Regional Studies Journal

Abstract
Since its foundation on August, 9291923, Regional Studies Center (Turkish previously) at ‎Mosul University had been deeply interested in studying Islamic Republics of Central Asia, its ‎Culture, attitudes from international affairs its internal developments and foreign policy. The ‎book entitled, "Republics of Central Asia and Caucasus, Historical Roots and Regional ‎Relations " issued by the Center in 1995 Was one of the most Significant books in the field. ‎The Republics of Central Asia have been emerged after the dissolution of USSR, among of ‎which is Turkomanstan in the beginning of 1991’s, a number of professors and researchers like ‎prof.Dr. Ibrahim KhaliL Al – Alaff, prof. Dr. KhaliL Ali Murad, prof. Dr. Adbul-Jabar Abed ‎Mustafa, prof. Dr. Sayar Kawkab Al- Jameel, prof. Dr. Adbul- Munam Rashad, prof Dr. Shafik ‎Abdul- Razak Al-Samraee, Dr. Salah Al-Din Amain Taha, Dr. Nabeel Mohammed Saleem, Prof. ‎Dr. Aoni Alssabawi and Dr. Talal Younis Al- Jalelee to compose this book. Regional Studies ‎Center had adopted the publication of this book. It contains the historical geography of these ‎republics and the adminstrstion of both Arabs and Moslems to these regions during middle ‎Ages as well as the relation between Arabs and Turks, the Turkish- Iranian struggle, the ‎Armenian Question, the independent republics and the dimension of the regional changes. Iraqi ‎researchers who participated in this book and most of them worked at Mosul and Baghdad ‎universities. Turkomanstan is an area in which Moslems adhere to Islam and their Soviet ‎domain keeping their values inspite of many difficulties. The Turkoman community stayed ‎organized in groups and kept to certain extent the independence in opinion and freedom the ‎Soviet anthorities couldn't be able to make any change it did in other places. The Turkoman ‎community was able to keep the national identity and deserved respect. This book was the ‎prime of so many studies and papers in this field and the writer of these lines is happy to inform ‎the participants of the conference that he had shared in this book and supervised M.A thesis ‎submitted to the council of college of Arts, University of Mosul in 9111 entitled "Turkey and ‎Islamic Republics of Central Asia 1995-1995".‎

Abstract
Nowadays, most of the countries throughout the world give great importance to the scientific research as one of the fundamental pillars for the development of their economies, especially at the present time where competition is becoming very strong in the different areas.
As a result these countries sought to update the various academic programs and curricula on the basis of seeking the scientific developments by making available all the financial means, material and human potential in the belief that scientific research is the basis for progress and prosperity of any country.
Some developing countries have realized in the recent decades that the contribution of the scientific research in the economic growth under different dimensions achieving impressive results in this area, Malaysia was one of those countries, the Arab countries including Algeria has tried in recent years, the renew and reform of higher education and scientific research through several reforms dealing especially with the organizational and structural aspects, but so far they have not reached the level of developed countries.

Abstract
The current research is depend on the idea that there is an economic, political, educational and ideological conflict, like the civilization conflict that means globalization which also means (lonely and unconstancy) that converse to wide world which means comfortable and business changing. so as are searcher I can connect between the idea of krishaam law in Economic with the idea of American civilization which regarded as a bad coin that impeads the good coin like the original Islamic civilizations from the universal dictionary and called them as a terrorism. At last I give some findings and suggestion that deals with this problem which have an Economic, political, educational and ideological dimentions.

Abstract The research deals with the development of PKK problem in Turkey and its implications on Turkish-U.S relations during the years of ruling Justice and Development party (AKP), especially after the U.S occupation of Iraq in 9111, as the United States became a close to the consequences of this problem by virtue of its military occupation of Iraq, and control it, and launching attacks of this party in Turkey from camps in northern Iraq, and thus become more interested than before in dealing with this problem and to cooperate with Turkey in this area.

Abstract
Turkey is trying to establish the principle of selling water to some countries that in need of water in the Middle East region through completing water foundations on the river of Manavgat in Antalya on the Mediterranean for selling water to countries such Greek Islands, Palestine, Egypt , and finally Libya which agreed on the project for providing it by (3-4) water tanker to transport it to Libyan city of Tobruk, and then to reservoirs which is considered as a unique experience .

Abstract
Economic Intelligence has become a new source for economic units in getting competitive ‎advantage and achieving profit through functioning technologies to get the accurate ‎information with high quality value and reliability. Treatment and diffusion of information in ‎order to reduce uncertainty in the process of making strategic decisions.‎‏ ‏One of the most ‎significant fields in applying economic intelligence is the field of electronic commerce for the ‎marketspace are considered a source for value added and a fertile place in getting information ‎and using these information in rational way.‎‏ ‏Also knowing the type of competitors, the essence ‎of new digital and physical services and products that can be marketing, and searching for new ‎investments, knowing the sort of present and propable customers, their needs and wants, ‎knowing more profitable services and products. Also the competent planning of advertising ‎campaigns in order to increase the opportunities of promotion the sales and providing new ‎channels of sales, supplying services and products, improving and distributing them, and ‎decreasing cycle time in reaching these products & services to the consumers.‎‏ ‏In other words, ‎the economic intelligence applications in the field of electronic commerce is considered a ‎fertile field to achieve more revenues in the light of knowledge –based economy, which is ‎considered the most expanded, competitive and profitale economy.‎

Abstract
Iraq-Turkish relations are considered as deeper and more distinctive than other Turkish ‎relations with Arab countries and that is because of the geographical location and the economic ‎cultural strategic considerations. In the current study a light was shed on the on the following ‎pivots; the first one talked about the positive historical depth of the Iraqi- Turkish relations, ‎while the‏ ‏second one talked about the factors of strength and success of these relations in‏ ‏accordance with‏ ‏considerations of geographical neighboring, strategic considerations, mutual ‎religious historical ties addition to the ethnic overlap, the cultural inheritance , and the ‎economic factor, The third pivot talked put forth a mechanism for the sake of building ‎permanent and parallel relations through the following points :‎
‎1. The problem of waters.‎
‎4. The relation with Israel .‎
‎3. Non interference in internal affairs .‎

Abstract
The crisis of nuclear program of Iran represented the most significant circle in American-Iranian relations during the past decade. Since transforming the nuclear program to Security Council on February 2009, the American side had become a direct party in negotiations Known (5+1) i.e. permanent members of Security Council with Germany.
The American changed their strategy towards that program. When they were seeing that Iran should not gain nuclear technology, they started declaring the possibility of Iran's gaining that technology on the condition that it should not use it for military use, has become a firm U.S. position toward the Iranian nuclear program, Regardless of the U.S. president was a Republican or Democrat

Abstract
It has became the climate polices of food security implications of the changing on the size and stability of world food markets and the likely level of prices prevailing view "because developed countries usually offer subsidies to their agricultural sectors while imposing developing countries taxes in most cases, therefore, the impact of Reform policies on the global markets are almost non- effective. has resulted in policies related to dignifying stability on the overall economy in many developing countries to a severe increase in food prices due to correct the exchange rates and reduce subsidies for food and clear from the analysis of high relative importance of foreign aid and reserves inventories and government taxes that they were the same impact significant positive balances in the value of commodity grains. so must re-examine the policies supported by the International Monetary Fund should be the rationalization of public finances and improve the financial policies and the transfer of tax breaks to a flat tax appropriate to the type of foreign investment with the economic gains achieved by.

Abstract
Area is Arabic Gulf of the most important centers for the production of oil and stocks strategic global, making it one of the most polluted areas in the world, as the cause of this pollution raised the toll in human and animal, and I have been addressing this pollution by using several techniques, as well as legislation of laws to reduce pollution but that the factors contaminated, most notably water leakage through the balance will lead to the outbreak of serious risks, especially with the presence of more than 57% of the world's proven oil reserves in the countries of the Arabic Gulf.

Abstract
Foreign trade is the base engine for economic growth for countries in the world, whether developed or developing, it has expanded among those countries, especially after the emergence of economic blocs and the World Trade Organization, where you can not be isolated from each other in two essential aspects: first, export the surplus production of capital goods, intermediate and primary and consumer goods to other countries, and import of capital goods and intermediate to contribute to the economic growth of the Section of them, as well as the importation of consumer goods for the needs of the growing domestic demand, including especially the developing countries, as the research aims to identify trends in the evolution of Turkish foreign trade and economic growth during the period (0991 - 9119), based on the research hypothesis that there is evolution in the foreign trade total Turkish as well as on the evolution of components of the Commodity Structure of Foreign Trade of Turkey as a structure exports, particularly manufactured goods and the structure of imports particularly of capital goods and agricultural and industrial, has been the adoption of the method of analysis of descriptive and quantitative through the collection and tabulation of data and information on Turkish foreign trade by relying on official sources.

Abstract
The economic development concept passed in many developments and the capitalism economic ‎development ideology was concerned in how to generate the increasing of national income. ‎After that another concept appeared which is the basic needs concept, but the application
of this concept requires high economic cost under the pressure of population growth in the ‎developing countries, add to that the increasing pressure by international institutions on these ‎countries to apply the economic reforms policy and structural adjustment which led to reduce ‎the public expenditure that increased the difficulty of application of the basic needs concept, ‎the matter which led to find a new concept for development interested in economic resources ‎and preserving the environment.‎‏ ‏The attainment of this kind of economic development requires ‎many things that concern the state role that is named "The sustainable human development ‎concept and rational governance" which include the prevalence of democracy, law governance ‎and the people contribution in making decisions which concerns their life. The last concept ‎included all that because it contains a number of constituents such as equity, productivity, ‎sustainability, and contribution and these are basic constituents for sustainable development.‎‏ ‏This study aims to explain the implication of this concept and to know its ability to meet the ‎needs of the developing countries. This concept springs from a hypothesis saying "that the ‎sustainable human development might not help to achieve the goals of developing countries ‎unless it was part of comprehensive strategy".‎‏ ‏The result which reached through this study ‎came to be consistent with the researcher's hypothesis.‎