Journal Human Sciences

This paper considers the stylistic significance and effects of metaphor in Biblical texts of retribution. It aims to test the applicability of stylistics to Biblical texts of retribution. It is hypothesized that: (a) retribution texts serve as data of analysis for examining the applicability of stylistics (b) these texts utilize metaphor to achieve certain stylistic significance and effects. So, to analyze the data under scrutiny and achieve the aims, the study develops an eclectic model. The analysis has come up with a number of conclusions that verify the post

The current study is carried out in the field of Critical Discourse Analysis (henceforth CDA) for the analysis of articles taken from New York Times (henceforth NYC), as a representative for American media. The study rises the following questions: (1) How radical Islamists groups are tackled linguistically in the discourse of American newspapers? (2) Which type of modality is used heavily to reflect the ideologies of American newspapers? (3) Do American newspapers rely on a specific trigger in the production of news? (4) Do American newspapers consider radical Muslims as if they were representative for Islam or not? The study aims at: (1) Analyzing linguistically the discourse of newspapers to know what is the role of the American writers in the reproduction of racism, and discrimination in their discourse. (2) Examining the role of modality in presenting issues related to radical Islamists. (3) Finding out which presupposition trigger is used mostly in American newspapers. (4) Explaining the western view to Islam and Muslims. To achieve the aims of this study the following procedures are presented: (1) presenting a brief review about CDA and Radical Islamists. (2) Discussing the model used. (3) Analyzing the articles following van Dijk Dijk’s “News discourse” (1988) which is taken to handle the linguistic level of the study. Concerning the ideological level, van Dijk ‘s “Ideological Square” (1995b) is used. The study also uses Yule’s (1996) for the analysis of presupposition triggers.

It is significant to be familiar with the relational indicators in the structure of jokes. This is considered as among the essential steps to disclose the underlying rhetorical and relational structure of texts in general and those of jokes in specific. In other words, relational indicators are one of the basic ways by which a reader can correctly and efficiently decode a text. This paper investigates the role of three kinds of relational indicators in a corpus of some jokes taken from "She Stoops to Conquer" to disclose the underlying rhetorical patterns, viz., the problem-solution patterns. The study comes out with the main finding that these patterns have different variations which are governed by the nature of their constituent elements and the way these elements interrelate. Based on its findings, the study comes out with a number of conclusions concerning how jokes are hierarchically structured and the role played by the relational indicators in such texts.

This study attempts to present an intertextual analysis of two texts, the American Constitution (henceforth, AC) , as one of the earliest secular written documents. It is written to regulate people's lives in America after the war of independence in the 18th century and Imam Ali's (p.b.u.h.) Epistle to Malik Al-Ashter (henceforth, IAE) as one of the earliest Islamic documents that is written in the 6th century for Malik Al-Ashter to help him in managing people's lives in Egypt. The two texts affect and affected by other texts. The study aims at showing how both texts are drawn on other texts and are influenced by them. Accordingly, it is hypothesised that AC is influenced by the Magna Charta whereas IAE is influenced by the Holy Quran and Prophet's Mohammed (p.b.u.h.) tradition. To investigate this hypothesis and reach the aim, the next procedure is followed: (1) Presenting a theoretical background of intertextual analysis. (2) Analysing the two texts selected according to Bazerman (2004) model of analysis.

Inam Kachachi's novel, Tashari (2013), is about a Christian Iraqi woman, a doctor and a mother who relates the story of an Iraqi dispersed family seeking a homeland that is sliding from the hands of its citizens looking for another place to belong to. The novel previews the late circumstances, after 2003, that makes the Iraqi Muslim-Christian community split on itself.

This study tries hard to discuss the cultural memory issues in a context different from that of postcolonial novel.
This context is basically interested in memory and memory in action where the latter controls a narrative discourse resists any sort of termination.
If remembering is an ideal formula to retrieve past, a place, a narrative and a world had gone and fallen apart, termination in this sense in no doubt is an elimination of trace.
The discourse of postcolonialism used history as a criterion to analyze colonial discourse and literature of colonized people with. In such policy we underestimated the memory and its issues, in mean time deprived the analysis from vast and major possibilities.
One has to admit memory studies are a developing main critical instrument, and certainly main critical body, so far, spinning around Edward Said theories.
Nevertheless, the body of these studies did not produce an Arabic knowledge with the shape or the model of the colonialism that founded modern Arabic states/ countries.
This is a major issue Arab critics had to start from.
But instead they chose to extend the body of Said theories, plus what any share added by his colleagues.
The Arabic criticism repeated the same thoughts, I am afraid, yet it neglected the memories and related matters.