Journals geographic

The Arabian Gulf region is the first arena of competition between regional and global powers that are looking for a foothold in this region rich in natural resources, which has a location that makes it in the heart of the ancient world and close to the meeting point of the three continents Europe, Africa and Asia, so the competing countries are engaged in various directions, whether political factors represented by activating the role of minorities in them, Or the economic factors represented by major capitalist companies, whether oil, real estate or major industrial multinational, or cultural factors represented by universities, institutes and cultural missions, and due to the intertwining of the interests of those forces and the multiplicity of actors used, the study of the geopolitical future has become very complex and that the study of any region can only be determined according to data and indicators that serve as a guide and guide for the researcher in the field of geopolitics. Therefore, the research reached two scenes in the future, either the scene of the continuation of the current situation, indicating that with indicators, or the scene of change, indicating that with future indicators as well.

The economic, social and political circumstances, represented by the low standard of living for the families of these children, the pressures that they receive from their parents, the wars that the country has gone through and ethnic conflicts, all these factors have pushed children to be an early labor in order to assist older categories.
The age of category ranging from ( 5 - Less than 15) years old, instead of directing attention to children, they shoulder the early responsibility of older categories. Early labor has multiple impacts, including economic loss of human capital as a result of their lack of enrollment or dropout from education, social represented in their acquisition of unwanted habits and behaviors, and security one states the abuse of children by the extremist parties that give some money to the children to implement their malicious and criminal intentions.
This study aimed to study the demographic composition of working children in the city of Hilla through knowing their numerical and age distribution and showing the difference in that, the fact that these children are one of the important groups in society that must be taken care of and to provide all their needs for a proper upbringing because of their great role in community service In the future, caring for children leads to the production of mature human capital that contributes to the development and building of society, and vice versa.
The number of working children in the city of Hilla reached 412 working children, and the percentage of employment has spread widely in the sectors of Al-Zuhor, Al-Salam, and Al-Fardoos quarters due to deprivation and poverty among these children is families.
The percentage of males was higher than females, with the number of males reaching 397 working children, with a total percentage 96.3%, while the number of females reached 15 working children, with a total rate of 3.7%. the age groups of males began to increase from the group (8 less than 10) years up, in contrast to the age groups of females that rose only from the age group (10 less than 13) years old, because of the early marriage for females, and there were no available works for the women beside the fear from the street ambiguity.

The study of the geographical distribution of the reality of industries in Najaf province is one of the things that has received the attention of many geographers, especially, it is the mirror reflecting in which the elements and natural and human geographical phenomena appear together and interact, and in this way can explain the contrast and the industrial distribution administrative units in light of their interaction and spatial movement
The study of the geographical distribution of the reality of industries in Najaf province is one of the things that has received the attention of many geographers, especially, it is the mirror reflecting in which the elements and natural and human geographical phenomena appear together and interact, and in this way can explain the contrast and the industrial distribution in administrative units in light of their interaction and spatial moveme The distribution of the reality of industries is characterized by change, innovation and modern technological development, because the presence of an industry somewhere may be accompanied by the construction of new factories besides the original factory and can be complementary to other Since spatial distributions represent the final outcome of th industrial distribution picture in the province, we will therefore give a real reflection of the state of industrial distribution and industrial attractions and the homogeneity of natural and human factors in the distribution of najaf governorate industries by relying on ministry data Planning and the Central Bureau of Statistics, Department of Industrial Statistics, also relied on the field study of some large factories in the province and thus the data tab was reached in the form of final tables through which the researcher was able to draw maps And the charts of it
The study aimed to highlight the nature of industries and classify them according to their small sizes, medium and large sizes and the way they are distributed to administrative units in Najaf province, where the total of small industries in 2018 (2064) industrial establishment, while the total middle industries in 2007 (3) establishment makers Then it rose in 2018 until it reached (20) industrial establishments, while large industries totaled in 2007 (18) industrial establishments and then increased in 2018 until the arrival of (31) industrial establishments This growth is due to the high population and therefore leads to a high demand for various industrial products

The economic strategy pursued by the UAE is a homogeneous mixture of management, thinking and ambition, as it stems from the need for it and getting rid of the rentier economy based on crude oil, and accordingly, according to the strategy, these alternatives will save until 2030 AD amounts of money amounting to 160 billion dollars, and the dependence remains On oil, it constitutes a small percentage that does not exceed 10%. This alternative strategy for oil was based on a set of ingredients already existing or that were created, such as financial balances, infrastructure, spending power, and the prudence of strict legal legislation, and the alternatives to oil were represented By making optimal use of the human sector, i.e. maximizing benefit from the private sector, taxes on economic and commercial activities have been activated, and the creation of new industries in the Gulf and Arab landscape, such as the aircraft and pharmaceutical industries, as well as large investment (bonds) in banks and advanced economies in countries.

The state of India is one of the active countries in the third millennium , because of its geopolitical characteristic that distinguish it from the rest of Asia continent countries , as it is located in the south of the continent , covers a vast area of about 3.165.957 million km2 , and with this large geographical area , it occupies the seventh place among the countries of the third world , and has a long coast on the Indian Ocean reaches to 7.517 km.
It also possesses a large population, that has formed a force opened up great horizons for it , and has achieved high economic growth , comprehensive development in the Indian society , working according to development program, focusing on research and development, encouraging innovation, developing global human capabilities, paying attention to technical , applied and technological education.
Since India had a big group of geographical natural and humanity factors with perfect having for these factors , that regarded as power elements, raise motivation for economic grow and create a big changing in the field of power distribution in the world.

The Dead Sea rift forms a major continental plate boundary that separates the Arabian plate and the Sinai-PaleStine subplate. It links the Red Sea spreading in the south to a complex plate convergence within the Anatolian domain in the north with a NNE general trend and 1100 km total length. Geological and geophysical evidences indicate cumulative multi-stage left-lateral shear of about 107 km along this transform fault. Three sources of information on the seismicity of the study region are available. These include geological investigations of earthquake deformations preserved in the deposits of the Dead Sea. The second source comprises historical seismicity data, of which the most reliable are those that date back to about 2000 years. Instrumental seismicity data represent the third source. The historical seismicity shows a good correlation with the general tectonics of the study region. All tectonic elements of the study region are active in the present and of considerable seismic hazard. This study reviewed the available historical information in Books Heritage, Arab literature, where historical earthquakes are mentioned, and cited the previous published studies in this field, in order to develop and revise a recent Arabic index documenting the historical earthquakes of the Dead Sea rift region during the past two thousands years. It is found that around a hundred destructive historical earthquakes occurred along the Dead Sea rift during the last twenty centuries. The sources indicate that, the earthquakes led to casualties, significant damage and loss in property, and damaging of buildings, charges, mosques and archeological sites located in the villages, towns that are distributed along the rift region. Therefore, this requires us to follow all possible techniques and methods to mitigate the danger of possible earthquakes in the region.

The outer crust of the Earth is responsible for the formation of the magnetic field, because it contains metals in fluid form, especially iron, which is the highest percentage of it, in addition to nickel. The magnetic field protects the Earth from the solar wind, which ,if it could penetrate the Earth, would harm all living things. When the solar wind collides with the ionosphere and is ionized by solar and cosmic radiation, the magnetic field redirects these materials around the Earth and keeps its currents away from it. At the same time, this will lead to the emergence of light phenomena known as the aurora borealis or the northern lights and southern lights that are wavy and of different colors, especially at the poles, where the Earth’s magnetic field is weaker . This allows some particles to penetrate the atmosphere and collide with gas molecules and to produce the colors of the aurora borealis, which are yellowish green, red and blue . Each color is the result of same kind of colliding particles

The emerging corona virus pandemic has shed light on the complex nature in which the aviation sector operates, both within and between countries, and such extraordinary situations require making cooperative decisions to assess and manage the risks related to them, and the path of recovery is likely to be fraught with difficulties and challenges by applying incremental measures and taking measures. Various measures and application of unprecedented solutions.
The air transport environment in Iraq is in the process of growth, and therefore the new phase imposed building and strengthening confidence in the safety of travelers, and the introduction of new modes of transport through the stages of ending the closure and after the end of the pandemic, so it is necessary for transport companies to invest in efforts aimed at understanding the paths of movement of travelers, as well as On expediting or canceling projects and postponed programs or re-evaluating them based on new global data, while working to balance the effects of increased waiting time and reduced passenger capacity.
To ensure the sustainability of air transport, which is based on the continuity of its movement, as it is the engine of economic and social recovery, Iraq should strive to ensure the economic and environmental sustainability of the aviation sector.

Demody Farming one of Agriculture that Depends mainly on rain Water , So its called rain- fed Agriculture , its one of methods of Irrigating agricultural grops especially wheat and barley in the eastern part of wasit Governorate which administratively includes the Badra district center , Zorbatiyah District ,Jassan and sheik saad with its. agricultural grops
This region has multiple and intertwined Agricultural Potentials like Soil and variation in rainfall from year to year this was reflected in the cultivated areas and the quantity and quality of production.
Despite the availability of the ingredients for Agricultural production in the area especially the quality of the soil however , it suffers from environmental problems , specifically desertification wich negatively affected the quantity of production and the low level of productivity also ,the fluctuation in the amount of rain falling in makes reliance rain – fed Agriculture not guaranteed and exposes many farmers to great financial losses .
The research found that the region is characterized by the availability of the elements of Agriculture production specifically wheat and barley , whose area varied according to the Agriculture seasons ,the disparity in the amount of rainfall is an important factor affecting the expansion of the Agriculture area it provides fertile soil that contributes to the quality of Agriculture production.

Climatic characteristics are one of the most important factors that must be taken into account when designing solar panels and failure to take into account these factors may lead to poor operation of this system and poor use of the energy available from the solar panels. Solar panels are affected by several factors that reduce their performance, as their performance decreases due to the effect of both solar radiation intensity and the temperature of the outer medium, especially the high temperature, especially in hot sunny weather as is the case in the country, as well as an increase in the speed of wind which causes exacerbation of the heat loss vehicle during pregnancy, Dust storms are also one of the most important problems that affect the performance of solar panels in the event of dust on the surface of the panels. As the dust reduces the permeability of the glass cover by (8%) for the inclined plate at an angle of 45 degrees to the power generated by the solar panels. As well as many obstacles facing the use of solar energy in the study area, due to the absence of the knowledge side and awareness of the importance and benefit of renewable energy.

This research is concerned with analyzing the geographical factors affecting the quantitative and qualitative change of the hydrological characteristics of the water of the Euphrates River in the Manathira district and their impact on the population of a number of diseases, especially the various diarrheal diseases, as the analyzes of the rates of the natural characteristics of the water confirmed the analyzes of the water during the years (2015, 2016 and 2017) The most changing year is the year 2017, in which nitrate concentrations, bio-oxygen requirements, chloride and sulfates increased in comparison to the Iraqi water standards, which was reflected in the increase in population diseases, especially diarrhea, which varied to reach the highest rate of infection during the year 2016 by about (1265), while it reached The lowest was in 2017 by (325) injured. This is due to natural and human causes, and this is proven by the statistical results.

The research presents the concept of the heat island phenomenon in the city of Baquba using the Landsat 2017 satellite data for the study area from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) website for Earth Explorer, and the preparation of maps (NDVI), (LAI), (SAVI), map retrieval (LST) For the entire study area, and then the area is divided into five sectors. A rise in ground temperatures appeared, due to the variation in the Landuse the city, as there was a rise in temperature for each of the month of July and December in the fourth sector, Which includes Baqubah aljededa and almustafa districts and its Shefta