Journal of University of Babylon

Background: The intersecting clinicopathological features and histological patterns, including cribriform, tubular and solid patterns of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) may end in a problematic diagnosis .ACC has a worse prognosis than PLGA making distinction important for therapeutic and prognostic purposes . The Aims of this study were to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of CD105 and Ki-67 in adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low grade adeoncarcinoma of the salivary glands and to correlate the immunoexpression of these proteins with the clinicopathological findings.
Materials and methods
In this retrospective study , fifty of archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples of salivary gland malignancies were used, twenty five blocks of adenoid cystic carcinomas and twenty five blocks of polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma obtained from the archives of the department of oral pathology / college of dentistry / Baghdad university, Al-Shaheed Ghazi hospital, were included in our study. Four micrometer sections gained and immunostained using monoclonal antibody against CD105 and Ki-67. The immunoexpression was identified by the presence of brown stain in the cytoplasm of tumor cell in CD105 and the presence of brown stain in the nucleus of tumor cell in Ki-67. The proportion of cells that expressed the stain was correlated with the clinicopathological data of the patients.
Results: CD105 expression was found positive in 21 cases of ACC and 20cases of PLGA localized in tumor cells.
andKi-67 expression was found positive in 24 cases of ACC and 23 casesof PLGA localized in tumor cells.
Non- significant statistical relation (P=0.801) was detected regarding CD105 expression in both types of tumor and non- significant statistical relation (P= 0.852) was detected regarding Ki-67 expression in both types of tumor .
Non- significant statistical relation (P=>0.05) was detected regarding CD105 and Ki-67 expression in relation to sex, site and stage in both types of tumor.
Conclusion: Weak expression CD105 and Ki-67 in ACC and PLGA might be explained by CD105 and Ki-67 did not represent an exclusive factors consequently; other factors might be involved in the proliferation, progression and metastasis of both tumor types.

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Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that associated with persistent infections that are difficult to eradicate. Objective: This study aims to determine biofilm forming potential of P. aeruginosa and its correlation with antibiotics resistance and presence of AlgD gene. Materilals and Methods: The present study carried out in Azady teaching general hospital in Kirkuk city during the period from August 2017 to May 2018, one hundred isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa had been obtained from (1260) different clinical specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer method, biofilm formation analyzed by Microtiter plate quantitative method, and AlgD gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: A lower percentage of antibiotic resistance was against piperacillin/tazobactam (5%), cefepime (24%), and ceftazidime (26%) while, higher resistance percentage was seen against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (98%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (97%), multi-drug resistance (MDR) formed (60%) of total isolates. Biofilm formation found in (98%) of total isolates. AlgD gene detected by PCR technique found in (98%) of total isolates, AlgD gene was found only in biofilm former isolates. Conclusions: Significant correlation found between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Strong correlation observed between presence of AlgD gene and biofilm formation

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The aim: The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the scope of conservative method effectiveness in the treatment of sub-condylar fracture of the mandible through the assessment the possible complications.
Materials and method: 20 patients with unilateral sub-condylar fracture were treated with conservative method by arch bar and stainless steel wires, and then evaluate the possible post-operative complications, the follow up examinations, including clinical, radiographic measurements, and subjective parameter like pain by visual analogue scale (VAS) for period of (4) months, including (6) visits .
Results: Post-operatively, regarding deviation, radiographically, in (70%) of the patients, the deviation is not significant (<3%) [i.e. the deviation not clear clinically, although it indeed radiographically exist],in (15%) of the patients is significant (>3%) [clinically mild deviation],and the others (15%)of the patients are symmetrical (0%). The visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain shows significant mean difference related to sex (p=0.031), the pain is higher in female, however, it decreases in both sexes with the time. There is a significant indirect strong correlation (p=0.001) between pain and mouth opening limitation. Lastly, the limitation of mouth opening is not significant to sex ,age, deviation, or the cause of fracture.
Conclusion: The adjustment of occlusion during IMF for patient with subcondylar fracture treated with closed reduction, play an important role in minimizing the possible post-operative facial asymmetry. Most patients with subcondylar fracture, especially those with mild or moderate displacement (less than 45 degrees) can be successfully treated with closed reduction with minimal post-operative complications.

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Background: Several studies have been focused on interstitial lung disease among patients with established rheumatoid arthritis, with fluctuating incidence and prevalence depending on the methods used.
Patients and Methods: A case- control study design was used in this study performed on 100 cases with RA (50 cases with ILD). Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version18. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables were presented as means with their confidence interval (CI) and standard deviation. The Pearson's chi-square test was used to determine the associations between categorical variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that associated with persistent infections that are difficult to eradicate. Objective: This study aims to determine biofilm forming potential of P. aeruginosa and its correlation with antibiotics resistance and presence of AlgD gene. Materilals and Methods: The present study carried out in Azady teaching general hospital in Kirkuk city during the period from August 2017 to May 2018, one hundred isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa had been obtained from (1260) different clinical specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer method, biofilm formation analyzed by Microtiter plate quantitative method, and AlgD gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: A lower percentage of antibiotic resistance was against piperacillin/tazobactam (5%), cefepime (24%), and ceftazidime (26%) while, higher resistance percentage was seen against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (98%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (97%), multi-drug resistance (MDR) formed (60%) of total isolates. Biofilm formation found in (98%) of total isolates. AlgD gene detected by PCR technique found in (98%) of total isolates, AlgD gene was found only in biofilm former isolates. Conclusions: Significant correlation found between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Strong correlation observed between presence of AlgD gene and biofilm formation

Density functional theory (DFT) has been used in this work at the B3LYP level with (6-31G**) basis set to find out Energy Gap, Ionic Charge and Infrared Spectra (IR) of Ge Nanocrystals for crystal 8, 16 , 54 , 64 and 128 atoms, the study shows that the energy gap decrease with increasing of the number of atoms in crystal which have the same lattice constant approximately .
While the atomic charge is studied for two states, the 8 and 64 atoms oxygenated surfaces, the results show that there is a gradient of net charge from the oxygen atoms on the surface toward the Ge atoms at the center of each crystal,
According to Infrared spectra there are two types of stretching vibration, symmetric and asymmetric, the symmetric stretching happens when the bonds of the same atoms vibrate in the same phase which appear as peak point, and the asymmetric stretching happens when the bonds vibrate in different phases which appear as bottom point.

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Throughout this article, we present locally S-prime, locally S-primary and locally S-semiprime submodules, as generalizations of S-prime, S-primary and S-semiprime submodules respectively. We investigate some properties and characterizations of these modules. For a multiplication module, the concepts of P(N)-locally primary and locally S-primary are equivalent. Finally, we give the following result, if M is multiplication module, then K is locally primary submodule, if there exists a P(N)-locally primary ideal of R such that K=IM and M≠IM. We provided that, every locally S-semiprime submodule of multiplication module is the intersection of some locally S-prime submodule

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most important Integer Programming
Problems (IPP) in the field of Operations Research (OR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), this problem
has been discussed under different titles and has been solved using different methods, but not limited
to; Genetic Algorithms (GA), Linear Programming (LP) and Fuzzy Linear Programming (FLP). But
the majority of these research has taken special case studies and virtual examples where the number of
nodes is very small and doesn't exceed five nodes in often and it is known that this number does not
represent a realistic solution to the problems of the real world; as well as that this research did not
explain in detail how to solve (TSP) by using Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming (FMOLP)
with sub-tours. From this point of view, this research has been resolved (TSP) in all cities of Iraq (18
cities) by using the approach of (max-min) where associated with (FMOLP) model, real-world
problems are characterized by multi-objective, and most of the information available about real-life
systems is in a uncertainty environment, thus, fuzzy methods have been designed to deal with such
problems by finding optimal solutions for models that include multi-objective function or fuzzy
parameters. We found the optimal solution for the search model based on the readymade program (Win
QSB) respective of operational research applications.

Early neonatal infection is obvious problem resulting in significant morbidity and mortality especially preterm neonates, therefore rapid diagnosis and early treatment paramount to avoid death. The current study was design to determine the frequency of bacterial isolates causing early onset neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility patterns in Duhok province, in which carried out on newborns were admitted to the preterm unit and intensive care unit (ICU) in Maternity & Obstetric Hospital in Duhok/ Iraq, from November 2015 to December 2016. Patients were classified in to two groups (proven and clinical sepsis) according to the clinical signs and blood culture.
Collected blood samples were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion broth and check daily for 3 days for presence of visible microbial growth. Then all purified isolates were confirmed by using BD- Phoenix™ identification and susceptibility testing system provides rapid, accurate and reliable detection of known and emerging antimicrobial resistance. All data obtained, were analyzed by SPSS version 23 windows and Microsoft Excel (2013). One-hundred twenty neonates were studied and the proven sepsis was found in 91(75.8%) cases, while 29 (24.1%) cases reported as negative blood culture. Gram negative bacteria were responsible for most cases of neonatal sepsis 62(68.1%) while Gram positive bacteria were 29(31.9%). The most frequent isolated pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae 30(33%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus 24(26.4%), Escherechia coli 19 (20.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9 (9.9%), followed by Enterobacter aerogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae 3(3.3%), Enterococcus faecalis 2(2.2%), and one isolate of Shigella dysenteriae (1.1%). In conclusion: EOS mainly associated with gram negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae found to be the predominant pathogens. The result of our study reveals that all isolates (both gram negative and gram positive bacteria) were multidrug resistant.

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Psoriasis is one of most common autoimmune cutaneous diseases of the human communities, current study was aimed to determine the role of T-reg in patients with Psoriasis .Obtained data explained that psorasis is widely distributed disease at Al-Diwanyia city withen different age groups, the most affected group was the group (1-20) years old followed by the group (21-40) years old with tendency to males than females. ). The relative gene expression in FoxP3 gene showed increment in patients group (7.89±5.82) compared with control group which was (1.91±1.25), NFAT gene showed increment in patients group (7.66±3.27) compared with control group which was (3.002±0.86). AP1gene showed an increment in patients group (5.34±1.08) compared with control group which was (1.88±1.25). Serum profile of TNF-α in patients appeared to be elevated (194±32.9) pg/ml than control group (112±18.6) pg/ml. Obtained data also indicated a remarkable increase in serum concentrations of IL-36 (149.6±31.3)pg/ml, in comparison to control group (37.4±9.9) pg/ml. Over all findings reflect the abnormal increased activity of both T-reg and the effector cells which result in the progression of psoriasis.

A rocking ratchet phenomenon of directed transport is demonstrated. This has been realised with cold rubidium atoms in one dimensional dissipative optical lattice with lin⊥lin configuration. The temperature of the cold atomic cloud is measured by time of flight technique with 29μk. The atom number trapped in the MOT is determined using absorption imaging to be 5.6×〖10〗^6 atoms. The results show the influence of the atomic current amplitude by varying the lattice beams parameters. One of the lattice beams is modulated with different modulation depths. It shows that highest modulation values have a higher atomic current. The current amplitude is also depending on the modulation frequencies. The results indicate the possibility of existence the vibrational frequency. The harmonic amplitude ratio varied and found the ratchet current is growing with increasing the amplitude of one of the lattice beams and at a certain value goes down.

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a major indicator of economy for the United States of America, So the federal government tried to maintain its stability by expanding the growth of public spending, tax revenue and public debt, Which means the use of fiscal policy in the management of the overall supply at the level of the modern economy. This study is aimed to estimate and analyze the impact of financial indicators on economic growth based on time series data covering the period 1990-2015 using the VIF and TOL factors and to test the hypotheses and clarifying the relationship between them to verify the validity of the hypothesis.
The obtained results of the analysis of the standard models of the research show there is a positive effect of the financial indicators on US GDP based on the parameter values of the model, As the increase of public expenditure, public revenues and public debt by 1% will increase the GDP by 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.11% respectively. This is compatible with economic logic and theoretical hypotheses. The study recommends directing public spending and tax revenue as well as public loans towards productive economic areas which supports economic activity and expansion the supply base to cover growing aggregate demand.

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a major indicator of economy for the United States of America, So the federal government tried to maintain its stability by expanding the growth of public spending, tax revenue and public debt, Which means the use of fiscal policy in the management of the overall supply at the level of the modern economy. This study is aimed to estimate and analyze the impact of financial indicators on economic growth based on time series data covering the period 1990-2015 using the VIF and TOL factors and to test the hypotheses and clarifying the relationship between them to verify the validity of the hypothesis.
The obtained results of the analysis of the standard models of the research show there is a positive effect of the financial indicators on US GDP based on the parameter values of the model, As the increase of public expenditure, public revenues and public debt by 1% will increase the GDP by 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.11% respectively. This is compatible with economic logic and theoretical hypotheses. The study recommends directing public spending and tax revenue as well as public loans towards productive economic areas which supports economic activity and expansion the supply base to cover growing aggregate demand.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) type Two is a major worldwide health problem leading to an increase mortality and serious morbidity. Immunological disturbances involving the cell mediated immune system and improper-lymphocyte function contributes to the path physiological of type Two- DM. The study consist of 50 subjects, ages ranging between (15-85) years who attended to Al-Kazimaih medical hospital in Baghdad/Iraq which divided in to two groups; the first group consists 35 patient (20 females and 15 male) and the second 15 (5 female and 10 males) normal healthy as a control. The patients with type Two -DM were detected for IL-6 and CRP markers so as for control by ELISA test and agglutination test respectively. The results revealed that’s no significant differences (p≥0.05) between the level of CRP in patients type Two- DM and level of CRP in control. So as there were significant differences (p≤0.05) between the levels of IL-6 concentrations in type Two- DM and control represented by increase of IL- 6 in control than in patients. This study aimed to assess and compare the level of serum IL-6 and CRP in patient of type Two- DM in Iraqi patients in Baghdad city.

Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii and transmitted to humans by consumption of raw meat or foods contaminated with feces of infected cats. Infection during pregnancy may be transmitted to the fetus causing significant morbidity and mortality. This study is a cross sectional study conducted on (98) pregnant women attending Babylon Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital during February 2019 who are aged (17-40) years with a mean age of (25.0 ± 4.9), and aims to evaluate their knowledge about the disease, its role in pregnancy, effects on the fetus, and their practice toward its prevention. Significant knowledge difference was found between urban and rural residents. Similarly, educational level had significant impact on knowledge. In conclusion, the study found that Iraqi pregnant females have medium knowledge about toxoplasmosis, but have poor knowledge about its vaccine. However, their practices are generally good in favor of preventing its transmission.

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Hypertension is an elevation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg, or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg, or using antihypertensive drugs. Arterial hypertension causes high morbidity and mortality because its harmful impact on many systems, especially the cardiovascular system. Despite good control of their blood pressure, young patients with non-complicated hypertension are usually presented with exercise intolerance which necessitate the search for possible causes. Aim: The present study is targeted to discover possible subtle systolic dysfunction and its correlation with exercise capacity among young age patients with chronic non complicated hypertension as well as to assign the main factors affecting exercise capacity in those patients. Methods: A total of 80 young age participants involved in this study. They are grouped as a group I (control subjects) , n= 40 (female: 17, male: 23) and group II (hypertensive patients), n= 40 (male: 27, female: 13) with different BMI levels. Group II further subdivided into group A (exercise capacity > 7 MET) and B (exercise capacity≤7 MET). Strain analysis was performed using propriety software on the echocardiograph. TDI and PWD are used to measure E/e, and PCWP. All participants are subjected to treadmill test using Bruce protocol in order to obtain exercise capacity and to exclude IHD. Results: Compared to normal subjects, non-complicated hypertensive patients have significantly reduced GLS (P value: 0.00) and increased PSI (P value: 0.00) as well as a significant increase in E/e, (P value: 0.00), PCWP (P value: 0.00) and a significant reduction in exercise capacity (P value: 0.00). In hypertensive patients with exercise capacity ≤7 MET versus those with exercise capacity >7 MET, there is no statistical difference between the average GLS (P value:0.6), average PSI (P value: 0.07) while significant elevation of E/e, (P value: 0.01) and PCWP (P value: 0.01) are observed in hypertensive patients with lower exercise capacity. Conclusion: Though significant changes in GLS, PSI and lower exercise capacity are evident in hypertensive patients in relation to healthy control subjects, Low exercise capacity in those patients is related to significant diastolic changes rather than subclinical systolic dysfunction.

Cesarean section rates are increasing globally, mainly in developed countries. The World Health Organization stated that there is no justification to have cesarean section rates higher that 10-15%. Although it is necessary in some cases, but it also has high risks of complications for both woman and fetus. This study is a case-control study conducted on (151) women who had delivered in Babylon Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital during February 2019, and aims to determine its associated causes and risk factors. Participants aged (17-40) years with a mean age of (27.1 ± 5.9), 106 of them had a normal delivery, while 45 had a cesarean section. Older age was found to be significantly associated with cesarean section (P-value=0.006). Also, significant association was found between cesarean section and each of mother employment, parental education, diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, anemia, history of stillbirth, previous cesarean section, breech presentation, and twin pregnancy (P-value < 0.05).

The Adsorption of para nitro anline (PNA), by kaolin clay have been achieved investigation by study the effect of initial concentration temperature on this process.
The equilibrium concentration have been performed calculated spectrophoto metrically by using ultra violet-visible technique.
The thermodynamic parameters (∆G,∆H,∆S) have been measured the adsorption is endothermic

Background: Several studies have been focused on interstitial lung disease among patients with established rheumatoid arthritis, with fluctuating incidence and prevalence depending on the methods used.
Patients and Methods: A case- control study design was used in this study performed on 100 cases with RA (50 cases with ILD). Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version18. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables were presented as means with their confidence interval (CI) and standard deviation. The Pearson's chi-square test was used to determine the associations between categorical variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant

background: Giardia lamblia is one of the commonest human intestinal protozoa, it cosmopolitan and is endemic throughout the world with a wide range of mammalian hosts. Objective: This object aimed to focus on molecular detection of β-Giarin gene of Giardia lamblia in
patient with peptic ulcer to investigate an association between Giardia lamblia and Helicobacter pylori
infection.
Methods: a total of 64 stool sample were collected from patients attending to endoscopy unit
(specialized Marjan Hospital for Internal and Cardiac Diseases in Babylon province) for their peptic ulcer symptoms And were positive for H. pylori. Polymerase chain reaction was achived by primers that targeted the (β-Giardin) gene (218pb) of Giardia lamblia.
Results: in this study 64 stool sample were collected from patients with peptic ulcer, Giardia lamblia infection was found in 12 (18.7%) according to direct examination of stool sample, while 21 (32.8%)
was positive to giardiasis when used PCR for detection of β-Giardin gene (218pb) ,also the percentage of infection in male was significantly (p <0.05) higher than female with giardiasis infection isolated from peptic ulcer patients and the most frequent symptom was heartburn (15.6%) and diarrhea ( 9.3%), followed by abdominal pain (7.8%).
Conclusion: from the results of this study we conclude that Giardia lamblia is high in patients with
peptic ulcer. To investigate the causes of peptic ulcer, it should be considered the Giardia lamblia infection as an etiologic factor. This approach will be useful in diagnosis and management of peptic ulcer

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Background : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease and has remarkable effects on cardiac functions, including those of the right ventricle, left ventricle, and pulmonary blood vessels. Most of the increased mortality associated with COPD is due to cardiac involvement. Echocardiography(Echo) provides a rapid, noninvasive, portable, and accurate method to evaluate the cardiac changes.
Aim of study: To assess cardiac changes secondary to COPD by echocardiography and to find if there is a correlation between echocardiographic findings and severity of COPD.
Materials and Methods: A total 50 of patients with COPD were diagnosed and staged by pulmonary function test (PFT) according to GOLD criteria into 4 stages. For all patients, detailed history, carful clinical examination, electrocardiography(ECG), chest x ray(CXR), and routine blood tests were done. All patients evaluated by echocardiography.
Results: On echocardiographic evaluation of COPD,40% of cases had normal echocardiographic parameters. Measurable tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was observed in 25/50 (50.0%) of cases . Pulmonary hypertension (PHT), which is defined as systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP)> 30 mmHg was observed in 14/25 (56.0%) of patients with TR (28.0% of total patients) , in which prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe PHT were 7/14 (50.0%), 4/14 (28.6%), and 3/14 (21.4%), respectively. The frequencies of PHT in mild, moderate, severe, and very severe COPD were 7.1%, 14.3 %, 35.7%, and 42.9%, respectively. Cor pulmonale was observed in 6/14 (42.9%) of cases (12.0% of total patients) ; The frequencies of cor pulmonale in patients with mild, moderate, and sever PHT were 0 , 75.0% ,100.0 % ,respectively ; 2.0% cases had left ventricle systolic dysfunction(LVSD) and 10.0% cases had evidence of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction(LVDD). Left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) was found in 4.0% of cases.
Conclusion: Prevalence of cardiovascular complications (especially PHT and cor pulmonale) is high among COPD patients and has a linear relationship with increasing severity of COPD. Echocardiography helps in early detection of cardiac complications in COPD cases giving time for early interventions.

Many papers introduced about the approximation of continuous functions using neural networks. In this paper we use neural network to approximate functions in L_p spaces for p <1. We study the approximation for functions defined on the complete real line using neural networks with radial basis having constant weight. We also use convolution to approximate functions in L_p spaces for p<1 on a compact interval using radial basis function neural networks of constant weights.

The complexes of Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) were synthesized by using schiff base – azo as a ligand, which were prepared under this study by the reaction between the Schiff base diazonium salt and the imidazole derevitive. They were characterized by element analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and UV.VIS. spectroscopy. Their electric conductivity and magnetic features were determined. Their stepwise and overall stability constants and their thermodynamic data (∆G^O, ∆S^O and ∆H^O) were determined. The results showed that all the complexes have paramagnetic features and all of them have good conductivity. The formula of the complexes under this paper were suggested by using the mole ratio method which lead to the formation of (1 : 2) metal : ligand formula for all the complexes. In all the complexes the coordinated sites was through N atoms of the azo groups and N atom of the imidazol ring. The suggested geometrical shapes of the complexes was the octahedral shape due to the ( d2sp3 ) hybridization. Their stepwise stability constants were determined, it was found that for all the complexes they were increased toward the addition of ligand that because of the chelate effect. Their overall stability constants were determined, it was found that for all the complexes were high that because of the chelate effect. Their thermodynamic functions (∆G^O, ∆S^O and ∆H^O ) were had negative value, that refer to good stability for the complexes and these results were satisfied with the spontaneous reaction and high stability complexes.

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