Regional Studies Journal

The Arab countries started by putting plans and programs to the
economic development since 1960's from the past century and because
of the limitation of the local financial resources to the most of these
countries to face the economic development requirements and the
difficulty of getting the local alternative resources go to the
international financial institutions to borrow. The theoretical
justification that the foreign loan supports the local saving and led to
decrease the gap between the saving and investment requirements and
this led to increase the demand and led to arise of foreign debt problem
and increase the financial loads to serve these debts

This paper deals with the protests that took place in Turkey in June 2013 following the government\'s determination to develop the Gezi park near Taksim Square and setting up a business and building a military barracks dating back to the Ottoman era. Initially led the activists in the field of environmental protests and then evolved to include Turkish opposition and widened in many provinces of Turkey. The Turkish government faced these protests and used water cannons and tear gas, prompting a lot of international reactions, particularly in the European Union, which condemned the government\'s practices against the demonstrations and called for calm and restraint, which ultimately led to strained relations between Turkey and the European Union and postponed accession negotiations six months.

The current study aimed at estimate the impact of oil exports and the effect other economic variables in the economic performance in Iraq for the period 1985-2011. The standard method was used in analyzing the results using the multiple linear regression analysis and the stepwise، Throughout the estimation process، it was clear that (93%) of the changes in the economic performance that are interpreted by the oil exports with a positive and significant effect and the direct foreign investment, and the total consumption with a positive and statistically significant effect. The imports come to have low positive effect in the estimated model. The indications of the model parameters showed that the estimated results were in correspondence with the economic theory and it was evident that oil exports are the most influential economic variables on the economic performance.

Quickly spread the winds of change to Libya, having swept the movement of change in Tunisia and Egypt and these revolutions has been able to achieve the demands of the Tunisian and Egyptian people to dislodge the ruling system in them, and do a new national government seeks to achieve the demands of the people. And characterized by the Movement Change in Libya as violent and powerful analogy movements change other Arab predecessors, and that led to international intervention to topple the regime in Libya, and thanks to international intervention and insistence of the Libyan people to make a difference could the Libyan people to achieve their demands to dislodge the regime in Libya.
The judgment of the Libyan revolution and evaluate its course in the coming years, it will be through the achievement of its objectives primarily, but more importantly it is a success, which is still waiting for the Libyan people who produced this revolution, is to achieve political and economic demands and social which they sacrificed.

This study aimed at identifying the political corruption in Israel especially among the ruling elites. It detected cases in which the former prime minister Areil Sharon had been accused in corruption-related suits as the top military and political figure in Israel in the present time.
the researcher found that the multiplicity of past and current corruption investigations have not reflected the true picture of the Israeli democracy but reflects the numerous of corruption in society and establishment. These facts can't be explained within the existence of a large number of corrupted political figures. Despite Sharon had not been indicted, a lot of people think that there is some kind of link between businessmen and states men and also had a clear content of both of the Israeli law and justice as a result of issuing a prison sentences against Sharon and other ministers in the government

The Russian - Georgian war, which erupted in August 2008 is an important event in the contemporary history of the Caucasus region due to the diversity and overlapping of factors that led to the outbreak of the armed conflict and the changes brought about by the outcome of this war in the nature of relations among the regional and international parties of this conflict which has got a large part of its spatial and temporal importance since it is in a vital area of the political, economic and security rivalry (after the cold war) between Russia on the one hand and the United States and the West on the other.

The Research advancement by hypothesis that the Impact fluctuations of exchange rates contribute significantly toassess changes in the rates of economic growth from its effect on (Export, Import, Domestic Investment , Foreign direct investment) and adopted in the link between the descriptive and quantitative, the first based on theoretical studies, While the practical side adopted to the methods of economical, which is based on the methods of econometric and analysis showed positive significant for both the Exchange rate and Domestic Investment and India Imports, while characterized Exports its impact FDI positively very weak, and the impact of with significant negatively in the economic growth when you exit suddenly and spread from his host country.

The Ottomans rule South Iraq in an unsuitable way composed from difficult alliances unfamiliar with political authority (Al-muntafik, Khzael, Zubyid….) it was natural that those tribes would face the ruler in Basrah and Baghdad and those rulers were interested in collecting taxes to fill the treasure of the Porte to stay in their posts. They also interfered in isolate or a point the shyikhs of the some family. During four centuries, South of Iraq was a stage for armed operations between the state and the Arab tribes.
There fore, these tribes did not like the Ottoman state participating its wealth. Both parties in these wars lost money and men in which they might be invested in other places especially Arab Gulf Region which stayed for from the active ottoman control except Al-Ahsaa. These tribes made more then 50 revolts and took part in more then one hundred battles.