Journal of the College of Education for Girls for Humanities

The close connection between the Qur’an and grammar made grammarians face difficulties and cross the darkness of the night with the effort exerted to bring grammar to the form that is worthy of accompanying the Noble Qur’an, and they were thus the first to precede in this field, and their ideas and studies were the focus of ancient and modern studies, and the difference of those modern studies in renewing and reforming grammar was the first motive to address some of these modern studies and discover what is actually suitable for facilitation and what leads to complexity and difficulty. The difference and agreement of those opinions, and the choice fell on Dr. Ibrahim Anis and Dr. Tamam Hassan, to be the study blog on the subject of “The Sentence between Dr. Ibrahim Anis and Dr. Tamam Hassan (A Comparative Study)” to know the extent of the agreement of the moderns on the source of the difficulty of the sentence, and where are the weak points in them compared to inherited grammar, and where are the strengths in them, and what is new that deserves care and great attention from their ideas. The research was based on two requirements: The first requirement: Comparison in grammatical topics, and the second requirement: Comparison in grammatical tense. - The comparison between Dr. Ibrahim Anis and Dr. Tamam Hassan was shown in several areas, and a presentation of the division of the sentence according to them and what they added new and what they added to the old division, then the research showed the extent of the difference and agreement between them with an objective comparison, followed by the conclusion.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the Master of the Eloquent and the Imam of the Eloquent, the Messenger of Mercy to the Worlds, the Noble Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and upon his pure and good family, and those who follow them in righteousness until the Day of Judgment.

And after:
Al-Sharif Al-Murtada is considered one of the most prominent Shiite scholars throughout the ages, as he was known for his vast culture and unique knowledge among scholars, as he had knowledge and awareness of jurisprudence, interpretation, language, grammar, literature, rhetoric, and poetry.
Al-Sharif Al-Murtada harnessed his linguistic ability and grammatical energy in defending the Holy Quran, by explaining the reasons for its expression, and showing the places of miracle, beauty and precision in choosing its vocabulary and structures. Al-Sharif Al-Murtada's heritage is full of many places in which Al-Sharif Al-Murtada used language as a means to defend the Holy Quran, and he used to prove the validity of his opinions by the Holy Quran, Arabic poetry, the language of the Arabs and their proverbs. The verbal homonym is only one of those linguistic means that Al-Sharif Al-Murtada excelled in using to defend the Holy Quran. I came across a number of examples in which Al-Sharif Al-Murtada explained the Quranic expression through the verbal homonym, and I arranged them alphabetically according to the Arabic letters.

Every religion has religious texts through which its religious leader explains to its followers the purposes and intentions of those texts. When he departs to the highest companion, his guardians and those who know them explain and clarify those texts. Thus, followers of every religion throughout the ages have searched for someone to clarify for them what is unclear to them in their sacred texts. The same is the case with followers of the Jewish religion, as they have cared about their sacred texts, just as Muslims care about the Holy Quran and the Sunnah. The readings of the religious text in the Jewish religion have varied, and some of those readings have had an impact on the emergence of religious extremism among a number of Jews. The research showed the trends in readings of the Torah and Talmudic texts, and it also indicated the importance of the two books among Jews and their impact on building thought and belief among Jews. It also shed light on the most prominent Jewish sects and their emergence due to the multiple readings of those texts. The research reached a very important conclusion, which is that there is no intrinsic extremism in the heavenly religious text, but rather extremism is either a wrong reading or that the text is distorted.

The greatest danger facing the entire world is the danger of terrorism. Due to its extreme danger, many studies have been presented and several conferences and seminars have been held on the causes of terrorism and ways to treat it, in an attempt to limit this phenomenon. In completion of what the researchers have presented, this study was conducted on the term terrorism in its current meaning, which is a behavior based on armed force to achieve a political goal that does not have legitimacy. The research showed that the term terrorism in this sense was not used by the Holy Quran and was not mentioned in language books, but rather it is a product of Western reality since the Renaissance and the French Revolution. Based on the fact that the Islamic religion is an integrated system with its doctrinal, legislative and moral aspects, the aim of the research was to clarify the legislative position on this practice by relying on the authentic sources of jurisprudential ruling and exposing the deception of those who carry it out, as this statement is of utmost importance in defending the Islamic faith and proving its peacefulness. The research plan was in five demands distributed between defining the term terrorism by tracing its historical practice, and diagnosing the subject of terrorism with defining the jurisprudential ruling and mentioning its basis. The research ended with a conclusion that includes several results it reached.

The research idea was based on the importance of manufacturing industries as the most important activities on which the economic progress process in countries is based, especially in developing countries, and because of their direct impact on the movement of trade in them, and because they are one of the interconnected industries that contribute to revitalizing all industries associated with them from the front or the back, which together increase the national income of the country. Therefore, the research idea came to study the feasibility of (establishing a factory for the production of concrete paving bricks (muqarnas) and concrete side molds), one of the construction industry projects that contribute - in addition to what was mentioned - to the development of the urban movement and construction and building industries in the country. What is required to prove is whether the establishment of this project, which was studied within the framework of this research, has an economic feasibility sufficient to make the investor on the safe side in the future? Are the project returns sufficient to cover all expenses and costs spent on it in addition to the existence of a sufficient scope for profit also according to the foundations and standards adopted in economic feasibility studies for projects? It was concluded that implementing the project is economically feasible.

Business organizations face a complex, changing and intertwined competitive environment generated by global conditions and increasingly changing international positions, especially in the communications and information transfer industry. Perhaps the concept of "proactivity" in the context of organizational behavior refers to the ability to avoid or eliminate undesirable future events or exploit future opportunities by implementing direct decision-making techniques and predicting the future. The process of proactive behavior provides new information that enables the decision-making process and supports humanitarian work before the expected decisive event occurs in the competitive market. This is what the research problem focused on. Therefore, the research objective seeks to know the nature of the relationship between the foundations of proactive leadership as a primary variable under investigation (independent) and the characteristics of the theory of planned behavior as a primary variable under investigation (dependent). The research is being applied in the field at Asiacell Mobile Communications Services Company in Iraq through a descriptive questionnaire prepared to include administrators in the company under investigation, where (115) forms were distributed. After collecting the forms, it appeared that there were (7) invalid forms, thus the number of forms valid for analysis is (108) and in relation to the research topic with the help of statistical means and programs (SPSS) and (LISREL) In order to reach results that benefit the research and achieve its objectives, the research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is that the characteristics of the theory of planned behavior are concerned with achieving the goal of excellence in its competitive environment by the company possessing the foundations of proactive leadership. The research sets a set of scientific recommendations, the most prominent of which is that the company possesses information cadres on its permanent staff that can implement an integrated program for the foundations of proactive leadership that qualify it to become a planner in its behavior for its industry and its surrounding environment.

The current study aims to investigate the possibility of identifying the personality possessed by the individual and its impact on achieving emotional intelligence in the oil products distribution company, as well as determining the personality type of employees in the oil products distribution center by identifying the extent to which the company in the field of study practices the emotional intelligence approach and its impact on personality, and identifying the impact of personality in achieving emotional intelligence for the company, the research sample. It also aims to diagnose emotional intelligence in the organizations concerned with the study (oil products distribution company), as well as knowing the views of employees at the executive level about their practice of intelligence.

The Iraqi Scientific Academy is a cultural institution concerned with the study of the Arabic language and its sciences, in addition to the Kurdish and Syriac languages. The Academy was established in 1947 AD. The Iraqi Scientific Academy, along with the Cairo Academy, is distinguished by their specialization in terminology issues and the Arabization of sciences, and they have the largest balance in this field. The Iraqi Scientific Academy differs from other Arab academies - the Syrian, Libyan, Palestinian and Moroccan language academies - because these Arab academies were limited to the Arabic language and its sciences, unlike the Iraqi Scientific Academy. At the beginning of the establishment of the Iraqi Scientific Academy, its specialization was limited to the Arabic language, but in 1963 AD, two other scientific academies were established, the first for the Syriac language and the other for the Kurdish language. In 1978 AD, the three linguistic academies - Arabic, Kurdish and Syriac - were merged into one scientific academy, which is the Iraqi Scientific Academy. This merger came after the issuance of the Iraqi Scientific Academy Law No. (163 of 1978), as this law emphasized an important issue in the life of Iraqi culture, which stated: “In view of the importance of coordination and integration between specialized scientific institutions with similar missions, and because the experience of the previous stage indicated the scattering of efforts, energies and expertise due to the multiplicity of scientific academies in one country, they decided to establish a unified organizational framework for these The academies ensure coordination and integration among them, while preserving the basic national scientific goals for which the previous academies were established.”

During the first decades of the twentieth century, a number of scholars and clerics emerged in the city of Najaf al-Ashraf, who had effective contributions not only to the public life of the city of Najaf al-Ashraf, but also to Iraq in general, as this country witnessed internal and external events that directly affected its social, economic, cultural and political reality during those decades. Sheikh Muhammad Jawad al-Jaza’iri was one of those figures who had political positions and visions regarding issues imposed by the political reality and its developments in Iraq, especially during the years of World War I and decades afterward. The positions of Sheikh Muhammad Jawad al-Jaza’iri, along with the positions of other media figures in the holy city of Najaf, are what prompted this city to take a national stance against the British occupation. The researcher’s acquisition of telegrams and books issued by British government departments and preserved in the Iraqi National Library and Archives (D.K.W.) regarding Sheikh Muhammad Jawad al-Jaza’iri was the reason that prompted him to write about the influence of Sheikh Muhammad Jawad al-Jaza’iri in the Najaf revolution and to examine the arbitrary measures taken by the British against the Iraqi people. These documents are in English and some of them are in Persian. The research was divided into this introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. The first chapter dealt with a focused presentation of the biography of Sheikh Muhammad Jawad al-Jaza’iri, and was titled “Glimpses from the Life of Sheikh Muhammad Jawad al-Jaza’iri.” The second chapter shed light on the project of resisting the foreign British presence that Sheikh Muhammad Jawad al-Jaza’iri adopted, which was represented by the Islamic Renaissance Society and its practical impact in resisting the British occupation. Therefore, it was titled “The Establishment of the Islamic Renaissance Society and Its Impact on the 1918 Revolution.” The third chapter, which was devoted to discussing how Sheikh al-Jaza’iri was arrested and exiled outside the country, was titled “The Arrest and Exile of Sheikh al-Jaza’iri.” As for the conclusion, the researcher established the most important results that he reached in this research.

The god Amun is one of the most important local gods and deities of Egypt. He first appeared during the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2000-1787 BC). Then his position developed until he became the greatest god in all parts of Egypt. His name was mentioned for the first time in the history of Egypt in the pyramid texts of the Old Kingdom, meaning (the hidden or the concealed), because the ancient Egyptians realized the hidden power of this god, indicating his ability to encompass the existence around him without those around him realizing that characteristic. The word (Amun) is an attribute given to this god more than it is a name, because this word known in the ancient Egyptian language as (Imn) existed before the existence of the god Amun and before it was given to him. This god took different forms, including a goose, a ram, and then a human with a ram’s head. However, all of these forms disappeared, and only the ram form of the god Amun remained. It continued until the end of the pagan religion in Egypt, because the ram form enjoyed excessive sanctity in ancient Egypt, due to the connection between the ram form and the concepts of life and renewal. Birth and resurrection, and this god was given several titles, including (the famous) - (Amun, Lord of the Thrones of the Earthly). The fame of the god Amun as a creator god, his sublime attributes and his multiple abilities were a motive for his unification in his form with many of the gods and deities of ancient Egypt so that these deities would acquire the attributes of the god Amun as a creator god, especially his form in the form of a ram because of the sanctity of this form among the ancient Egyptians.

Islamic arts are diverse and artists have excelled in them all, and each art has its own importance. The art of decorating manuscripts with pictures is considered one of the most important Islamic arts, as they are extremely important illustrated historical documents that have taught us a lot about the history of peoples, their civilizations, and the details of their social lives. Each era has its own artistic school. The first of these schools was the Baghdad School of Painting, followed by the Mughal School, then the Jalayirid, Muzaffarid, Timurid, Safavid, Ottoman, and Indian Mughal schools. Each of these schools was influenced by the style of the school that preceded it for a certain period of time, and then it acquired its own independent artistic personality. The Mughal School was one of those schools that was influenced for a not-so-short period of time by the style of the Baghdad School, and then Chinese influences appeared on it greatly in most of the details of the miniatures. Our study aims to demonstrate these influences by studying them in the manuscript of Jami' al-Tawarikh in its various versions.

Fruits are important food crops for humans because they have high nutritional value and contain most of the food components, in addition to providing calories, minerals, carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins and fats that humans need. Fruits are of economic importance as they occupy an important position in the economic structure in general, and the agricultural sector in particular, and their entry into food manufacturing processes. Therefore, the concentration and diversity of evergreen fruit trees and their cultivation and the impact of factors on them will be studied, starting from the germination and growth stage through vegetative growth and maturity until production and marketing, in addition to the difference in their planting seasons. Despite the scientific progress achieved by humans in the aspects of agricultural operations, and the provision of artificial climatic conditions for growth and production, this has not been able to control all of these conditions except on a small scale, as these conditions have remained and still are the main controller in areas that suffer from an increase in population numbers, as they require an expansion in cultivated areas and production to meet this increase, and the accompanying needs for agricultural crops in general and food in particular.

The research aims to identify
1- Moral flexibility among educational counselors
2- The significance of the differences in moral flexibility among educational counselors according to the gender variable (males, females) and the duration of service and the interaction between them. To achieve the research objectives, the researchers built a moral flexibility scale
which consists of (41) in its final form and its validity and psychometric properties were verified, and the scale was applied in its final form to a sample selected by the cluster random method amounting to (200) male and female counselors, and after applying the tool, the appropriate statistical means were used to achieve the objectives and the results were as follows .....
1- Educational counselors have moral flexibility in light of the differences between the calculated arithmetic mean and the hypothetical mean
2- There are no differences in moral flexibility among educational counselors according to the variables of gender and service (1-5, 6 or more) and the interaction between them, and the researchers presented a number of recommendations and suggestions

The city is a dynamic phenomenon with variable and multiple characteristics due to the multiple functions of that phenomenon. It is also a social, economic, political and cultural unit that grows and develops within a specific fabric and spatial area and operates and is linked according to its own system. This system differs from one city to another. This system includes a group of components and elements that are linked to each other according to relationships that are affected quickly and continuously. This effect then produces changes in the urban fabric of cities that may be positive or negative, and according to the nature of that effect, its strength and source, the size of the city, the size of its population and the uses of land in it change, leading to new relationships between the components of the urban fabric. Consequently, there will be variable functions for the variable components, leading to a change in the function of that city and the interaction of its components. The changes that cities have witnessed have led to results that indicate that developing the theory of spatial development requires finding a relationship between the different theories of social change and spatial organization, so this has become a condition required by spatial organization in human society. This prompted researchers to study the phenomenon to understand the nature of the changes taking place in the urban fabric through a theoretical conceptual study and a practical applied study of the modern urban fabric of the city and to identify and analyze the functional changes in it, and thus diagnose the causes and factors leading to these changes and prove the research hypothesis of the existence of a significant and highly significant impact of the factors associated with urban elements on the functional changes of the modern fabric of the neighborhoods selected in the study during the period 1994-2014 and based on planning methods (multiple linear regression model) and the famous statistical program (SPSS).

This study investigates the effect of the accounting reserve as an independent variable and the size of the company as a control variable on the financial indicators related to the performance of the Omani insurance companies represented by Return on assets (ROA), Earning per share ( EPS) and the market value (MV) for the period 2012-2016. The required data have been collected from the annual reports of insurance companies listed on the Muscat Securities Market (MSM). The study sample consisted of (5) insurance companies listed in the market to determine whether these companies applied the concept of accounting conservatism. The accounting accrual basis was used, and the multiple regression analysis was used to the hypotheses test of the study.
The study Found Omani insurance companies apply the concept of conservatism, and there is a positive effect of this concept on the performance of the return on assets ROA, EPS and the market value of the MV for the period (2012-2016) according to the results mentioned.The study concluded with a number of recommendations, the most prominent of which is increasing the control of the Securities Commission on the insurance companies , the accounting profession, and adopting the appropriate procedures to encourage companies to comply with the level of accounting conservatism acceptable

This study aims to shed a light on the struggle that William Golding emphasizes in his novel, Lord of the Flies. This story was written after the WWII when Golding was a member of the Royal Navy, which inspired him to write Lord of the Flies. It employs figurative images to convey messages of the most controversial issues of that time: religious, psychological and social struggles. Religious struggle is reflected by well-known stories taken from the Holy book, such as Adam and Eve`s fall from the Garden of Eden and the slaughter of Abel and Jesus Christ. These religious images show how the individual blindly pursues the desire of gaining control over the world, as it happened in the last World War. Psychological struggle became the most dominant issue after the war began, especially after Sigmund Freud`s death (the founder of Psychoanalysis Theory) in the first weeks of the WWII. As a Jewish man, Freud got high reputation after the war during which Holocaust happened. Freud's theory was an-in depth analysis of the individual's psychological struggle and their inner beast. This study also provides an example from the Holy Quran demonstrating that man has two spirits (good and evil) which are controlling him. The world before the WWII suffered the social struggle between the two superpowers: Capitalism and Socialism. Through his main characters (Ralph and Jack), Golding uses these axes to create a link between the inner and global struggle.