language, despite their differences, and they formulated a general rule that communication should be plain and unambiguous in order to achieve informativeness in comprehending the meaning and obtaining the benefit.

Abstract:
Linguists and rhetoricians had the advantage of pioneering the emergence of the first nucleus of phonemic formation, and this achievement came from their deep and intensive study of many phonetic phenomena in language, such as the phenomenon of repetition, naturalization, pairing, problems, phonemic fit, and other phenomena that enrich the sound's compatibility and harmony in direction, and put them in different vocal patterns. This manifested itself on two levels. The first is the study of sounds in their various qualities and exits, and the second is the study of sounds in their various linguistic systems and contexts, as well as the relationship between these two levels and the semantic aspect, which studies meaning. For this reason, modernists dubbed sound formation systems (phonology) or the physiology of sounds, which means the organization of sounds in special linguistic patterns that contribute to linking the audial and linguistic systems.

Abstract:
This study concerned with searching for one of the political, regional alliances and blocs of an Islamic character, namely the Islamic alliance that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia sought to establish since the late fifties, in which it, in subsequent years, formed the nucleus for the establishment of the Organization of the Islamic Conference which was the aim of King Faisal bin Abdulaziz .The establishment of this alliance was the mobilization of the Arab conservatives in one front against the revolutionaries among them. The positions of the Arab countries varied between supporters, supporters and oppositions, while some considered it a colonial alliance aimed at falling into the arms of the major countries, Britain and the United States of America, and the latter expressed their support and support for the alliance since Its first beginnings in 1957 because it was found in order to preserve its vital interests in the region.

Abstract:
From the beginning of the civil war in Lebanon in 1975 AD, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait have endeavored, with all their efforts and political and economic weight, to find a solution to this war, which had its internal and external causes, and both countries worked between the parties. Conflicting inside Lebanon, and the external level bet together to achieve this at the internal level, trying to bring points of view between Egypt, Syria and the Palestine Liberation Organization, which had a great influence on the Lebanese interior. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait have expanded at this early stage of the civil ravages in Lebanon to the Arabization of the Lebanese crisis through the conference of Riyadh and the conference of Cairo held in October 1976 and the establishment of the Arab Deterrence Forces.

Abstract:
Mecca, in the pre-Islamic period, was a small city located in a dry valley surrounded by mountains on all sides. People flocked to Mecca and they began to settle there when the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) and his son Ismail (peace be upon him) erected the rules of the Kaaba in which Mecca was one of the Arab metropolises. Mecca was one of the important cities in Arab and Islamic history due to its geographical location. The study focused on the location of Mecca in the Hijaz region and its terrain in terms of mountains and hills, and then shed light on the causes and factors that led to the emergence of this metropolis, especially the religious factor, which is a major factor in its emergence. The study dealt with the extent of the success of the people of Mecca in exploiting their religious and commercial status in establishing internal and external relations, especially with the Arab tribes around them and their relations with neighboring countries.

The paper is an attempt to explain the importance of using computer programs in humanitarian disciplines, especially history, and to explain the possibility of converting historical narratives into data by using one of the great programs in data creation known as (Access). It also aims to provide models and applied examples.

The present paper aims at identifying the demographic, economic, and social characteristics of the poor population in Basra city. The descriptive and analytical method has been used. The questionnaire was adopted as a tool to collect information and data from a random sample of the poor population in Basra city. The data included (4400) forms, distributed to all The 56 residential neighborhoods in the city during the year 2019. The research resulted in a number of findings, the most notable of which revealed that Al-Hussein / Al-Murabba neighborhood has the highest levels of poverty, followed by the midwives / military secretariats, and finally Al-Qaim neighborhood, with the majority of the poor being married couples who rely on their families for a living. In addition, they are unable to support themselves due to a lack of financial resources. This prompted others to beg, as well as their poor housing status, which has an impact on their health and educational situations, as well as a slew of other issues that are mirrored in the city's social and security situation.

Abstract:
In the twentieth century, the world witnessed a significant increase in the number of widowed women as a result of several factors (political, economic and security). These factors played a role in the variation of the number of widows in all cities of the world, including Iraqi cities. This paper deals with a study of the real situation of widows in the city of Shatt al-Arab for the year 2020 in order to identify and study this phenomenon from a demographic housing point of view in the city. The researcher depended on researches, studies and library sources, as well as a field survey. Questionnaire was also conducted by organizing (541) forms distributed to residential neighborhoods in the city of (100%) of the total widows in the city.

Abstract:
The study of the functional structure of the city has a great importance because it concerned with studying all the functions and services of city that it provides to its residents mainly and then submitting it to its urban region secondarily. The study of the functional structure of the city of Al-madaina is of great importance as it studies the internal structure of the city and the extent of its development over the years and what has resulted from this development like the changes that occurred in the functional uses of the land until the city became what it is today. The study aims to address the residential, commercial and industrial functions, as well as studying the services provided by the city to its residents in terms of educational, health, entertainment and other services. The study addresses the most important problems that these services suffer from. This study ended with conclusions and recommendations.

Abstract:
This paper deals with the impact of the ethnic group of the Iraqi population on political stability after the change in the system of government in 2003 due to the importance of this structure in the power of the state. The study showed that Iraq includes a group of national and religious ethnicities, and that there is a peaceful coexistence between them. It fulfills all its aspirations, and these ethnicities have an extension with neighboring countries that contributed to external interference and posed a threat to political stability, which necessitates work to solve ethnic problems in Iraq through the formation of permanent committees in the House of Representatives and the political participation of all those ethnicities. The application of administrative decentralization, comprehensive and sustainable development Conducting an accurate population census, spreading the culture and arts of all components of the Iraqi people, and confronting the plans of Western countries and Salafi currents to consecrate the spirit of national, religious and sectarian division with the sole Iraqi discourse in a manner that guarantees the interest of Iraq and the Iraqi people with all its components.

Abstract:
In 2003, the United States of America invaded and occupied Iraq for geopolitical objectives. First, Iraq's political significance aspires to establish a new political system in Iraq that is diverse in terms of geopolitics. The ambitions of the United States both inside and outside the country, as well as An American decision-maker aimed to compel Iraq to follow American policy. Furthermore, the United States wanted to maintain control over its resources. And economy, with the aim of weakening Iraq's economy, particularly its oil, natural gas, and other resources, as well as increasing their investment in the country and turning it into a gateway to reviving the American economy. Furthermore, it restricts Iraq's potential and prevents it from developing its resources. The United States took an active role in the regional environment to ensure that it did not pose a threat. Israel is a source of threat to the State of Israel, not to mention Christian beliefs and predictions, as well as Judaism, which prompted the US to occupy Iraq. As a result, the goal of this study was to uncover those aspects and offer solutions.

Abstract:
The paper aims at studying the most widespread social networks among people and the extent to which it can be used to inform the beneficiaries of the existence of services that can be used in providing office service including the current awareness service at the Central Public Library in Basra. This paper also tries to find out which of these applications are used in the library and how to interact with the beneficiary as well as the user of these applications with mentioning the most important types of these applications. The study also aims at finding out the advantages and disadvantages of these applications and the role they play in library services. This paper adopted a descriptive approach, a case study, trying to collect the necessary data via the interview and questionnaire tools, analyzing these data and arriving at the most important findings and recommendations

Abstract:
Those unfamiliar with Al-Sayyab may not know other than the poet Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab had other beautiful creations such as translation, for example. The project and the caution contained, but translation as a whole is a beautiful art and craft for the translator who is trying to express particular ordinary writing, which is the process of translating some passages, sentences, or texts in which the translator is not responsible for the merits of that translation. In the ordinary text, which is the translation of literary texts, whether they are poetry, prose, or play, translation requires that the translator be a poet or at least familiar with the poetic inspiration and its details because the translated text will judge the translator with spiritual provisions that he must understand; otherwise, the text will become a document of a nonliterary text devoid of literariness. , and if the translator perfects his tools, knowledge, and expertise in poetry and its fluctuations, and tries to transfer the poetic text into a poem in Arabic, this is the height of creativity and sincerity in the translation integrity that distinguishes one translator from another, and this is what happened in his case On our creative poet al-Sayyab, who was translating literary texts (poetry and story), but excelled in them. He is a poet who knows about poetry and writing, so his translation showed that he was conscious and in the status of an expert craftsman, and two things govern him. The best of those who appreciate the poet or the prose writer of the text are his efforts, and thus he acts as the faithful translator.