Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

The study was conducted in the city of Tikrit during the period from September 2021 to September 2022. A total of 228 samples were collected from children attending Salah El-Din General Hospital. The samples were divided into two groups: children and the control group. Routine tests are used initially to confirm Helicobacter pylori infection. Including blood and stool tests. The measurement of selenium and magnesium was performed using the atomic absorption technique. Interleukin-10 was also detected, and the results of the study showed a significant decrease in selenium (73.8500 ± 3.88350 and magnesium (.7700 ± .24730), and IL-10 recorded a high level among the patients who were examined (8.18391 (134,3500 ±). At any level Likelihood (0.05) In conclusion, some trace elements as well as some immunological parameters should be monitored regularly and a patient with H. pylori should receive an adequate intake of food.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial stomach infections and is implicated in a majority of stomach and duodenum ulcer as well as may be gastric cancer. The study showed that the incidence in diyala is nearly high comparing with the surrounding, little known about H. pylori prevalence in this population or other Native communities. In this cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori among people subjects of different age groups ranged between 1 year to >50 years old. Two hundred and fifty of blood samples were collected from patients admitted Teaching hospitals in Baqubaa city and subjected to serological screening test.
The results revealed that the prevalence of H. pylori antibody in human blood samples were 75.2%. the results appeared that H. pylori in males were more infected than females as the rate78.1% among males compared with females’ infection rate was 70%. The study also showed that the high prevalence rate of H. pylori antibody in the blood of patient’s age group 31-40 years was (77.8%), followed by the age group of 41-50 years (76.2%). Regarding risk factors, smoker males were the most infected with H. pylori (78.4%) compared to smoker females (31.7%). The results concluded that, the seroprevalence of H. pylori among human in Diyala Governorate was very high, and the infection occurred at all ages, particularly the youth ages.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of UTI in Salahadin governorate/Iraq, identify the causative agents, their antibiotic sensitivity and their ability to form biofilms; such studies are mandatory to determine the empirical therapy of such cases. A total of 650 urine samples were collected. Two hundred and fifty samples were cultured, as suspected of having UTI, and 193 samples (77.2 %) showed growth (Positive culture), while 57 samples (22.8 %) were negative cultures. Gram-positive bacteria were the predominant cause of UTI (66.7%), while Gram-negative species were found in 33.3%. Staphyloccus spp. were the predominant Gram-positive genus to isolate from UTI patients, while E. coli was the predominant among Gram-negative bacteria. The isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation. The most effective tested antibiotic on the Gram-positive isolates was Nitrofurantoin followed by Chloramphenicol (resistance percentage 19 and 20% respectively), and the least effective one was Azithromycin (64% resistance). While the most effective tested antibiotic on the Gram-negative isolates was Amikacin (only 8% resistance), and the least effective one was erythromycin (98% resistance). Biofilm detection by Congo red agar (CRA) method and microtiter plate (MTP) assay were done; the results showed that by CRA method 81.3% of isolates were biofilm formers. While 96.7% of isolates were detected as biofilm formers by microtiter plat assay. Generally, biofilm formation was more predominant among Gram-positive isolates than Gram-negative ones

Propylthiouracil (PTU) is often used to produce experimental hypothyroidism. In general, PTU generates hepatotoxicity, albeit with dissimilar incidence rates of hepatotoxicity. This study examined the hepatoprotective effects of Saussurea lappa root ethanol extract on experimentally induced hepatotoxicity in female rats. For this study, 25 adult female albino rats were placed into five equal groups: control, PTU, post treated with S. lappa extract, co-administered PTU with S. lappa extract 300mg/kg, and post-treated with levothyroxine. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity, total protein, thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH), and oxidative stress parameters (catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and lipid peroxidation levels) were measured. The liver tissue underwent histological examination. Current findings revealed that S.lappa ethanol root extract significantly improved hepatotoxicity as evidenced by reversal of various biochemical and histopathological changes in female rats. Current study has shown that this promising impact may be due to the antioxidant and free radical scavenging characteristics of S.lappa constituents.

Evaluation of the chemical compounds formed during the process of sterilizing water with chlorine is a very important point. During sterilization the water goes through three stages each stage resulting different chemical compounds. In the first stage, chlorine reacts with iron, magnesium and nitrates. In the second stage it reacts with ammonia and in the third stage it reacts with the organic compounds in the water. Chlorine in these three stages is called combined chlorine. Then it reaches the breaking point, after this point the water must be free from side chemical compounds, and chlorine after this point is called the residual free Chlorine. Drinking water samples were taken from 3 city in Kirkuk governorate, and the concentrations of magnesium, nitrate, sulfate, acetic acid derivatives, as well as the halomethane group in addition to some physical determinants were evaluated.
There were deviations in some chemical concentrations when comparing the results with the last Iraqi specification NO. 417. The deviations that appeared in some concentrations were treated by using two chemical methods, the first using activated carbon and the second using aluminum chloride polymer. The importance of the study is to ensure the effectiveness of chlorine by eliminating chemical compounds dangerous in the water.

Development of an easy, inexpensive, fast and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of Folic Acid (FA) by its reaction with 4-nitro aniline reagent, with good sensitivity, as an oxidative coupling method in the presence of Potassium permanganate solution, and it was found that the concentrations that were agreement with Beer-Lambert’s law at the wavelength of 374 nm ranged between 1- 21 µg/ml of folic acid solution, and a deviation from Beer’s law occurs at a concentration higher than 21 µg/mL, gave a linear coefficient and correlation coefficient its value is 0.9994, 0.9996, respectively, While the value of the molar absorption coefficient 12138.5 L/mol.cm and Sandel's sensitivity 0.0363 gm/cm2 with the limits of qualitative and quantitative detection 0.103 and 0.363 μg / ml-1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of folic acid in its pharmaceutical preparations, from Erbil Company – Iraq. Trade name (folic acide).

The current study depends on lithofacies analysis of Kolosh Formation at Tigran region in north-eastern Iraq. Depending on the physical criteria as grain size, color, texture, and etc., the formation is divided to five lithofacies: pebbly sandstone, coarse sandstone, graded sandstone, mudstone and shale lithofacies. Several sedimentary cycles and depositional regimes were fixed in the studied section represent by high energy regime as pebbly sandstone and medium to low regime as mudstone and shale lithofacies. Based on the data of lithofacies which compared with hypothetical model of the common turbidity deposits, the formation was deposited in submarine fans environments. The secondary depositional environments of the study section are divided into channel and inner fan environments. The Kolosh Formation in northern Iraq was deposited in an active margin basin when the northeast Arabian Plate collided with the Eurasian plate at the final stages of Neo-Tethys closing, which has resulted in large uplifts and subsidence episodes due to eustatic rises and falls.

The Mawat ophiolite complex (MOC) is a part of the Zagros Suture Zone, which extends of about 2000 km from southeastern Turkey through northern Syria and Iraq to western and southern Iran. The serpentinite rocks are exposed at Waras area near Betwat village. Serpentinite rocks from this area have been studied to assess their suitability for use as dimension stone. Ten samples were collected in the studied area to establish their physical and mechanical properties. Petrographic studies indicate that the serpentinite rocks in the studied area are composed mostly of serpentine minerals so the results of the color measurement show multiple colors of the studied samples after polishing which are grayish green, greenish black, brownish black, olive brown and dark yellowish green. Physical properties for the studied samples were determined they show low bulk density while the water absorption for all the studied samples except sample (10) show suitability for the interior uses, as well as only the samples (4, 6, 7, 8 and 9) exhibit suitable range of interior and exterior uses. The results of the compressive strength and modulus of rupture of the studied samples are below the requirement. According to the American Standard for Testing and Materials, ASTM C1526-02(2002) the serpentinite rocks from Waras area is not suitable for the use as dimension stone.

The supply of freshwater is essential to life, socio-economic development, and political stability in the Middle East. Recently, Iraq's rivers have experienced extreme shortage water scarcity as a result of climate change, as evidenced by the rarity of rainfall and high temperatures. To assess the Euphrates river water for drinking and irrigation uses in Haditha city, Ten water samples were collected in the study region and analyzed for major ions. It was established that water samples in the study region are considered freshwater, low enrichment of salts, and slightly alkaline water. Piper diagram indicates the overall samples belong to class1 (Mg 2+, Ca 2+, SO4 2-, Cl -) and category I (Ca 2+ - Mg 2+ and SO4 2- - Cl -), calcium chloride type (permanent hardness). The Water Quality Index shows that water samples are suitable for drinking purposes. All water sample is suitable for irrigation in the study region.

In this paper, several innovative designs of magnetic lenses were designed, a bipolar lens with different geometries, where the outer pole arm denoted by the symbol (L) was changed. With a current density (6 A / m²) and after its design, the geometric parameters were studied in terms of magnetic properties, then the optical properties were studied in terms of aberrations, i.e. the coefficient of spherical aberration and the coefficient of chromatic aberration. Which led to minor changes in some of them, while others did not make any changes

The investigation of a study of each design included the calculation of its axial magnetic field the magnetization of the lens in addition to the magnetic flux density using Finite Element Method (FEM) at three different values of current density (σ = 2,4 and 6 A/mm2). So clearest values and behavior have been obtained at the value current density of (2 A/mm2). It is found that the best magnetizing properties, the highest value of magnetic flux and the lowest value of band width of the axial magnetic field strength have been obtained when the pole head shape length was of (1 mm). The effect of current density on the optical properties has been also studied, and it is found that optical properties have been improved also, and chromatic and spherical aberration values have been decreased significantly. Thus, lens was chosen as the best design among the proposed designs

The potable water declined after the global climate crisis. Due to global warming. River levels have also decreased. Moreover, so much has become dependent on the water from the wells. Which are often salty. Purifying this water often requires many fossil fuels that cause damage to the environment. Therefore, the researchers turned to renewable energy sources, including solar energy. In this paper, we designed and made a solar distiller, a single sink with a double slope. It is used to desalinate water and remove salt from water using solar energy. This technique is the best solution for obtaining water in remote and desert areas where potable water is not available. The purpose of the research is to study variables that promote increased efficiency. Study the use of phase change materials (PCM) to enhance the productivity of solar distillers. Bitumen was used to store solar thermal energy in latent heat. It has increased efficiency by (15–25%). For the distiller using bitumen in the basin relative to the distiller to which it is not added.

Using the idea of ic-open sets, we introduce and investigate the topological qualities of an ic-closure, ic-interior, ic-limit points, ic-derived, ic-border, ic-frontier, and ic-exterior of a set. Introduce the concepts of "ic-continuous mappings," "ic-open mappings," "ic-irresolute mappings," "ic-totally continuous mappings," and "ic-homeomorphism," and then look into some of the properties of these mappings.

In this paper, three criteria scheduling problem of n jobs on a single machine is considered. Each of these n jobs is to be processed without interruption and becomes available for processing at time zero. The problem is to minimize three objectives simultaneously, which are the completion time, maximum tardiness, and maximum earliness. Here, we develop a fuzzy multi-objective linear programming (FMOLP) model for solving multi-objective scheduling problem in a fuzzy environment by using piecewise linear membership function (PLMF). A numerical example demonstrates the feasibility of applying the proposed model to scheduling problem, and yields a compromised solution to help the decision maker’s overall levels of satisfaction. The algorithm is tested to show the ability of applying this model to three criteria.

This paper considers a bi-criteria planning problems on a single machine, with the goal of minimizing total square time duration and maximizing earliness. To solve this problem we have to find the Pareto set. We introduced a strong relation between lower bound, upper bound of the problem and the number of efficient solutions via a theorem which shows also that the lower bound is near to optimal solution if the number of efficient solutions is small