Journal of university of Anbar for Pure science

The field of materials science has witnessed remarkable developments in recent years, particularly in the realm of flexible, durable materials. Among these advancements, polyacrylamide hydrogels have garnered significant attention for their potential applications in soft-conducting and sensing technologies. This mini-article explores the importance of developing such materials, highlighting their unique properties and the various ways they are revolutionizing the landscape of soft electronics and sensors. The article draws upon a wide range of references to provide a comprehensive overview of this rapidly evolving field.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a variety of infections throughout the world, including bacteremia in immunocompromised patients, wound and soft tissue infections, hospital-acquired pneumonia, respiratory infections, and urinary tract infections (UTI). It is also the primary cause of life-threatening infections in burn patients. A total of 120 specimens that collected of Al-Anbar Province hospitals, they obtained from a wound (65.85%), burns (52.63), UTI (33.33%), and sputum (48.27%). Out these specimens, 65 strains identified as Pseudo.aeruginosa depending on microscopical and cultural properties, automatedVITEK-2 system, and the molecular identification based on 16SrRNA gene, which is the essential in all Pseudo.aeruginosa. The antibiotics susceptibility test was done by using disc diffusion method of aminoglycoside antibiotics.
The results were indicated, that the highest resistance to Gentamycin)10μg) was (81.53%), Amikacin(30μg) (73.84%), then Tobramycin(10μg) (66.15%), and Netilmicin(30μg) (33.84%). Molecular analysis of aminoglycosides modifying enzymes genes showed that the percentage of the AAC (6 ′ )-Ib gene was highest 16/20 (85%), then 8/20 (40%), 2/20 (10%) for ANT (3 ″ )-Ia , APH(3 ′ )-IIb, respectively.

Like other soluble lead compounds, exposure to lead chloride may cause lead poisoning, In the current study, we seek to determine the effect of lead chloride on body and liver weight, as well as histological changes of the liver, in addition to the possibility of reducing the toxic effects of lead chloride by using natural products like garlic. Twenty-five healthy mice were divided into five groups: the first group was kept as an un-medicated control, while the second and third groups were given Lead chloride at a dose of 8.3 and 4.2 mg/kg, respectively; the fourth group were given only garlic at a dose of 200 mg/kg; and the fifth group were given lead chloride (8.3mg/kg) plus garlic in the same previous dose, the experiment continued for 21 days. This study's results show no significant difference in liver and body weight between groups except in the group that received a high dose of lead chloride. The histological changes in the liver showed focal granulomatous, congestion, necrosis space, hepatocyte degeneration, and inflammatory cells were also observed, especially in group that received high doses of Pbcl2. The present study proved that heavy metals containing lead have toxicological effects on the liver, so this effect can be decreased by natural products like garlic, which has a large activity in removing toxins like this.
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Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes flaky patches of skin which form scales normally appear on elbows, knees, scalp and lower back, also can appear anywhere on body. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between lipid profile variables with the psoriasis development within group subjects. The study included 310 patients, males and females aged (25-65) years. The patients were attending a dermatology consultant at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from all individuals. Biolis 24i automated analyzer was used to estimate serum levels of Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and VLDL. The incidence, prevalence, and manifestation of skin psoriasis are similar between different sexes, there is overexpression of lipid profile related tests, as these variables could impact each other. High levels of Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and VLDL in psoriatic patients were recorded when compared with controls. However, it was found that considerable effect of the progression of psoriasis on the elevated lipid profile levels in such individuals. The incidence and prevalence of the disease similar in both sexes. However, all physiological levels of understudy variables were increased in patients with psoriasis, and this may play a major role in the disease development.
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Klebsiella pneumoniae is a highly prevalent pathogen among nosocomial and community-acquired infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), pneumonia, surgical site infections, and bloodstream infections.
One hundred (100) isolates were obtained from different sources, including urine, burns, sputum, blood, and wound. All isolates were bacteriologically identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae using phenotypic and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by using the disc diffusion method for thirteen different antimicrobial agents. String test was used to evaluate the hypermucoviscousity of the isolates and siderophore production was estimated by CAS agar and colorimetric methods. Two genes, iucA and iroB, were detected by PCR and their correlation with phenotypic markers was evaluated. The results showed that 51% of the isolates were positive for the string test and 49 % were negative. The results showed that the siderophores production ranged between 14 to 74 psu. Genotyping results showed that 23% of the isolates contained iucA gene and 17 % contained iroB. There was a high correlation between the two genes and the hypermucoviscousity. Also, siderophore production was highly associated with having one of the genes or both with more than 60 psu of siderophores production.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent chronic, autoimmune diseases of the joints. Although the disease itself is rarely deadly, complications such as disorders of pulmonary and cardiovascular can increase mortality. RA patients can suffer from significant dyslipidemia at various stages of the disease, where the lipid profile may be altered because of the inflammatory activity of the disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate the correlation between lipid profile and markers of inflammation including rheumatoid factor (RF), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in a sample of Iraqi RA patients. In this study a total of 60 samples were obtained from RA patients and 30 samples from healthy individuals as a control group then samples were tested to measure the levels of lipid and inflammatory markers. The Correlation between lipid profile and inflammatory markers was studied by using Pearson’s correlation (r=−1 to 1). Out of 60 RA patients, 50 were females (83%) and 10 were males (17%) with a mean of age 46.15±10.74 years and a mean disease period of 9.17±6.73 years. The mean of total cholesterol in patients was 194 ± 45.39 mg/dl and the mean of triglycerides was 118 ± 46.78 mg/dl while the mean of HDL, LDL, and VLDL were (46.13±11.14, 125.7±38.63, and 23.59±9.35 mg/dl) respectively in the patients. The mean of RF was (92.04±71.21 IU/ml) while CRP was (5.877±5.92 mg/l) and ESR was (34.17±17.85 mm/h). In conclusion, there was no correlation between inflammatory biomarkers and parameters of lipid profile.

Background : Acinetobacter baumannii is emerging as an important nosocomial pathogen, multidrug resistance as will as ability to withstand environmental stresses.
Result : Total of 120 specimens from various clinical sources (wounds ,burns ,urine, sputum) were collected from patients suffering from different infections reviewed
Teaching hospitals in al Ramadi city ,21 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were diagnosed and augmented with the Vitek 2 device. Ten antibiotics were used to assess the susceptibility of these bacterial isolates from different clinical sources, results of Antibiotic susceptibility test indicate that all isolate 100% were resistant to Piperacillin and Rifampicin, 85.5% resistance to Trimethoprim, 80% resistance to Amikacin, 76% were resistant to Levofloxacin, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin, while the resistance rate was 66.66%, 47% and 33.33% of isolates were resistant to Tobramycin , Meropenem and Imipenem respectively. Result of adding 1% glucose enhanced the biofilm formation in 19 isolates of A. baumannii, 7 out of these isolate formed the biofilm better than without glucose. furthermore adding of 5% glucose into (T.S.B) medium enhanced biofilm formation in another 7 out of 19 isolates formed biofilm at this concentration of glucose, meanwhile result of adding 8% glucose inhibited biofilm formation in 12 isolates , since 4 out of 12 isolates lost it′s capability of biofilm formation , as well as rest 8 isolates formed biofilm less than 1% glucose and 5% glucose .

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As the population of the world increases, the search for new energy sources has become a necessity. Much research has been conducted on renewable energy sources that may substitute traditional energy sources; these include solar energy, wind energy, and wave power. Microbes play an important role in producing energy by generating electrical conductivity through the transport of electrons generated from their metabolism. Such bacteria are known as electro-active bacteria and are used in microbial fuel cells, where microbes are used to generate electric energy from the degradation of organic compounds. The role of microbial fuel cells are not only important in generating electricity, but also in reducing organic contaminants in the environment. Microbial fuel cells are also important in producing electricity in locations where it is costly to maintain batteries periodically, such as the bottom of the oceans. One of the best-known electro-active bacteria is Geobacter, which has the ability to transfer electrons outside its membrane. Researchers have developed a genetic system that functions in Geobacter in order to construct mutants and study gene knockout strains, and they found that this bacterium uses multiple c-type cytochromes to iron oxides by direct contact. In the past few decades, Shewanella has gained the attention of scientists due to its respiratory adaptability. This bacterium can respire different inorganic compounds as electron acceptors, including, thiosulfate, nitrate, arsenate, elemental sulfur, and fumarate. This ability came from its unique electron-transport pathways, which helped to adapt changes in electron acceptor availability which fluctuate according to environmental conditions.

One͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ of͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ the͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ most͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ significant͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ parts͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ of͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ physical͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ evidence͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ at͏ ͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ a͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ crime͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ scene͏ ͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ is͏ ͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ a͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ fingerprint,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ which͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ can͏ ͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ be͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ used͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ to͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ directly͏ ͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ identify͏ ͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ a͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ person.͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ The͏ ͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ fingerprint͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ has͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ long͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ been͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ regarded͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ as͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ the͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ "head͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ of͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ physical͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ evidence"͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ and͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ is͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ crucial͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ to͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ forensic͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ science͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ and͏ ͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ criminal͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ investigations.͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ Usually, three types of fingerprints are identified at crime scenes: plastic fingerprints, visible fingerprints/patent, and invisible fingerprints/latent. Invisible or latent fingerprints necessitate special examination because they cannot be observed with the naked eye. Latent͏ ͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ fingerprints͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ can͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ be͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ discovered͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ on͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ a͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ variety͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ of͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ surfaces,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ whether͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ they͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ are͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ porous͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ (like͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ wood,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ clothing,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ or͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ paper)͏ ͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ or͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ not͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ (plastic,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ metal,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ or͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ glass).͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ Some͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ persons͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ were͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ unaware͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ of͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ latent͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ fingerprints͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ until͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ forensic͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ investigators͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ enhanced͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ them͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ using͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ physical͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ or͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ chemical͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ techniques.͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ Additionally,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ the͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ latent͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ fingerprint͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ contained͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ water,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ amino͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ acids,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ oils,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ and͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ other͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ materials͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ found͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ in͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ the͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ human͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ body.͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ Chemical͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ aspects͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ of͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ Ninhydrin,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ cyanoacrylate,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ Fluorescent͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ Organic͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ materials͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ (curcumin,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ benzazole͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ dyes,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ rhodamine͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ B,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ rhodamine͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ 6͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ G,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ fluorescein͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ and͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ brilliant͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ Blue͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ G-250)͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ exhibit a high affinity or strong attraction to amino acids, fatty acids, and proteins in a fingerprint, with the vapors of the super glue adhering to these components. Therefore,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ it͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ can͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ capture͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ fingerprints͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ clearly,͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ making͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ it͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ possible͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ to͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ verify͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ fingerprints͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ quickly͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ and͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏͏ accurately.

The simple hydrothermal autoclave approach was successfully used to synthesize V2O5 nanoparticles from NH4VO3. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques that indicating the presence of V2O5 nanoparticles. The synthesized V2O5 nanoparticles characterized using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The result confirms forming of V2O5 nanoparticles and the diameter was around 61- 167 nm.

As the combustibles are almost in contact with the oxidizers and mostly all conditions are available to start a fire, this review covers the fire scene which could be intentionally or unintentionally started using a combustible liquid. The first step in the way of investigation is identifying the starting point of the fire, followed by knowing the causes of the fire and collecting fire debris samples to determine the presence of ignitable liquid residues. The fire debris collected from the crime scene is subjected to different extractions that including solvent extraction, distillation, headspace, and solid phase micro-extraction. Among the commonly used extraction methods, headspace and solid phase micro-extraction are on top because they are fast, solvent-less, and have no loss of sample concentration. After that, the sample is analyzed by the gas chromatography technique, which is the most sensitive and effective method for detecting and characterizing ignitable liquid residues.
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In this study, we prepared composite thin films of polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer by using 0.02-0.2% weight percent nickel oxide nanoparticles ( NiONPs). hydrothermal method utilized to produce NiO NPs. By using XRD and FTIR analysis, the crystal structure was thoroughly examined. Surface morphology was well studied by scanning field emission ( SEM) and atomic force microscopy( AFM). The optical properties of the composite thin film of PVP-NiO NPs have been characterized. the charge type of the thin film composite and electric properties determined by Hall effect measurement. XRD analysis reveals that NiO NPs have a cubic phase structure. The main chemical bonds of PVP pure have been determined, where Ni-O bonds appear at 408 cm-1 when NiO NPs are added to the polymer matrix. Composite thin film has a lower energy gap than PVP pure. The hall effect measurement shows Composite thin film is p-type and has 2*1-4 Sm at 0.2 %wt of NiO NPs. As a result, a composite thin film of PVP-NiO NPs can be utilized as a semi-conductor in photo sensor and solar cell applications.
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Thyroid dysfunctions (TDs) are the most common endocrine diseases, especially in women. Phrase "thyroid dysfunction" refers to a variety of diseases affecting the thyroid gland and its hormones. This study aims to compare serum neudesin levels and lipid profiles between people with and without thyroid dysfunction. Study involved 56 TDs patients from a medical laboratory and 28 healthy controls (HCs). Neudesin concentration in serum was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (ELISA), whilst triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (T. Cho), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol levels were measured using enzyme colorimetry. Serum level of neudesin was lower in thyroid dysfunction patients than in HCs (P< 0.000l), neudesin has an important negative correlation with TGs, HDL, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (mg/dL) (P< 0.000l), while it showed a positive correlation with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (mg/dL) (P < 0.000l). Studied parameters showed of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, respectively: Neudesin (0.8017 and 0.9043 ng/mL), HDL (0.677 and 0.5708 mg/dL), triiodothyronine (T3) (0.8578 and 1 nmol/L), thyroxine (T4) (0.9872 and 1 nmol/L), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (0.9847 and 0.757 mIU/mL), T. Cho. (0.909 and 0.6645 mg/dL), TGs (0.944 and 0.669 mg/dL), VLDL (0.942 and 0.669 mg/dL), and LDL (0.872 and 0.7526 mg/dL). Present study found serum levels of neudesin showed a negative correlation with T.Cho, and LDL in hyperthyroidism patients while showing a negative correlation with triglycerides and VLDL in hypothyroidism patients.
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Background: The body's ability to produce insulin is affected by a group of chronic metabolic diseases known as diabetes. Someone has high blood sugar, either because the pancreas is not producing enough insulin or because the body's cells are not using insulin that is being produced effectively. Present study tried to explore whether there was any association of galanin with urea, uric acid, creatinine, albumin, globulin, total protein, albumin-to-globulin ratio, fasting glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This study included 42 patients; and 42 healthy controls (HCs); who served as a control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the level of galanin in serum. While levels of urea, uric acid, creatinine in addition fasting serum glucose (FSG) were determined by enzymatic colorimetric methods, albumin, globulin and total protein (T. protein) were estimated by colorimetric methods.Results: The Study found that level of serum galanin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was higher compared to healthy subjects (P < 0.0001) and FSG was higher in patients compared to HCs (P < 0.0001). Galanin had a significant positive relationship with FSG, urea, creatinine, and globulin (P < 0.0001). Howeve galanin was found to have a negative correlation with uric acid, T. protein, and albumin, in added ,albumin to globulin (ALB/GLB), P < 0.0001). Studied parameters found in descending order of area under receiver operating curve (AUROC): Galanin was (0.858), FSG (1), urea (0.757), uric acid (0.541), creatinine (0.507), T.Protein (0.530). ), globulin (0.586) and albumin (0.657). While (ALB/GLB) was (0.646). New values of cut-off value for studied variables have been estimated as follows, Galanin ( > 6.14 ng/mL), FSG (> 116.5 mg/dL), Urea (> 30.5 mg/dL), Uric acid (< 4.75 mg/dL), Creatinine (> 0.835 mg/dL), T. Protein (< 7.05 g/dL), Albumin (< 4.35 g/dL), Globulins (> 2.75 g/dL) and ALB/GLB (< 1.545). Conclusion: Serum galanin may be used as a biomarker the detection o.

The present study included optical degradation of pure polyvinyl films and also when mixing the complex [Aqua diphylcarbazide thiourea Cobalt (||)]chloride by weight (0.1% -0.05%-0.025%-0.0125%-0.00625 %) and polymer films dissolved in water and thickness (60±5) microns. The optical degradation of the prepared chips was followed up with the presence and absence of the added complex by violet-visible spectroscopy (U.V) using light with a maximum wavelength (356nm) and at different irradiation times (0,10,20,40,80) hours by calculating the constant rate of photolysis of the polymer additive. Using (FT. IR) by increasing the absorption coefficient of the hydroxyl group (IOH). It was found that an increase in the concentration of the additive complex leads to an increase in the photolysis of polymer sheets compared to sheets without it, which in turn leads to an increase in the values of hydroxyl absorption coefficients. These results are consistent with the value of the speed constant of optical degradation the highest value of the dissociation constant (KD) and follow-up by changing the viscosity to weight ratio, degree of degradation and rate of chain cutting.
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In this study, new complexes are produced by bonding of transition metal dinuclear chlorides (CoCl2.6H2O, MnCl2.4H2O, and FeCl2.6H2O) with a polychelated ligand called 9-Phenyl-2,3,7-trihydroxy-6-fluorone, represented by (L), in a 1:2 (metal: ligand) ratio. Applying the appropriate chemical and physical methods, such as melting points, molar electrical conductivity, magnetic sensitivity, FT-IR, UV-Visible, and mass spectrometric studies, the produced complexes were characterized. All complexes are non-electrolytic, according to analyzes of molar electrical conductivity. All complexes have an octahedral structure, according to studies of magnetic sensitivity and Uv-Visible spectra. The mass spectrometry measurements showed the presence of the molar mass bands of the complex and the appearance of other bands resulting from the fragmentation of the complexes. For the metallic complexes spectra, FT-IR revealed a shift in the shape and intensity of the complexes bands at lower frequencies. The bonding of the metal to the oxygen atom can be observed by this shift in the bond stretch of the ligands. The size of the coordination between the ligand and the ions of the metallic elements is the cause. The measurement of the complexes' melting point is high, which suggests that the resultant complexes are quite stable.
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In this study, the free radical mechanism of the copolymerization between styrene and methyl methacrylate was used to synthesized the copolymers (styrene-methyl methacrylate) hydroxamic acid and the copolymer (styrene-acrylic acid) hydroxamic acid. using a conversion rate of 10%, the molar mixing ratio was 1/1 with a benzoyl peroxide initiator at a temperature of 70 oC. The copolymer (styrene-methyl methacrylate) was prepared and the yielding polymer was characterized using FT-IR and HNMR. Through polymers prepared from poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate) and poly(styrene-acrylic acid); Poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate) hydroxamic acid was prepared, and poly(styrene-acrylic acid) hydroxamic acid was prepared with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The reaction was carried out in a basic medium (pH = 12), using sodium hydroxide, with thermal reflux for 120 hours at a temperature of (70-80 oC). The yielding compound of poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate) hydroxamic acid was characterized using FT-IR. The adsorption capacity (Qe) of polyhydroxamic acid for Fe+3, V+5 ions was additionally examined in this study, both before and after adding Nano magnesium oxide. The effect of time and pH was also studied, as the adsorption capacity decreases at high or low pH. At pH = 6, the largest amount of adsorption was noted. Polyhydroxamic acid was used to compare the effects of temperature on the ability of these ions to adsorb from their aqueous solutions before and after the addition of Nano magnesium oxide. At two different temperatures, the heat of adsorption (He) of poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate) hydroxamic acid was estimated. The ferric ion is adsorbed physically whereas the vanadium ion is adsorbed chemically, based on the values of the adsorption temperature.
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Mix ligand composed of (HL1) Dimidone and (HL2) 1,2-dibenzothiophene were allowed to react with next metal ions: Co (III), Mn (II), Fe (III), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) individually forming stable metal complexes with different geometries as indicated using various techniques. The formation of the complexes as well as the geometries of the complexes were detected by Fourier-transform-infrared, mass_spectra, elemental analysis and electronic spectra. Moreover, the solubility of the compounds was tested in various solvents including: CHCl3, THF, DMF, DMSO, C2H5OH and H2O. Furthermore, the vital effectiveness was tested toward two types of bacteria gram negative bacteria (Spuedomonas & E.Coli) and positive bacteria (Staph. Aureas & Bacillus) and two types of fungi (Aspergillus niger & Fuzaium) giving different inhibition values (either effective or noneffective) as detailed in the manuscript.
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A new azo-Schiff base ligand derived from a p-anisidine molecule, as well as its monomeric metal complexes, were synthesized and studied. The titled ligand, (1-((E)-((4-methoxy phenyl) imino) methyl)-3-((E)-(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl) naphthalen-2-ol) (HL), was synthesized by a 1:1 mole ratio reaction of p-anisidine and ((E)-2-hydroxy-3-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl). In a mole ratio of 1:1 (L:M), the interaction of HL with chosen metal ions, including Cr(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II), resulted in the creation of monomeric coordination compounds. The synthesized compounds were analyzed using a variety of analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Elemental microanalysis, 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, electronic and mass spectra, magnetic susceptibility, and conductance are among the techniques used. The synthesis of six and four-coordinate coordination molecules was confirmed by characterization data. Thermal stability (TGA) of HL and Co-complex is investigated. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated against a variety of microorganisms (bacteria and fungus species). According to the data gathered, the ligand's antibacterial effectiveness improved after forming a complex..

Background: Menopause is the stage of a woman's life when her menstrual cycles cease for good. In the early stages of menopause, cardiovascular risk significantly rises, primarily as a result of the loss of estrogen's protective effects.Objective: The objective of the current study was to measure the prolactin level in menopausal diabetic Iraqi women as well as the correlation between prolactin levels and other biochemical markers. Methods: This study was carried out on fifty patients women with diabetes type 2 during menopause aged (40–48 years) who visited the National Diabetes Center/AL-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad-Iraq. On the other hand, forty healthy women without diabetes aged (40–48 years) were recruited as control. The study included measurements of the biochemical parameters such as, glycated hemoglobin HbA1c by using (Bio-Rad device, France), Prolactin (PRL) estimated by using (minividas device, Biomerieux-France).Fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides TG, and high-density lipoprotein HDL were evaluated enzymatically by an auto-analyzer (Kenza 240 TX analyzer) (Biolabo, France).Results: The clinical biochemical markers showed that the serum levels of prolactin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), body mass index (BMI), HBA1c, TC, TG, low-density lipoproteins LDL and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) were increased significantly, while the decreased level of serum (HDL) in diabetic women of menopause as compared with healthy women (P=0.0001). Conclusion: As a result of the considerable changes in prolactin levels and altered serum lipid profiles associated with menopause, cardiovascular disease development is at increased risk on its own.
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Improving the stability of PVC became a task for many research groups to improve its properties and lower plastic pollution. An invented Schiff base was applied as a heat-resistant agent to alter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) behavior under varying temperatures. The efficacy of the Schiff base-treated PVC films in terms of thermal stability was assessed through weight-loss analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, an optical microscope, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The outcomes demonstrated that incorporating the altered PVC extended the polymer's stability duration, consequently lowering its inclination towards degradation. Furthermore, the Schiff base led to a marked decrease in the presence of PVC's conjugated double bonds, consequently reducing weight loss. The enhancement observed can be credited to the Schiff base's strong ability to neutralize HCl and its effectiveness in protecting unstable chlorine atoms within the polymer chains. These alterations, when combined, resulted in a prolonged delay in thermal degradation and alterations in color, affirming the success of the modification method in improving the thermal stability of PVC.
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Chemical precisionists must continuously develop and enhance their cognition and general awareness through research, innovation, teamwork, collaboration, and community outreach. Through their knowledge, chemists may act as roll model and advisors to benefit societies and protect the environment for next generations. Transparency which is widely considered by researchers as a pillar for moral interaction through all work related subjects, moreover, in chemistry it has been considered as a research subject in many categories including chemical lab environment, safety regulation, honesty and clearance in data management, in addition to decision making and handling moral responsibility. This article is going to discuss some examples of luck of transparency, openness, and honesty in regard to data management and publishing and the impact they have on providing safe working laboratories and healthy environment.



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The green synthesis method of nanoparticles attracts the attention of researchers in various scientific specializations as it is easy, environmentally friendly, and low-cost. It is one of the important methods for preparing alumina nanoparticles, which has wide applications in various fields. In this work, alumina nanoparticles were prepared by this technique using an aluminum salt with a plant extract in the manner used in previous studies. The resulting nanoparticles were then characterized structurally and optically using several techniques. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement proved the formation of alumina nanoparticles with a hexagonal phase through the peaks appearing in the diffraction pattern belonging to these nanoparticles, and it was found that their average particle size is equal to (61 nm). As for the scanning electron microscope images (SEM), it was shown that their diameters average range between (35 - 55 nm) and that their shapes are not arranged between spherical and rod-like, with the formation of aggregations of them. The results of measuring the UV-Vis spectrophotometer through the absorption spectrum showed that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of these nanoparticles at the wavelength (~300 nm). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis distinguished the appearance of bonds belonging to alumina and within the range (~ 400 - 1100 cm-1).

In this paper, the hand lay - up method was employed to prepare three models of polymeric materials and their compositions before and after reinforcement with different Volume fractions (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3) %. The First group (G1) consists of unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with Jute Fiber which that cut to a length ( 5mm ) with volume fraction that above - mentioned, and the second group (G2) consists of epoxy resin reinforced with the same fiber, as for the third group (G3) ; consists of polymeric blend (75% epoxy + 25% unsaturated polyester resin) reinforced with the same fiber. Experimental results include, test of impact strength and thermal conductivity. For a different volume fractions of a samples (all samples), the results showed that impact strength increases with increasing volume fraction while thermal conductivity decreases by increasing it.

thin films of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) They were created with the Thermo Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (CSPT) method on glass substrates at 350 oC. Zinc chloride salts. XRD and AFM were used to characterise the ZnO thin films' structural characteristics and surface morphology.. All of the produced films had a polycrystalline hexagonal structure with various peaks and angles, with a preferential orientation along the (002) direction, according to the XRD examination. The XRD results also showed that a rise in solution concentration caused the ZnO film's intensity to significantly increase and its crystallite size to somewhat increase. AFM investigate was done to look at the films' surface topography. The findings demonstrated that surface roughness, root mean square (RMS), and particle size roughness all increased with molarity. The produced films, however, can still be utilised as windows in solar cells in spite of these variances in surface roughness. Using a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance spectrum between 300 and 1100 nm in wavelength, the optical properties as a transmittance, absorption coefficient, and band gap energy were ascertained. The ZnO-prepared films showed transmittance values ranging from around 71% to 42%, with un direct transitions occurring. The films' band gap energies varied from 3.16 eV to 3.28 eV. The transmittance was found to drop and the absorption coefficient spectrum to rise with concentration, suggesting a tighter band gap energy.

Corn cob (CC) is an agricultural waste that can be recycled and used to reinforce unsaturated polyester resin, which can be utilized to produce low-cost structural sections, as well as reduce the risk resulting from the disposing of these wastes by traditional methods, such as landfilling or burning. The purpose of this research is to study the grain size effect of the reinforcing material particles on the mechanical properties of the composite material represented by (hardness, impact resistance, and compressive strength). The experimental work is carried out by preparing a polymeric mixture of unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) reinforced by corn cob particles using two different grain sizes of (53) µm and (710) µm with different volumetric fractions of (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30)%. The manual molding method was used in preparing the molds as follows: The first group consists of a polymeric mixture reinforced with corn cobs with a granular size of (53) µm using the same volumetric ratios mentioned above, while the second group consists of a polymeric mixture reinforced with corn cobs with a granular size of (710) µm using the same volumetric fractions of the first group. The results suggested that the reinforcement of the matrix by these particles led to improving the mechanical properties of the composite material by increasing the reinforcement ratios.

A study was conducted on the use of the Mactrontronic Sputtering (DC) plasma technique by sprinkling tantalum metal (Ta) and depositing it on shape-memory nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy and glass substrates in the presence of oxygen and argon gases. As a result, a coating of tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) deposited on the (NiTi) alloy was obtained. The change of the atomization plasma energy on the size of the precipitated oxide particles (Ta2O5) and its effect on the structural properties was discussed. For the membrane, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests showed that the films prepared at energies of (10, 15, 25, 30, and 35 watts) showed an amorphous structure, and the (AFM) results confirmed that the thinly deposited films consisted of spherical particles. Moreover, the results of the optical properties study showed the effect of annealing (heat treatment), whereby the annealing improved all the optical parameters of the deposited films. In addition, the contact angle measurements showed that the (Ta2O5) films exhibited hydrophilic characteristics and increased wettability for the (NiTi) alloy, which normally contributes to enhancing its resistance to bacteria and facilitating cell connection. Bacterial antimicrobial assays demonstrated that the deposited membrane exhibited antibacterial activity against both negative and positive bacteria. In particular, the test results revealed that the (NiTi) alloy samples coated with (Ta2O5) membrane had a higher bacteria-killing percentage for both negative and positive bacteria compared to the uncoated samples.

In this review, the chemical bath deposition method has been studied to investigate lead sulfide thin film. The important results obtained from XRD, AFM and optical Spectrophotometer measurements were discussed. peaks patterns illustrated that the lead sulfide structure have a cubic phase nanocrystalline corresponded to the strong peaks (111) and (200) at 2θ ≅ 26.3◦ and 29.8◦ respectively. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images exhibited that the lead sulfide (PbS) thin films have a nano-size grain also the grain size increased with increasing film thickness. Different parameters such as dislocation density and internal strain have been studied to be decreased with concentration. Decreasing internal strain and dislocation density with increasing concentration show enhancement of lattice constant as prepared films Scanning electron Microscope (SEM) images displayed that the top surface layers are strongly affected depending on the nature top. The PbS structure are quite homogeneous , the size distribution was about 71–83 nm. The influence of deposition time, thickness, nature of the substrate, concentration of solution and doping on the PbS films was also discussed. It can be seen, The prepared thin film was a thinner film with a short deposition time compared to prepared samples with a longer time. It has also been found that the precipitated films show optical absorbance in the room and UV region but their absorbance decreases upon entering the near-infrared (NIR) region. Lead Sulfide thin films have gained remarkable attention worldwide due to an important narrow band gap semiconductor which has broad potential applications in optoelectronics devices.

Multimedia data encryption is so crucial because the multimedia encryption algorithm needs more time and memory, and it is difficult to implement. Because of this, the hyperchaotic image encryption technique is becoming more and more popular, which uses little memory, time, or energy and offers the highest level of security for low-powered devices. This study offers a comprehensive overview of modern hyperchaotic systems. By focusing on these complex systems' uniqueness and fundamental features, a study of their dynamic behavior is offered. Such systems are now being used more and more in a variety of industries, including finance, secure communication, and encryption, for example. In reality, every field calls for particular performances of unusual complexity. This research then suggests a specific classification based on the crucial hyperchaotic characteristic, Lyapunov exponent, the equilibrium points, dynamical behavior, NPCR, and UACI..
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In restricted linear regression model, more methods proposed to address the Multicollinearity problem and the high variance. For example, shrinkage biased estimation and optimization (Lagrange function). In this paper, we propose new biased estimator based on philosophy of Jackknife with the restricted least squares estimator. A new estimator called Restricted Shrinkage Jackknife estimator (RSJ). Also, we show that the statistical properties of new estimator with some theorems to compare the performance of new estimator with some restricted estimators and we make simulation study of these estimators. Finally, a real data has been taken into consideration to demonstrate how well the estimators perform.

The objective of my research is to establish facts and determine their significance. A new -convergent piecewise uniform mesh has been produced, by deriving a hybrid technique to find out the extent of subdomains (????) of the singular boundary layers that occur when solving some of the differential equation problems numerically, where ????, is set to multiply terms covering the highest derivatives in the differential equation, in which determinant is zero, these boundary layers are adjacent to the boundary of the domain, where the solution yields a very deep gradient. The mesh has been used with the difference scheme function code in the MATLAB program; specifically, PDEPE that is solving initial-boundary value problems pertained parabolic-elliptic PDEs. It was applied to solve multiple examples then comparing the maximum error of the solutions with its counterpart "uniform mesh" and proving its superiority. Results, solutions, and comparisons were exposed with concise explanatory MATLAB plots manifested in some necessary tables for comparative studies.

In this paper, linear systems with variable coefficients (Euler's equations) were solved using one of the numerical methods that are subject to initial conditions defined over a given period of time .The explicit Rung-Kutta method is the fastest and most common numerical method starting with an initial value, the Rung-Kutta second order and Rung-Kutta fourth order. Analytical solutions of systems (systems with variable coefficients and systems with constant coefficients) were compared with the results of approximate solutions of the numerical method (Rung-Kutta second order And fourth order) and find out the accuracy of the results obtained for this approximate method after applying the Rung-Kutta algorithms performed with the Matlab program and finding the ratio of relative error between the exact and approximate solutions of the numerical method used, as well as solving a number of linear systems of Euler's equations of the first order supporting your results

In this paper, we propose a novel form of Generalized Unbiased Optimal Estimator where the explanatory variables are multicollinear. The proposed estimator's bias, variance, and mean square error matrix (MSE) are calculated. The MSE criterion is used to compare the performance of this estimator against that of other estimators. Finally, a numerical example is examined to understand more about the new estimator's performance.

The main objective of this paper is to present random ordinary differential equations with multi fractional derivatives and to use the homotopy analysis method to approximate the solution of such equations with different generations of the Weiner process or Brawnian motion. One of the most important and efficient methods for solving various mathematical problems with different operators, linear and nonlinear, ordinary or partial differential equations, integral equations, and so on, is the homotopy analysis method.

The Fourier transformations have stimulated many amounts of articles in recent years. they arise in the fields of engineering, control systems, and technology like analyzing signals in electronic circuits, radio circuits, cell phones, image processing, and in solutions to heat transfer equations, Airy equations, Telegraph equations, Duffing equations, Wave equations, Fisher equations, Laplace equation, etc. In this paper, a new iterative method called Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) is implemented to obtain the Fourier transform of functions by solving a linear ordinary differential equation of first order. This method focuses on finding Fourier transforms by knowing the series resulting from Adomian polynomials. Five famous examples are presented to test the effectiveness and validity of this technique. The results indicate that the accuracy of this method is fully in agreement with the classical method. Furthermore, when applying the Adomian decomposition method, we noticed that it provides accurate results and does not require a lot of time and effort to obtain Fourier transforms of the functions because it does not require a large number of iterations.

Many integral transformations have been proposed, tasted and proven to solve many applications in various scientific fields. The diversity of integral transformations comes from their unique ability to solve problems by transforming them from one domain where the solution is given by a complex mathematical procedure to another domain where simple algebraic methods can solve them. On this basis, many of these transformations and knowledge appeared on the field of real numbers and the field of complex numbers. The reason for the diversity of these transforms is the need for them in solving some mathematical equations and physical equations or that pertain to any branch of applied sciences, so they have proven their strength in solving differential and complementary equations and differential systems in addition to scientific applications. The Laplace Transform was one of the first transformations that contributed to the solution of mathematical equations, and then dozens of transformations appeared, which depended mainly on the Laplace Transform. This work demonstrates the temporal diversity of the integral transformations by presenting a group of integral transformations with their basic characteristics. We dealt with single and double integrals.

In this paper, the notions of bipolar valued fuzzy SA-subalgebras and bipolar valued fuzzy SA-ideals on SA-algebras with their properties are familiarized. Several theorems are stated and proved with their examples. After that we introduced new notion which is negative anti-fuzzy SA-subalgebra(SA-ideal) of SA-algebra . The image and inverse image of bipolar valued fuzzy SA-subalgebras and bipolar valued fuzzy SA-ideals are defined and how the homomorphic images and inverse images of bipolar valued become bipolar valued fuzzy on SA-algebras is studied as well.
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The main objective of this paper is to present random ordinary differential equations with multi fractional derivatives and to use the homotopy analysis method to approximate the solution of such equations with different generations of the Weiner process or Brawnian motion. One of the most important and efficient methods for solving various mathematical problems with different operators, linear and nonlinear, ordinary or partial differential equations, integral equations, and so on, is the homotopy analysis method.

The Fourier transformations have stimulated many amounts of articles in recent years. they arise in the fields of engineering, control systems, and technology like analyzing signals in electronic circuits, radio circuits, cell phones, image processing, and in solutions to heat transfer equations, Airy equations, Telegraph equations, Duffing equations, Wave equations, Fisher equations, Laplace equation, etc. In this paper, a new iterative method called Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) is implemented to obtain the Fourier transform of functions by solving a linear ordinary differential equation of first order. This method focuses on finding Fourier transforms by knowing the series resulting from Adomian polynomials. Five famous examples are presented to test the effectiveness and validity of this technique. The results indicate that the accuracy of this method is fully in agreement with the classical method. Furthermore, when applying the Adomian decomposition method, we noticed that it provides accurate results and does not require a lot of time and effort to obtain Fourier transforms of the functions because it does not require a large number of iterations.

The vertical electrical sounding (VES) survey was carried out using a Schlumberger array. The purpose of this study is to investigate groundwater in the West of Ramadi City. Fieldwork for 20 VES points was carried out. The results of VES are presented through geo-electrical sections which indicate the presence of an aquifer in the studied area. Display the resistivity variation between the irregular portions of the water table and the host sediment. The vertical extension of the wet zone is between 1.5 m to 9.5 m. Where groundwater level in the three wells located in the University of Anbar, a 7-kilometer area and 18-kilometer area, was identical to its level in the three imaging reversed models.