Samarra Journal of Pure and Applied Science

The study aims to evaluate the relationship between osteocalcin and vitamin D with some biochemical indicators in thyroid patients, as the study was conducted on 90 samples of blood serum (male and female), 30 samples for hyperthyroid patients (G-1), and 30 samples for hypothyroid patients. Thyroid activity (G-2), and 30 healthy samples as a control group. The study included measuring the level of thyroid hormones, which are thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), osteocalcin, vitamin D and calcium, as the first group (G1) includes samples that have a level (hyperactivity of the thyroid gland). The second group (G2 samples that have hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism). The results showed an insignificant decrease in the level of the hormone (TSH) for the G1 group and an insignificant increase in the level of the hormone (TSH) for the G2 group compared with the control group. Also, a significant increase in the level of the hormone (TSH) for the G2 group. Hormone (T3) of the G1 group, and an insignificant in the level of the hormone (T3) between the two groups G2 and the control group, an insignificant increase in the level of acetocalcin in the G1 group and an insignificant decrease in the level of the hormone in the G2 group compared with the group Control, and a significant decrease in the level of Ca2+ in the G2 group and insignificant between the group G1 and the control for the level of calcium, as well as a significant decrease in the level of vitamin D in the two groups G1 and G2 compared with the control group.

Thin films of poly vinyl chloride , which suffer from changes and photo degradation when exposed to atmospheric effects, were prepared so it needs to introduce additives that act as optical stabilizers as was done in the current research as carbon nanotubes have been used as a optical stabilizer of PVC polymer, which has reduced weight loss and changes that occur on the surface when these films are irradiated, the additives work by absorbing ultraviolet radiation to reduce polymer chain fracture, weight loss and Surface changes. The velocity constant was measured, the carbonyl and polyene modulus was calculated and the polymer surface was studied with a scanning electron microscope.

Paracetamol (Par) is determined by an indirect, simple, Economic method. This method is based on the reaction of access of Potassium Permanganate (PP) as an oxidation reagent with Par, the access of PP reacts with Methyl Red Dye (MR. When the Par concentration increases, the access of PP decreases, and the dye concentration which oxiadizes decreases, then the absorbance will increase with the increase of Par concentration. A number of conditions affecting on the reaction have been studied in order to reach the best results. The linearity was up to 0.4-1.1 µg/ml, the value of R2 was 0.9983, molar absorptivity was 46525.06000 L/mol.cm, Sandell's index was 0.00334 µg/cm2, and the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.01740 and 0,05220 µg/ml respectively. The method applied successfully to determination of Par in synthetic and Pharmaceutical forms.

A Simple, Fast, and Economic Spectrophotometric method for the Determination of Par, Ibu, and Caf in their Synthetic and Pharmaceutical Mixtures. The method is a Vierordt's method (Simultaneous Equations) and Crammer's rule for dissolving the trinomial equations. The absorbance at maximum wavelength of these components were measured at 242, 222, and 274 nm respectively. The linearity of all calibration curves was 5-50 µg/ml except the calibration curve of Par at 274 nm was 15-50 µg/ml. The values of R2 were between 0.9973-0.9996. the accuracy and precision of the method were tested, The Rec% values were between 95.20138-104.79505% and RSD% values were between 0.85148-3.08486% within-day and 0.92810-2.88425% with-out day. The method was successfully applied for the determination of mentioned components in their synthetic and pharmaceutical mixtures.

Using calcium oxide-based catalyst, optimization of two-stages trans-esterification processes at a fixed catalyst (1.0 wt. %) and molar ratio (1:6) was achieved. Processes were tested on Jatropha, Sweet Almond and Sesame seed oils to produce and compare biodiesel yields. An optimization solution of speed (629.630 rpm), temperature (26.661 oC), and time (60 min) resulted in an 83.304% for refined jatropha biodiesel (RJB) production, with an overall attractiveness of 0.853. The expected optimal yield rates of 86.915–90% obtained from various models were higher than the ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214 standards, which both required an experimental range of 46–55 % in conventional biodiesel production. The effects of speed and temperature on biodiesel yield from the refined jatropha oil (RJO), refined sweet almond oil (RSAO), and refined sesame oil (RSO) were major parameters that greatly influenced the yield, although time only changed the yield moderately.

The current study aimed to identify the protective effect of walnut oil and Indian premium oil and compare their effect with the effect of L-Carnitin on some physiological and biochemical parameters of local male rabbits suffering from experimentally induced hyperprolactinemia. T4. Hyperprolactinemia was induced in male rabbits used in the study by subcutaneous injection of domperidone at a concentration (4 mg/kg) dissolved in physiological solution (normal saline) and Tween-80, simultaneously dosed at 0.5 ml/kg of walnut oil and walnut oil. The Indian premium and L-carnitine, each according to the specific group, for the purpose of identifying the preventive effect of each compound, and the duration of the experiment lasted (30 days). Rabbits were divided into 5 groups, the negative control group (the healthy control) (C-ve), the positive control group (the infected control) (C+ve) injected with domperidone, the Indian premium oil group (G1), the walnut oil group (G2) and the drug L-group. Carnitine (G3), and the following results were obtained for a significant (P≤0.05) increase in the concentration of T3 in the blood sera of local male rabbits in group (C+ve) compared to the rest of the groups. T4 showed an increase in carnitine group (G3) compared to the other of the groups, while TSH showed a significant increase in the (C+ve) and (C-ve) group compared to the other of the groups. And a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the concentration of albumin in the blood sera of local male rabbits in the positive control group (C+ve) and (G1) compared to the rest of the groups, while the total protein showed a significant increase in (G2) compared to the other of the groups.

Seed germination is one of the basic and vital stages in the plant life cycle which is affected by many factors. Different techniques can be used to enhance germination and crop yield like seed priming that is considered as a physiological treatment that improves seed performance and provide faster and synchronized germination The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of different priming methods on the seeds germination of hybrid maize (hybrid Tikrit variety) with tow durations (12, 18 hours) under laboratory conditions. Seeds were subjected to hydro- priming, hormonal priming with gibberellic acid and salicylic acid, priming with liquorice extract, and the interaction among them in comparison with the control (dry seeds). A laboratory screening was conducted at the faculty of Agricultural/ Tikrit University during in March 2021 using a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The results showed that hydro- priming for 12 hours have recorded a significant increase in the level of most of the germination parameters {first and final seed germination% (86.67%, 84.00%), plumule and radical length (8.750 cm, 6.633 cm), first and final seedling vigor index (136.6, 130.8), speed of germination (1.889 seed/day), response index (-0.0412), mean of seedling fresh weight (0.7120 gm), and seed vigor (16.21)}. The maximum mean seedling dry weight was recorded to the treatment of the interaction with salicylic acid and liquorice extract, and hydro-priming (15.3000 mg) for 18 hours. While the parameter of daily seed growth rate did not give any significant differences. Results proved the effectiveness of the 12 hours hydro- priming treatment than the rest of the treatments.

This study was conducted in Umm Qasser, which is located in Al-Zubair district, in Basra. The research focused on studying the soil content of sulfates, chlorides, and organic matter. The research aims to measure the concentrations of salts and organic matter, compare them with standard specifications, and to know whether these concentrations affect the engineering behavior of the soil or not, and chemical tests were carried out for them. The results show that the average of sulfate is 0.55%, gypsum is 4.75%, chloride is 0.35% and organic matter is 4.28%. The study shows that the soil content of chlorides, organic matter, and Gypsum were within the effective limits on engineering behavior of soil except for other forms of sulfates, and the study shows that the fluctuation of the soil content of salts, and organic matter from one site to another, and at different depths is subject to change with time due to its influence by geological and environmental factors at the study area.

Four sites south of Al-Hammar Marsh southern part of Mesopotamia were selected and dug at different depths. The first site is at a 2m depth, the second site is 4 m, the third and fourth sites are 9m. The results of the analyzes of heavy minerals showed different types, where opaque minerals dominated with a percentage of 35.15%, followed by the transparent minerals, Chlorite, Hornblende, Muscovite, Zircon, Biotite and Epidote. The tripartite chart indicates, the studied samples are considered medium stability and close to being highly stable. The sediments of the study area were characterized by stable minerals because they contain a high percentage of opaque minerals in addition to a high percentage of ultra-stable minerals. The largest part of the sediments of the study area is the result of weathering of rocks from elevated areas in one cycle and with a rapid transport process that reduces the effect of weathering, which is inferred from the presence of unstable minerals in the sediments and that the presence of unstable minerals such as hornblende and pyroxene is evidence that the area of origin is of a climate dry or semi-dry, which means that mechanical weathering of the original rocks is more effective than chemical weathering.

The Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) reflector has an optical definition and style that are used to evaluate ultrasound. By adjusting the division of the deepening of the FPI classification, the ultrasound adjusts the optical table of the column. The difference in predicted light caused by a unit change in the depression thickness is what defines the photosensitivity. Performing an optical design on a Fabry-Perot interferometer to replicate the interferometer transport (IT) task of a Gaussian beam. The proliferation of the Gaussian bar stage into the Fabry-Perot interferometer to help translate the replicated IT form. This study is used as a planning tool to make the FPI review easier this is achieved by using column sweep, mirror reflection, and depression scattering, which all contribute to the strong optical influence. An FPI evaluation is concluded with a high degree of optical influence and weight linearity. Putting extremely different elements together.

Corona Virus is one of the dangerous viruses that invaded the world and caused many deaths. Covid 19 have many various of symptoms and this virus infects animals previously, but now it has begun to develop itself through the occurrence of genetic mutations that have caused humans to develop severe respiratory problems ,Which led to the destruction of the health system in more than one country around the world, the transmission of the disease from animals to humans by bats and seafood appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province in December 2019, which was called (Covid 19).The disease may spread through the movement of air in the atmosphere and for short distances or through flying mist when sneezing among people. The incubation period for the virus varies from one person to another approximately (2-14) days. As for the symptoms of those infected with the virus, it may include fever, cough, pain in the throat, and tightness in Breathing, fatigue and discomfort, sometimes there are no symptoms in infected people and the infection may be mild or severe causing pneumonia or acute respiratory syndrome. Viral infection is detected by examining chest x-rays and Collecting a liquid sample using swab from nasal, but these tests do not give a sure and accurate result. Therefore, orientation was carried out using the spiral mare and the polymerase chain reaction.