Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

A number of commentators on the son Iin Malik of the owner a number of objections concerning the method is stable on the case from time to time. Fterah little judgment in the position then overruled elsewhere. as well as the contradiction that they found in a section of his speech, which generate sometimes taking the apparent meaning of the words of the workbook, inwhen checked each other in words, to show something to hide from pears and facts absent from the others, to see in a very good and magnificence.
It seems that the main reason for some of these disorders is to forget what previously mentioned the workbook, comes his subseguent a cross than previously reported.
The range of reported examples Altodhah arranged according to their arrival in the book of the facility.

Approaches to grammar varied in their ways of tackling grammatical functions, but they all agreed the triple divition of speech in Arabic.
It\'s always said that the first to be thought, the last to be done! the basic concept of this research is based on the rejection of the triple division of speech in Arabic, taking in account the data of lexical theory that separates vocabulary belonging to the closed grammatical sets , that doesn\'t have the suitable entrance to be derived in dictionary from that belonging to the opened lexical set which has the ability to be derived and expanded . During completion of this research , it was clear that there is an obvious disturbance in the nomenclature of the three parts of speech , estimating the vague lexical meanings , whether adverbs or pronouns or relatives or demonstrations in the department of names , despite the fact that it\'s meaning is not in the word itself , but in it\'s semantic behavior , as it explains the clear contradiction occurred when the grammarians considered the aplastic particles transformed from the verbs as a part of verb\'s section.
And by dividing speech to the previously mentioned sets, it\'s now possible to put different vocabularies that give different grammatical functions by their two parts , whether the ambiguities which are considered as names by the grammarians or tools , in one set which is the closed one.
In addition , the grammatic proposals by its two divisions , became free of exception or customization , as we say for example : the names are either subject or object , and the subject is either nominative or subjunctive we don\'t exclude uninflectionals as we took it out of names category and put a lexical base , which is acceptable in some modern researchers in inflection and uninflection although it is not the critical issue in the semantic consideration , as it may encounter other causes like similarity, abbreviation and others.

Monasticism is the life of reclusion and seclusion. The signs of the Indian reclusion practice and its bases and principals remain unclear for a long period of time. The great efforts of clarifying them go to the Indian monks. The one who follows up these laws notices their inflexibility and extremism. This sect believes that happiness and salvation in the afterlife is in purity and personal honesty, and that human body is the reason behind evil .Human body hinders man of reaching the sought goal. This pushes him to degrade his body and suppress its desires and trends in a harsh way that really makes them an example. Such people form several groups and live in caves, jungles, or forests. Some of them resort to temples , or places near beaches of the sacred rivers . They used to practice a kind of cruel physical sport to torture the body with violent ways besides fasting and deprivation .Many Indians are attracted by the acts of those people. This results in the expansion of these principles and methods in different areas of the world.

Thank God Almighty , compliment for who Deserves , Prayer and peace be upon my lord and master and patrons ( God willing ) in Doomsday , Muhammad, peace be upon him At the end of this research, I want to record the most important results that can be drawn from this letter in the following points :
1 - follower qubaisah bin Dhu'ayb (may Allah have mercy on him) have a one hadith in the call to prayer (adhan) .
2 - follower qubaisah bin Dhu'ayb (may Allah have mercy on him) have a two hadith's in prayer .
3 - follower qubaisah bin Dhu'ayb (may Allah have mercy on him) have a two hadith's in Zakah .
4 – the follower qubaisah bin Dhu'ayb (may Allah have mercy on him) have ( 5 ) hadith's in adhan , prayer and Zakah . ( 2 ) of them are True and ( 3 ) are Weak .

That what the super power and the other colleagues in the government refused to support, and support them. The importance of the European Agreement was not a line in time that Salisbury did not do Russian Xia little to curb the Ottoman Empire at the same time Salisbury refused to support any policy of supporting the cause hostility. With Russia.

Included this research adducing for communiqué the Names (AL – Samerha)and the relation among this Names and included communiqué origin Samaritans in the Israelite Sons and them history , and included Samaritans history in alcaldes age (kings age) ,and in the Unity kingdom age, and in the Shaulle king age (Talute).

Following World War II, the student activities were resumed after removing the martial law in Egypt asking the e3vacuaiton and achieving the unity of the Nile valley countries (Egypt and Sudan). During that period, Sidki Pasha began to appear on the theatre of events anew.
To sooth the situation and to absorb the anger of Egyptian people, Sidki Pasha began to approach students and workers. He tried to release the detained students. He congratulated them for their national feelings and pledges to defend the country.
The period required the foundation of student\'s committees as the students of Egypt were able to participate in the general political events led by the frame of the \"national and worker committee\" which is regarded one of the main leadership that expressed the political will of the middle class,
The events of February 1946 proved to be a turning point in the turning point in the trends of the national movement. For the first time it determine the national struggle for political independent that did not and found new national movement. The new leadership should represent the students.
In 1946, Sidki pasha arrived at a new agreement with Britain. He faced many internal problems specially the problem of reclaiming peace and controlling the situation in order to find negotiators. That led to pursue of students, workers and intellectuals who asked for the evacuation of the British forces.
It is clear to us from the above that the students and their executes had an impact on the national movement of the confrontation for the project of Sidki-Begen and to deem it failure.

The relationship between the west-especially the German- and the Islamic world has witnessed many ups and downs due to the international events, yet the two sides have always had some sort of peaceful links that this study has displayed and proved may instances of them.

This research aims to identify the impact model Marzano in the acquisition of concepts rhetorical when fifth graders literary To achieve this goal, follow the researchers determined The control part consists of two groups, one experimental and the other officer, as selected researchers is my intention to fifth graders literary from junior Sahl ibn Sahl al-Saadi for Boys of the Directorate of Education in Baghdad - Rusafa third for the academic year 2012 - 2013, for the purpose of applying the experience .
And the keenness of the researchers before the start experience on a par Students Group Search statistically in the number of variables that they believe that they affect the safety of the experiment which (test mental ability and language, students' grades in Arabic for the previous year, chronological age measured in months, and the educational attainment of the parents .
Educational material was determined to be taught, which included a number of topics from the book of rhetoric for literary fifth grade for the academic year (2012 - 2013) in Iraq, and in light of the content of the concepts were identified's rhetorical .
(11) concept rhetorical; for the purpose of achieving the objective of this research guided by the operations of the three adopted by the (definition of the concept, and indistinguishable, and circulated) and then the researchers prepare purposes behavioral be achieved on the operations acquired, and in the light of those concepts prepared by researchers targets behavioral and plans teaching atypical belong to both the two groups .
The search tool was tested acquire concepts rhetoric, which included (30) paragraph test-type multiple-choice measure three processes to acquire the concept rhetorical, was sure of his sincerity and firmness and strength discriminatory and effective alternatives Almkhtuh and coefficient of difficulty, continued the search experience classrooms fully represent semester first of the academic year (2012 - 2013) and applied researchers at the end of the test to gain experience concepts to see how students acquire two sets of search rhetorical concepts that have been studied during the duration of the experiment
The adopted test (t-test) for the two samples independent data processing Statistically, the results showed superiority students of the experimental group who studied the according model Marzanually students of the control group who studied the traditional way to test the acquisition of concepts, rhetorical, and in the light of the results of research recommended that researchers with a number of recommendations. It is the most important:
1.The adoption of a model Marzano model pedagogy instrumental in the acquisition of rhetorical concepts.
2 .Teachers urged Arabic and Madrsadtha on the concepts of rhetorical attention of the students rather than conservation deaf.
3 .Developmental preparation courses for teachers of Arabic language and Madrsadtha under the supervision of specialists in ways that professors teaching the Arabic language, providing them with the developments and developments in teaching strategies and models of modern.
The number of proposals is the most important:
1 .A similar study of the current study to other study stages and for different subjects.
2 .Conducting a similar study of the current study variables (critical thinking, and the development of multiple intelligences, and scientific thinking) .

This research aims at identifying the effect of Lavoie's model in acquiring historical concepts by fifth grade pupils, lirerary section. To achieve this aim , the researcher uses a partially controlled design consisting of two groups: an experimental and a controlled group. The researcher chooses a sample from the Iraqi secondary school for girls , Diyala directorate of Education . The sample consists of two groups:
1- the experimental group with a total number of 30 pupils from section B taught the European modern and contemporary History using Lavoie's
2- the controlled group with a total number of 30 pupils from section C , taught the European modern and contemporary history using the traditional method. The researcher equates the variables of the two groups ( achievement tests, intelligence, age , final scores of History for fourth grade literary pupils)
The researcher conducts a test of the multiple choice items to measure the acquisition of historical concepts. It consists of 54 items . The test has been verified in terms of its validity , difficulty ,and reliability. The experiment lasts for 12 months followed by implementing a post historical concept test. The researcher uses a number of statistical tools like t- test and shows that the results have been significant for the experimental group which has been taught according to Lavoie's model. The study has come up with a number of recommendations and suggestions for further research.

The first section included two presidents:
the first - the mechanism of action technology Mednik methods, techniques and strategies Subcommittee of.
and the other - the mechanism of expression
The second section has included the relationship between creative thinking and creative written expression was addressed to this by: The relationship between thought and expression, and the relationship between thinking and written expression.
The third section included two parts:
the first - the creative elements of written expression (fluency, flexibility, originality, enrichment to detail, sensitivity to problems).
and the other entrances to teach written expression.

Objective of this research is known effect of the model proposed in the Critical thinking skills of history fifth grade students literary, research sample consisted of (60) student at the rate of (30) students of the experimental group and (30) students of the control group. And researcher has chosen experimental design a disciple partial (the experimental group and the control group) as appropriate to the nature and circumstances of the search, and equal between the two groups search in the following variables (age, IQ,), prepared researcher test Test critical thinking skills tool for consideration and extracted characteristics psychometric testing, and validity and reliability, and used statistical methods following treatment research data (test T-test for independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient), showed results outweigh the experimental group who studied history material using the form proposed by the students of the control group who studied the same article according to the traditional method of Critical thinking skills.

Threw Current search to see three-dimensional system set up Arabic language teachers in colleges of education in Iraq, represented dimension Specialist, which aims to provide the student / teacher facts and concepts of scientific material specialization, and the dimension of professional who provide him with ideas and skills necessary art of teaching both its theoretical and practical, and the cultural dimension which provide him with as much of human culture that allows him to know other than science specialization, and know the culture of the local and global community.

This study aims at investigating the cognitive preference styles on departments of Arabic students of colleges of education and investigating the variety of cognitive preferences styles according to the gender
To achieve the aims of the study the researcher adopts the descriptive study in approaching his research , hence , The population of the study consists of (269) students (male and female ) , while the sample of the study consists of (100) students (male and female ).
The cognitive preference styles questionnaire comprises of (57) items the researcher adopts ( Heath) questionnaire to identify many types of styles which are ( recalling , critical questioning , fundamental principles and the application styles ) .
The attitude towards the grammar questionnaire comprises of (60) items distributed to its four components which are (interesting with grammar the nature of grammar , the value of grammar and the teacher of grammar . ) .
After ensuring the validity and reliability of the questionnaires they implementing on the sample of the study ,after neglecting the un completed answer sheets and adding the result of the pilot study to the results of the research sample to be ( 178) student as a sample to his study , thus , the researcher found out that all the items are accepted .
In the light of the findings of this study , the following results can be presented :
1. The sample of the study prefer the recalling style more than any kinds of styles .
2. There are a variety of the interest of all kinds of cognitive preferences styles among the students .
3. There are no significant differences between male and female in all kinds of cognitive preferences styles.
5. There is a negative statistical relationship between the critical questioning and recalling styles and the attitude towards grammar .
6. There is no relationship between the fundamental principle and application styles and the attitude towards grammar

that means architectural advance towards those areas that had negative effect on climate of Baghdad city , according there no doubt to depend on good planning that targeting to strategies to raise those green areas by directing means of planning for green areas & organizing them in a manner that secures rise their efficiency to perform its climate function , starting from space & around housing units that have effect clearly on those units in addition to plant middle lands & roundabout , also modify , taking care for those units , streets , making artificial lakes , working to develop those areas to fulfill suitable climate circumstances for human beings life .

This research aims to identify after oral questions according to the Ashner and Gllaghar Classification in the Acquisition of natural geographical of fifth graders literary.
To achieve this, the researcher determined empirically a set partially that is the design (the experimental group and the control group with the post-test), and chose researcher intentionally fifth graders literary (Ibn al-Haytham Boys, mixed schools) of the Directorate of Education - Diyala for the academic year 2011 2012, and for the purpose of application experience, and a sample of (40) students, by (20) students in the experimental group taught according to the oral questions according to the "classification Ashner a and Gllaghar , and (20) students in the control group taught in the traditional way.
Rewarded researcher sets of research before starting the experiment in variables are (IQ test, test the previous information, chronological age students calculated in months, educational attainment of the parents).

The samurai educational and teaching system in Japan was founded in Nara period which was a simple methods for writing depended in simple symbols represented and depended in legions and mythological stories that arrival from generation to other, but in the last sixth centaury and beginning the seventh century the Chinese culture move on by the monks who carried the boded religion and five convoshuosia principles (education, justice, good treatment, kindness, completed character) and the system of Alkana which moved from Chine to Japan established the new Japanese writing which development in the boded temples in old capital of Nara (710-794)A.D and Samurai teachers who called sensei get this mission in their shoulders and the new schools opened which called (Tara koya) and (Gangago).

The study aims to learn The Effect Programmed Approach Strategy in the Geography subject of second-class students award in intrmediate school. The sample consist of (60) students distributed on two groups (30) students in experimental group that are studied by use of Programmed Approach Strategy to solve problems and other 30 students are in the control group that studied in normal approach .
By use of t-test was used. The results indicate that there is difference of statistical function at (0, 05) levels in the t-test for the control group.

- The result of research showed that there are higher of level of run of time at the deans of Collages the Al – Mustansiriya & Diyala University by point view the assistants of deans & Heads of Departments.
- The result of researcher showed to find different in stimulation run of time at the deans of Collages the Al – Mustansiriya University by point view the heads of Departments and Assistants of Deans according to their the scientific posts (Professor, Assistant of Professor, and Taught) its was for interest the Scientific of Posts (Professor, Assistant of Professor, and Taught).
- The result of researcher showed to un find different in run of time at the deans of Collages the Al – Mustansiriya University & Diyala University by point view the Assistants of Deans & Heads of Departments according to the major (Scientific, Humanity).
- The result of researcher showed that there are differents in stimulation run of time of interest the average of month field to the deans of Collages the Al – Mustansiriya University on the Heads of the Deans of Collages Diyala University.

Our present the age of psychological struggle as a result of the immense pressu2re exerted on man due to the difficulty of satisfying his need and arriving at the state of psychological balance and stability Thus the current research aimed at idetifing the unrealistic optimism among the university student investigating the homogeneity of the areas of the unrealistic optimism scaleThe current research is confined to the student of the University of bhagdad for scientific and humen collge at the academc stage(first and sconed_third and fourth) for the year 2011-2012 The statistical analysis simple comprised of250 male and famel The scale in its finel form 30 items
Theresearch use to method to extract the scale wich was (0,89)
Alfa chrombach
The researcher arrived at the fallowing results
The presence of the unrealistic optimism among the unvirrsity student
The research put collection of conclusions, suggestions and recommendations

Listening comprehension of Iraqi EFL college students are not given time for practice, and incorporate in the programme of the Department of English, therefore, students are not well-prepared to comprehend the spoken language also the Iraqi EFL College students are deficient in comprehending the spoken English. So, listening strategies require a larger amount of consistent practice.
The present study aims at finding out the effect of teaching the proposed listening strategies programme on EFL university students' listening comprehension.
The sample consists of 104 of 1st year college students at the Department of English Language, College of Education Ibn-Rushed for Humanities. The programme deals with the following strategies: summrazing-note taking, selective attention, elaboration-grouping-combining, analyzing-reasoning, imagery, inferencing-guessing, rehearsal-repetition, and translating-transferring.
Results reveal that there are statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in six listening strategies, they are: analyzing/reasoning, imagery, inferencing/guessing, rehearsal/repetition, selective attention, and transfer/translate.

In the twentieth century, the United States of America witnessed changeable attitudes toward marriage and the collapse of what was commonly known as a traditional marriage; with the wife as a lesser partner and the husband as the leader and the essential figure in the household. It has changed to be based on the idea that man and woman are united together in response to emotions and love, and they are equivalent and that divorce will take place if they cannot tolerate each other. The research aims at discussing the hardships which invade marital relationships in Neil Simon’s Barefoot in the Park.

The current study aims at investigating the effect of concept map on the EFL college students\' achievement and retention in grammar. Therefore two null hypotheses are formed to investigate the effect of concept map on students’ achievement and retention in grammar. The total population consists of 497 male and female students in the first level - English Departments - at four private colleges / morning period for the academic year 2011-2012.
The randomly chosen sample of the research consists of 60 male/female students which are divided into two groups; each one consists of 30 students to represent one experimental and one control groups of the study. Individuals in all groups had been equalized through using certain variables such as (age, sex, etc.).
In addition to that, a pre-test was administered before the beginning of the experiment for the sake of equalizing the two groups and investigating the students’ capabilities in grammar. After conducting the experiment, an achievement post-test was administered for the two groups in order to discover any improvements in their achievement in grammar. Then after a period of three weeks, the same post test was administered to test the students\' retention in grammar.
Statistical means such as: Percentage, T- Test Formula, Chi- square: for equalizations between the two groups of the experiment in certain variables, Pearson-Correlation Coefficient, Difficulty level and Discrimination Power. On the basis of the positive results in favor of the experimental group which taught by concept map instructional strategy, some recommendations concerning the use of update strategies of teaching grammar to improve students’ achievement are put forward. Moreover, some suggestions are provided for further studies in the field of developing methods of teaching English as a foreign language.

During the twentieth century, America witnessed major political, economic, and social changes in addition to the appearance of important movements, each with different concerns that shaped the lives of the American people. One of the most essential movements that flourished in the twentieth century is the Feminist Movement, which aims to help the American women to gain their legal as well as social rights and its continuous attempts to end the patriarchal domination over the business field. Though its commitment, yet the Feminist Movement suffered of some failures that affected negatively on most of its women supporters. The research aims to discuss how a true believer in the Feminist Movements and its agenda, ultimately feels disappointed and betrayed as she discovers that the movement does not achieve her dreams and goals of a better future in Wendy Wasserstein’s The Heidi Chronicles.

The success of planning lesson or instruction is one of the central elements of effective teaching and to achieve this the EFL teachers can use one of the modern models which can provide an effective delivery systems for them .The SIOP ( Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol ) is one these models which consists of eight components and 30 features that guide lesson plan development and instructional delivery. The eight components are: Preparation ,Building background ,Comprehensible input , Strategies ,Interaction , Practice &application ,Lesson delivery ,and review & assessment. This model is used as a lesson planning guide for sheltered content lesson ,and it embeds features of high-quality instruction into its design.