Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences

Abstract
This study has been carried in response to the requirements for a skill test designing for mini-basketball players. The study population encompasses mini-basketball players at Iraqi sports clubs specialized in this game.
All scientific procedures which include objectivity , validity and reliability, which have been made with the view of proving these tests , besides a separate procedure that has been conducted to examine the discriminatory capability. The study has come out with the following skill tests: Dribbling with rotation / Dribbling with change of direction / High dribble / Lay-up / Chest pass over while in movement / Spread feet work movement / Criss-cross feet work movement.

Abstract
The study aimed at being acquainted with:
• The level of knowledge need of senior and freshman in the college of Sport education of Mosul University.
• Differences in the level of knowledge need between senior and fresh man in the college of Sport education of Mosul University.
The sample included 63 students of senior and fresh man in the college of sport education selected at random with 25 percentage from every class .17 males and females students presented the fourth class while 46 students males and females presented the first class. The descriptive method was used since its convenient to the nature of study. the questionnaire of knowledge need, by Caciopo & Petty 1982 and translated and standardized to fit the environment of Iraq by Alkhazraji 2003. which was used as a tool to collect data. The data were processed statistically by using coefficient of Person correlation , percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and \"t\" test.
The results were as following:
• The senior and fresh man in the college of Sport education in Mosul University have a level of knowledge need.
• There are no significand differences between senior and fresh man the in the college of Sport education of Mosul University related to the level of knowledge need.
The study recommended the following:
1. Orienting the interest and motivation generally of students about maintaining and retention of the knowledge gained previously from teachers and its benefit at future career.
2. Guiding senior to try their best to gain and to be in contact with the knowledge and continuing education which contribute to raise their information then grow their personalities which will be reflected as self–denial and as asociety improvement.

Abstract
The goals of the research are summarized on the following:
1- To know the effectiveness of the suggestion program by using some of the Biomechanics changing in the movements of the Muslims prayers rehabilitate the heart sickness who are injured by the impatency of the artery of the heart.
2- To compare between the effectiveness of the suggestion program by using some of the Biomechanics changing in the movements of the Muslims prayers s and the independent program to rehabilitate those who are injured by the impotency of the artery of the heart.
Pattern of the research:
The pattern of the research was consisting of (12) heart sickness, who they had been made a surgery.
Materials of the research:
The experimental research had been used by the researcher and the study was include two experimental groups and a control group to serve the research goal. The procedures of the rehabilitation suggestion program had been put by the researcher, which is used to observe the heart sickness during their performance of the actions of the Muslims prayers. It has been translated through the exploration studies which it has been achieved by the researcher, and through that the researcher meet the assistant working team as a scientific and a quantity number, after that the researcher made to discover the machines and the materials which it used along the study to be able to reach the statistical treatments which it used of interpreting the results.
The important conclusions and recommendations:
The main conclusion the researcher has reached for this research is the capability of using the rehabilitation suggested program by using some of the Biomechanics changing in the movements of the Muslims prayers instead of the independent program to rehabilitate who are sick in the heart especially for those who have been made implantation of artery bysma surgery. It has not been noticed any complications by the researcher for using the movements of the Muslims prayers to rehabilitate those who are injured by the impotency of the artery of the heart the heart in addition to many other conclusions.

ABSTRACT
This study is aimed at :
1. Obtaining some biokinmatic variables during the precise, distance instep shooting from various area and in front of the defensive wall.
2. Knowing the relationship between some biokinmatic variables and the precise, distant instep shooting from various areas.
It is worth bearing in mind that that the researcher has used the descriptive method in this research The research sample is made up of (19) players (15) of whom have been used to design the test whereas the remaining (4) have been used within the research experiment where each of the four players has made (6) shooting attempts from each of the three directions and has been given (5)marks as a maximum and (zero)as a minimum and all the shooting attempts conducted have been filmed and the best one has been analyzed , furthermore, the camera position and its height have been pinpointed accurately in relation to the shooting point , then the surveying test has been conducted and followed by the main test of the research sample before processing the data statistically by using the Arithmetic means, standard deviation and simple correlation coefficient (Pearson) as research statistical methods.
The researchers have reached to the following conclusions:
1- There has been a positive correlation between the following two variables (The ankle angle of the striking leg during the collision stage in the right direction and the angular velocity of the body in the middle ).
2- The absence of any significant correlation relationship of the absorption and striking stages of the research variables .
Finally the researchers has made the following recommendations:
The emphasis on the study of the biokinematic variables the researcher have obtained from their research work in order to utilize them in soccer teaching and training processes.

Abstract
The research aims at designing a scientific experiment to determine the impact of social norms on the evaluation of the performance of some Offensive skills at basketball. Revealing the impact of social norms on the evaluation of some Offensive skills in basketball according to variables that include (years of experience )To examine the above objectives , the researchers has made the following hypothesis :Social norms affect the evaluation of performance of some Offensive skills at basketball .
The researchers has adopted the experimental approach as a model for this approach best fits the parameters of the study. The research population encompasses the basketball coaches who work at the training centers and athletic clubs credited by the Basketball Federation of Nineveh Governorate for the year (2003-2004) .
The experimental model has been chosen for it fits the kind of research at hand : This model is also termed “the within subjects experimental design” which runs parallel to the statistical method employed here as well. The experimental design accordingly entails the arbitrary or the complete random design. The researchers have also used an observation questionnaire for evaluating Offensive performance in basketball designed by the researchers .
The research experiment has been done during the period (16-2-2004 / 29-3-2004). Its included a number of conclusions as following Effectiveness of the experiment designed by the researchers in measuring the impact of social norms in the evaluation of the performance of some Offensive skills at basketball . This is due to the accurate scientific conclusion applied in previous experiments tackling the same social phenomenon .
The researchers conclude the following recommendations Adopting the experiment designed by the researchers in determining the effect of social norms on the evaluation of Offensive skills at basketball when studying this phenomenon in future research on basketball and other games .

Abstract
The psycho-cognitive attitude is considered on of the basic elements through which the individual adopts a group of ideas and beliefs related to the subject of his attitudes assuming that the individual is motivated in his various performances to achieve cognitive balance and that the nature of his motivation predominates his performance and his interaction according to the encountered situation.
The study aimed to investigate the following:
• Constructing a scale for the psycho-cognitive attitude towards mental training of the population.
• Expound the relation between psycho-cognitive attitude towards mental training and the locus of control of sport game coaches according to the attitudes towards internal and external control.
The researchers postulated the following hypothesis
• No significant correlation exists between psycho-cognitive attitude towards mental training and the locus of control of the population.
The population consisted of (208) sport coaches of university sport directories distributed within (10) Iraqi universities namely the universities of (Mosul, Irbill, Duhok, Kuya (Sulaimania), Tikrit, Kirkuk, Diyala, Baghdad, Technology, and Al mustanssirya. )
The population sample was divided into two groups in order to construct and implement the psycho-cognitive scale devised by the researchers through number of scientific procedures. One hundred and seventy seven coaches representing of 85.8% of the population were selected to represent the investigated sample while (31) coaches representing 14.9% of the population were chosen as the implementation group. Thus, the researchers relayed on the stated percentages indicated in the ratio of representation of the descriptive population for the implementation.
The researchers reached the following conclusions
• A direct significant correlation exists between psycho-cognitive attitude towards mental training and the locus of control among the couches with internal control.
The researchers recommend that more interest should be placed on psycho-cognitive attitude towards mental training which can be achieved through scientific and psychological courses aiming to expound the importance of mental training and its role to prepare the players in spot competitions.

The training profession is a profession which requires more diverse
positions and the process of evaluation is subject to many considerations
when sentencing , And the readiness of the abilities and qualities of
personal and psychological, The process of evaluating the coach differ
from the administrative and governance, the teacher and supervisor of
sports and sports specialist. Hence the need to coach understands the
foundations of scientific knowledge, information and skills necessary for
the success of the training process so that it can carry out its duties,
responsibilities and functions, this does not affect only if coach To
adequate vocational training makes it able to do what needed done
multiple tasks, This is proof that the training process, developing training
programmes based on scientific studies The psychological in accordance
with the requirements of the different levels of achievement, whether
digital or skill.The aim of the research is to build a correct skills training
trainers sports. The aim of the research is to build a correct skills training
trainers sports, The curriculum has been used in a descriptive survey to
reach the objectives of has been appointed research trainers some
individual and collective games of the northern region (Sulaymaniyah,
Dohuk, Irbil, Kirkuk, Nineveh), the number (265) trainers from different
games collective and individual, research The use of personal interview
and analysis of the content and means of the questionnaire to gather
information. Through the application of statistical and treatments for
scientific measure has been reached, as the final measure, which contains
seven axes and (75) paragraph covering these themes.

Interest in health rehabilitation care is very important since it has a direct relationship with human . The study aims at setting a corrective therapeutic program of foot drop in addition to being acquainted with its effects. The study also aims at studying significance of the differences of the effect of therapeutic program during the stages of execution . The sample have been chosen deliberately from patients having foot drop which resulted from different accident . The sample is fourteen males and females, and their ages are between twenty to fifty years old . The program is lasted eight weeks , with six therapeutic sessions a week . The therapeutic program focuses on heating by using medical wax ( paraffin bath ) , then doing the therapeutic exercises , followed by electrical stimulation of the ankle joint muscles . Finally contrasted water baths (hot & cold ) which are practiced as a home task , are used .After measuring the dorsiflexion degree of ankle and strength joint of ankle muscles , the result revealed that there are significant differences between the pretest and the two posttest measurement and for the sake of the posttest. The study recommended the following :
_ Using the suggested program since it a achieved positive effects .
_ Employing other sciences in other future studies and combing among various therapeutic devices
_ To interest to pay attention to the psychological attitude of patients throughout the therapeutic program .
_ To pay attention to the health education any generalization this program to be utilized at therapeutic centers .

Abstract
The study aims at:
1.Relation between staff type (administrative–training) and organizational factor lead to resisting change.
2.Relation between staff type (administrative–training) and individual factor lead to resisting change.
Descriptive approach has been used in the study. The study sample consists of two parts. The construction part includes (124) administrative members and (56) coaches. The application parts includes (99) administrative members and (41) coaches. Change Resistance Scale (GRS) prepared by Reedin and Powell after modification has been adopted to realized the study aim. Data have been statistically handled using percentage, mean, T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, chi–square and factor analysis.
The study concludes with the following:
1. There is no significant relation between staff type (administrative–training) and change resistant as result for organizational factor except one factor (the organizational failure in previous changing trials) and the factor which take part and result to change resistance between tow staff are (motivation system survival probability).
2. There is no significant relation between staff type (administrative–training) and change resistant as result for individual factor, the individual factors which take part between tow staff are (information lightly and do not understanding change aim, clash individual and organizational aim)

Abstract
The study aims at :
1.Constructing a measure of managerial values for member of both the administrative and training in northern region sport clubs in Iraq.
2.Identifyining the managerial values among the administrative and training staff members.
Descriptive approach has been used in the study. The study sample consists of two parts. The construction part includes (124) administrative members and (56) coaches. The application parts includes (99) administrative members and (41) coaches. Managerial values scale constructed by the researcher themself has been adopted to realized the study aim. Data have been statistically treated using percentage, mean, T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and factor analysis.
The study concluded the following:
1.managerial values scale has been succeeded in measure the type of managerial values.
2. Value arrangements for members of administrative member are as follows: organizational values, human values, recreational values, work morals values, team participation values, and administration objectivity values. As for members of the training member, values are arranged as follows: team participation values, human values, organizational values, recreational values, work morals values, administration objectivity values.

The study aims at:
1. Designing a tool for measuring trends towards criticizing thinking for teaching staff members at the College of Sport Education in university of Mosul.
2. Identifying nature of teaching staff members’ trends at the College of Sport Education in university of Mosul in general toward criticizing thinking.
3. Identifying nature of teaching staff members’ trends at the College of Sport Education in university of Mosul toward criticizing thinking in accordance with educational qualification.
4. Identifying nature of teaching staff members’ trends at the College of Sport Education in university of Mosul toward criticizing thinking in accordance with experience.
Descriptive approach is used for its compatibility with the study. The study sample consisted of (50) of teaching staff members at the College of Sport Education in university of Mosul. The researcher designed a tool for measuring trends towards criticizing thinking for teaching staff members. The tool consisted in its final form from (30) items after conforming the tool Validity and reliability, Ratio, Mean, Standard deviation, Simple correlation coefficient and T Test are the statistical means used by the researcher.
The researcher concluded the following:
1. There are positive trends towards criticizing thinking for teaching staff members at the College of Sport Education in university of Mosul.
2. There are no significant differences in trends towards criticizing thinking among teaching staff members at the College of Sport Education in university of Mosul in accordance with educational qualification.
3. Teaching staff members at the College of Sport Education in university of Mosul who have more than ten years experience are better in trends towards criticizing thinking.

Abstract

Training and leadership of basketball matches require administrative and leadership styles from the coaches. Leadership manner followed by the trainer has a great impact on the level of players performance. Variety of style mainly depends on that of leadership theories and the concept of leadership that thinkers believes according to their specializations. Anyway , it is necessary to adopt the style of performance or relation , or to adopt the style of performance and relation together. This is what the researchers try to study according to the players\' views.
The research includes five chapters. The researchers benefited from the previous studies in this field and the opinions of experts to recognize the best leadership style and its relation with results well as the relation among these different styles.

Research Results:
-There are statistically significant differences among clubs coaches in superior tournament with regard to leadership style interested in performance , The leadership style interested in relation and leadership style interested in performance and relations together.

Research Recommendations:
Coaches must be more interested in performance and relation with the players and take into consideration their individual differences.