Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

This study was designed to explore the pathological and prophylactic effect of the mix of Dandelion ethanolic extract with the bacterium lactobacillus acidophilus in vitro and in vivo using laboratory mice. Dandelion ethanolic extract, lactobacillus acidophilus and the mix of Dandelion ethanolic extract with the bacterium lactobacillus acidophilus were dealing in in vitro study against (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aerogenosa , Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) using the concentration 100 mg/L for Dandelion extract, also dealing with the virulent bacteria in equal quantity and separately. Lactobacillus acidophilus had the highest inhibitory effect on the Pseudomonas aerogenosa, and the less inhibitory effect was by Dandelion extract, and the inhibitory effect of Dandelion extract on the pathogenic bacteria increased after mixed with lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria. Twenty four mice were randomly divided into six groups, each ghroup contain four animals. The first group infected with Pseudomonas aerogenosa and the dose 1x106 cfu orally for 48 hours. The second group infected with Pseudomonas aerogenosa with dose 1x106 cfu orally for two weeks. The third group infected with Pseudomonas aerogenosa and the dose 1x106 cfu orally for 48 hours, they treated with the mix of Dandelion ethanolic extract and lactobacillus acidophilus orally (0.3 ml/mice) for two weeks. The fourth group were treated with the mix of Dandelion ethanolic extract and lactobacillus acidophilus orally (0.3 ml/mice) for two weeks, and then infected with Pseudomonas aerogenosa and the dose 1x106 cfu orally for 48 hours. The fifth group administered Dandelion extract and concentration 100 mg/ml (0.3 ml/mice) orally for two weeks. The sixth group administered 0.3 ml/mice of normal saline as control group. The histopathological study showed pathological changes in the internal organs of the first and second groups that infected with Pseudomonas aerogenosa bacteria. The mix of Dandelion extract and lactobacillus acidophilus apparently has therapeutic effect more than prophylactic effect on the inhibition of Pseudomonas aerogenosa growth.

Six bread wheat lines and their half diallel crosses were grown by using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications for estimating genetic parameters and the nature of gene action according to Hayman approach (1954) through graphical analysis by dividing the distance between two points of intercepted regression line and parabola curve into four parts and then estimating the amount of dominant and recessive genes exactly for each parent. The results showed that genotypes differed significantly among themselves, other than significant additive variance components were in flag leaf area,No.spikes.plant-1,spike length, and 1000grain weight, while dominance significant in flag leaf area and No.grains.spike-1,though dominance variance (H1) more important than (H2). Positive F values in No.spikes.plant-1,spike length and 1000grains weight indicated of dominant genes than recessive which that confirm by high ratio of average degree of dominance (a‾) (more than 1 in all studied traits that means existence of over dominance, also high ratio of KD/KR refers to abundance of dominant genes more than recessive one in parents of No.spikes. plant-1, spike length, No.grains. spike-1 and 1000grain weight. Heritability in narrow sense were in flag leaf area (0.291), 1000grain weight (0.425) , 1000 grain weight(0.425) and low in no.grains.spike-1 and grain yield.plant-1.Parent (6) exhibited best performance in plant hieght,flag leaf area, and no.spikes.plant-1, also higher in no.grains.spike-1 and superior in grain yield.plant-1 and possessing large amount of dominant genes controlling these traits.

The antibacterial effects of crust removed aqueous garlic extract using diethyl –ether against resistant pathogenic bacteria G+&G-isolates including Enteropathogenic E.coli 0.127, Bacillus cerues ,Listeria monocytogenes Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeroginosa ,were studied .The first concentration don’t give any result(0.25,0.50.0.75) therefore increasing the concentration. Antibacterial activity by well-diffusion and used different concenteration 0.125% ,0.150% , 0.175 % .The result of inhibition zones of L . monocytogenic (33mm – 37mm) for gram positive while gram negative such as salmonella typhi don’t effect to the garlic extract.

This study was conducted in animal house of veterinary medicine college /University of Basra in the period between November to December 2013. This study aimed to investigate the effects of alcoholic seed extract of moringa on some hematological and biochemical parameters of local rabbits . Sixteen female rabbits divided into two groups each one contain 8 animals, first group injected subcutaneous S/C by normal saline and second group injected with alcoholic seed extract of moringa 200 mg /kg/ day for 30 days then blood collected to study the some hematological and lipid profile changes that occur due to administration of alcoholic extract of moringa seed. The results showed significant (p≤0.05) increase in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, Low density lipoprotein, blood Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Platelets, white blood cell WBC counts, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, and significant (p≤0.05) decrease in very Low density lipoprotein and Triglyceride

A field experiment was conducted in factorial layout in RCBD in three replications in order to study the effect of potassium and iron on growth and productivity of this crop. The results showed that potassium significantly enhanced all growth and yield characters while the effect of Iron (Fe) was less significant than K but it has accumulative effect which was significant and clear in plant yield. It can be concluded that nutrients must be added as a foliar application as they have progressive effect on growth as well as yield of mung bean. The high concentrations of those two elements were superior to low concentrations, especially in terms of Fe. Therefore it can be recommended to use higher concentrations of them and widen the growth and yield character in future studies.

The ovaries samples were harvested from local slaughtered of local black Does in Almqudadia carnage . Goats about 1-3 years age were examined . The samples were collected 10 ovaries of each month, starting from 15 July 2012 to 15 July 2013. The samples were excised from bodies of slaughtered animals. The extracted samples were cleared from adjacent structures. The samples were immersed in isotonic saline solution with ice packs during transportation to the experimental lab. Morphometric, ovaries weight were significantly (P<0.01) higher during autumn season(3.68±1.31 gm) in compared to spring season (1.67 ± 0.05gm) . ovary height were significantly (P<0.01) higher during autumn season(10.29±3. 11 mm) in compared to other season and ovaries length were significantly (P<0.01) higher during autumn season(19.31±0.19 mm) in compared to other season and ovaries width were significantly (P<0.01) higher during autumn season(14.86±0.33 mm) in compared to other seasons(winter, spring and summer) (12.69 ± 0.28, 12.63± 0.27, 12.97 ± 0.40 mm, respectively) The numbers of mature follicles significantly (P<0.01) high in autumn season (31.20±1.31) in compared to winter, spring, and summer season and the numbers of immature follicles significantly (P<0.01) higher in autumn season (45.43±0.04) in comparing to winter, spring, and summer season. While the percentage was 40.71± 1.37% in comparison to values of other seasons . conclusion the autumn season effect significantly in ovary changes and reproductive season begin in black local Does.

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the difference in the body weight of the awassi rams at the beginning of the reproductive activity in some measures genitals for the purpose of selecting the optimal weight for this strain . This study was conducted in Ruminant Research Station in Abu Ghraib – Department of Livestock Research – Office of Agricultural Research - Ministry of Agriculture. The study period lasted from 25 September 2014 until 15April. 2015. The study used 15 of the Awassi Turkish rams ranged in age between 11 months - 1.1 years. The rams were divided based on body weight into three groups (Treatments) equal number (5 ram / group) the first treatment (low weight at mean of 48.3 kg). for the second treatment (medium weight at mean of 62.1 kg). Third-treatment (high weight at mean of 69.6 kg) at the start of the experiment. The results showed that the treatments cause highly significant effect (p≤0.01) in favor of the first and second treatments compared with the third treatment in cortisol level. Also there were highly significant effects (p≤0.01) in the testicular measurements benefit of third-treatment compared with the first and second treatments and the results also showed the treatments cause highly significant effects (p ≤ 0.01) on the ejaculate volume . the number of sperm in the ejaculate , individual motility and abnormal sperm percentage benefit of third-treatment compared with the first and second treatment, while there was significantly effect (p≤0.05) in favor third-treatment on mass activity and sperm concentration , and the significant effect benefit second treatment reaction time compared with the first treatment. The conclusion of this study is that the high weight at the beginning of the reproductive activity is the most efficient rams reproductive and therefore the possibility of choosing rams top weight to the survival of herds of sheep as males.

This study was conducted on the floor coverings deployed in the Atroosh region in the province of Dohuk ,and an area of 96.58 km2 . Featuring site Atroosh occurrence within the formations of the mountainous region , has been part of these forests to fires in different periods. For the purpose of knowledge and comparision the biodiversity of burn and unburn forests in the study area, we chose 45 random sample dimensions of 30 m × 30 m, and in this study were compared the diversity of species, structure and composition between two sites, the first burn forests and second unburn. Calculated density, dominance, frequency and importance value index (IVI), as well as family importance value index (FIVI) to assess the composition of plant. We measured diameters and heights for all individual of the two sites and classified into 5 classes, was a class diameter (0.2-5cm) are abundant of the two sites while heights classes the class (0.2-5m) was abundant in both locations. . The study recorded significant differences between the two sites in terms of evidence of biodiversity used in the study Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') (2=5.42), Shannon evenness index (E) (2=4.08) and Simpson's index (1-D) (2=4.77) additive to Species richness (S) (2=10.43).

The study was conducted in the lath house of Horticulture department and Landscape gardening , College of Agriculture ,University of Baghdad during the period from April 2013 to April 2014 to study the effect of soaking bud sticks with Brassinolide{0(soaking with distilled water), 0.02,0.04 and 0.08 mg.l-1}and foliar application by nutrient solution of Agroleaf {0(spray with distilled water ), 2.5 and 5 gm.l-1}on growth of local sweet orange transplants budded on swinglecitrumello seedling rootstocks in a factorial experiment with Randomized Complete Block Design "RCBD" with three replicates. The results could be summarized as follow: Bud sticks soaking with Brassinolide in concentration 0.04mg.l-1 and transplants spray with Agroleaf in concentration 5gm.l-1 and their interaction showed the highest values in all growth characteristics represented as(percentage of bud success, leaves number, leaves area, vegetative and root dry weight, percentage of carbohydrate and nitrogen in branches and C/N ratio, while soaking bud sticks with Brassinolide in concentration 0.08mg.l-1 showed the highest leave’s chlorophyll content.

The experiment conducted durig the season 2013 from April to June in Muradid – Diyala - Iraq, to study the effect of Beauveria. bassiana (BSA3) at concentration of 1 × 10 8 spore / ml , and Licanecillium muscarium at concentration of 1 × 10 7 spore / ml and Spinosad at rate 0.25 ml / l in addition to the tolfenpyrad to reduce the population density of nymphs and adult of whitefly Bemisia tabaci on Beans and cucumbers . The treatment of Mycotal was significantly reduced the population density of whitefly nymphs to 54.49%, followed by Spinosad and the B. bassiana 47.68 % , 42.71 %, respectively. The results showed the effect of tretments in adults of whitefly by Mycotal 52.60%, which the Spinosad 50.615%, and (BSA3) B. bassiana to 38.55%. The conclustion of this study is the use of bio-pesticides on Beans and cucumber can be reduce the population density of whitefly (nymphs and adults) effectively

The study was carried out at biotechnology and Tissue culture laboratories /College of Agriculture / University of Al-Razi / Kermanshah / Iran in summer season-2014. For early detection of chromosomal polyploidy, resulting from soaking the seeds cultured of Cassia angustifolia in three Colchicine solution concentrations (0.01 , 0.025 , 0.05 %) and three periods( 6 , 12 , 24 hour). The study aimed to detect the presence of chromosomal polyploidy depending on the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Results confirmed the chromosomal polyploidy of plants which gave higher Genetic Distance counts the number of chromosomes in the cells of the roots tops. The results of RAPD analysis were clear differences in the number of DNA amplified fragments and molecular weights depending on the primers user, 9 primers gave 78 bands (35 similar bands and 43 polymorphic bands) and estimated the contrast ratio to 55.43% . Highest Genetic Distance was in Colchicine treatment T6 (0.025% X24 hour) 0.39%, followed by plants treatment T3 (0.01 X 24 hours)( 0.35% ) and T7 (0.05 X 6 hours)( 0.33%). The results showed laboratory to calculate the number of chromosomes occur chromosomal polyploidy (4N = 56) in some plants transactions T6, T3, T7, The highest rate chromosomal polyploidy 64.71% in plants treated T7 followed T6 (57.14%) and T3 (26.09%) .

A study on in vitro micropropagation of two citrus Rootstocks (Sacaton Citrumelo and Troyer Citrange) was conducted at the tissue culture laboratory textile of the Department of Horticulture and landscaping College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad, for the period from September 2013 till August 2014.Single nodal segments or terminal shoots were explanted on MT and MS media supplemented with different concentrations of some plant growth regulators. The aims of the study were increasing number and length of shoots, rooting and acclimatized plantlets enhancement. Results showed in establishment stage, single nodal segments responded better than terminal shoots. MT medium supplemented with 1.5 mg / L BA + 40 mg / L ADS + 0.2 mg / L IAA was superior on single nodal segments response and the percentage was 100% for both rootstocks. At Multiplication stage results showed superiority of BA on 2ip and the highest rate of shoot proliferation at the concentration 2mg/l BA+0.2mg/l NAA which reached 5.48 shoots / explants .In the rooting stage results showed that the MS medium with full strength of the concentration of salt with a 2 mg / l NAA increased the rooting percentage and the number of roots per shoot up to (90%, 3.96) respectively for Sacaton and (100%,4.14) respectively for Troyer .Most plantlets 90% , 84% for Troyer and Sacaton respectively were acclimatized when cultured on soil consist of 1:1 sand: peat moss.

The reseach aims to study most important factors those affecting Profit function and estimate stochastic production function to measure technical efficiency . The study used cross-section data from random sample consist of 64 poultry farmers from Diayla Province.The results showed description analysis of production costs from ,that variable and fixed costs consist about 88.78% and 11.12% from total costs respectivty. The results of quantitative analysis of Profit function showed that price of product was the most important factor that affecting in profit when compared with other varaibles of product quantity and cost average .The study used stochastic border approch to estimate super production function which have two independent varaibles (Labour and Capital ) ,and the analysis aproved by using (ML) Maximum Liklihood their compatible with economic logic .Labour was most affecting on Polutary production,while technical efficiency average was 0.98 .when studying the relation between size of project and technical efficiency and profit we found that the optimal capacity was 50.5 -100.5 thousand bird because it achived efficiency about 0.99 and profit about 897.06 Dinar/Kg .The study proved the hypothesis that said (The Miximize Outpout is not always Miximize Profit).

This study was conducted at the laboratory of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala during the season of 2013 .The study was aimed to improve the storage capabilities of date palm C.V AlZuhdi subjected to cold, freezing and room storage temperatures. In addition, this study was also focused on testing the effect of packing under four different vacuums (-1,-2,-3,-5) Kg\cm2 using the polyethylene plastic bags on fruit marketing value. Freezing with (-5)Kg\cm2 vacuuming gave the most significant result in terms of retaining fruit's water content , reduced sugars , and reducing total acidic ratio where no significant differences were observed in term of total sugars in all vacuum treatments . Moreover , no fruit damage was exhibited when storing at freezing temperature with all vacuum treatments . However, a damage of 20% and 100% were observed when stored at cold and room temperatures, respectively after 9 months of storing. As for quality test, vacuuming under -3 and -5 Kg\cm2 with cold and freezing storage gave the best results in terms of taste and fruit appearance

Two field experimentswere conducted during spring and autumn seasons of Vigna radiata L.in the year 2014 at botanical garden of Department of Biology ،College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn-Al-Haithem ، University of Baghdad .The experiments aimed to study the effect of different concentrations of glutathione (25 ، 50 ،75،100 mg.L-1 ) added to control treatment and soaking of seed with H2O2 5،10،15 mM.L-1 on some enzymatic antioxidant of Vigna radiata L. . The results showed an increase in total activity of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) with 100 mg.L-1 of glutathione by 69.32% ، 40.93% for the two seasons and increased with 15 mM.L-1 H2O2 by 100% ، 28.53% . The interaction between the two treatments was significant .The activity of Peroxidase (POD) was increased with 100mg.L-1 glutathione by 29.45% ، 88.15% and with 15 mM.L-1 of H2O2 175.57% ، 40.58%،also the interaction between the two treatment was significant .The total activity of Catalase (CAT) increased with 100 mg.L-1 of glutathione by 55.47% for first season only and increased with 15mM.L-1 of H2O2 by 118.29% ، 71.78% .The interaction was significant between the two factors of experiment .The result showed that the total activity of glutathione peroxidase(GPX)increased with 100 mg.L-1 of glutathione by 30.905 ، 63.62% also increased with 15mM.L-1 of H2O2 by 12.86% ، 61.40% for two seasons ، the interaction between the two treatment was significant for the first growth season. All results compared with control plants. The result showed the concentration of 100 mg.L-1 glutathione and concentration of 15 mM.L-1 hydrogen peroxide caused an increased for most study parameters.

The experiment was conducted by used RCBD with in glass house (9 m×56m)that appendage to the department of Horticulture &landscape design / College of Agriculture /Diyala Univ. during the season 2013- 2014 in sandy loam soil to study the effect of biofertilizer (Azotobacter , EM1 , biobacter ) humic acid in growth and yield on tomato class candilla . The results was showed that bio fertilizer gave substantial effect in length of plant , total chlorophyll in the leaves , concentrations of NPK and total yield compared with control . Azotobacter gave highest values in length of plant concentrations of NPK and total yield tender to add the humic acid ,that significantly increase as amount of 5.48% , 18.5% , 61.53% , and 76.25% compared with control .Treatment EM1 gave highest values in total chlorophyll as given at 62.46% ,That significantly increase as amount of 10.33% .Treatment Azotobacter with humic acid gave highest values in length of plant and concentrations of NPK and total yield, that significantly increase as amount of 6.25%, 38.33% , 116.66% , 46.08% and 105.43% compared with control and without addition of humic acid followed by treatment of biofertilizer EM1 then biobacter.

Anexperiment was carried out under laboratory condition using completely randomized design to study the effect of incubation time of agricultural sulfur biological oxidation. The sulfur was applied to silt clay soil with three levels: 0,1 and 2 gm S kg-1 dry soil, and incubated for 15,30 and 45 days at 28 + 2C° kept at 60+2% of the W.H.C than some soil chemical properties were evaluated. The results showed a significant effect for sulfur application on the soil properties, mainly at level 2gm Skg-1 soil, which decreased soil pH and increased soil EC, sulfate and available phosphorus concentrations in the soil. The incubation period also showeda significant effect on reducing soil pH,the minimum value was recorded after 30 days incubation, while highest values for EC, sulfates and available phosphorus content were found after 45 days of incubation.

Experiment was carried out in the college of Agriculture, Unversity of Diyala during the winter season 2013-2014. The aim of study was to determine the influence of potassium levels and water stress on the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) class parents of 99 for different growth stages and to identity the sensitive stages to water stress. Experiment was carried out according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in Factorial experiment. The study was consist of 12 treatment in three replicates three levels of potassium fertilizer added to the soil in a form of , Potassium sulphate (0-75-150)Kg K.Ha-1 , while the treatments of tensile moisture , were a cut Retin non - consecutive terms in three stages ( the branch and elongation and flowering) in addition to the , control treatment with out cut . The results of the study recorded increased of plant height , number of branch , leaf area and shoot at level of Potassium fertilizer (150)7.49 cm , 27.80 branch.m2- , 16.74 gm.plant-1 Respectively. Tensile caused moisture (cut irrigation) to reduce the number of branches in the branching stage to reduce the leaf area and shoot in the flowering stage (11.69 branch.m2- ,63.46 cm2, 49.51gm.plant1) Respectively.

This study was implemented in the tissue cultures lab., College of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib during the period Nov. 2011 to June 2014.. It was aimed to Influence of culture conditions on in vitro micrografting of Plum by using two root stock: Myrob lan plum and Garnem while the budding : (Santa Rosa and Golden Japanese) P.salicina L, The result can be summarized as follow. . The Micro grafting method V gave higher success rate( 55%) than T inverted method which gave 12.5%. The periods of darkness, two weeks gave higher success rate 52% while one week, Three days gave 40and 25% respectively. The Micro grafting medium 2 for micro grafting and rooting medium gave higher success (50%) than medium 1for Micro grafting only which gave 40%.

This study was implemented in the tissue culture lab., College of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib during the period Nov. 2011 to June 2014.. It was aimed to Effect of Brassinolide Benzyl Adenine and Auxins on In vitro propagation of Myroblan plum and Garnem Rootstock . The Sodium hypochloride concentration at 4.5% for 15 minutes was more effective on explants disinfestations. Percentages of contaminated explants decreased to 0.00% for Garnem and Myrob lan rootstocks respectively. In establishment stage , single nodal segments responded better than terminal shoots. MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg / L NAA of outgrowth explants in the field for Garnem and Myrob lan rootstocks gave responded 60% and 40% respectively. But the medium provided with 0.3 mg / L IAA for Garnem and Myrob lan gave responded 40%, suitable for Myrob lan responded with 100% but Garnem gave responded rate 50% with 0.4 mg / L . In multiplication stage , MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg / L BL + 2 mg / L BA was the best for number of shoot for Garnem and Myrob lan (15.62 and 17.38 shoots / explants) respectively . In Rooting stage , MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg / L IBA or NAA gave 100% rooting percentage for Garnem and Myrob lan.

This study aimed to determine the water requirements and grain yield for rice (Oryza sativa L. ) using 16 genotypes of aerobic rice had gotten from the International Rice Research Institute in Philippine and two local genotypes (Anbar 33 and Yasamin) under three irrigation methods namely flooding, alternate wetting and drying and sprinkler. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with four replicates. In flooded irrigation a constant depth of 0.05-0.1 m water covered soil surface through the growth season. Whereas in AWD and sprinkler irrigation methods water was applied when the average of soil water potential (SWP) reached 30kpa and 50 kpa respectively, at the 0.30 m depth and then bring it back to the saturation. Alternate wetting and drying and sprinkler irrigation methods reduce the quantity of irrigation water by 34.8% , 42.1% respectively, as compared with flooded irrigation which gave the largest water consumption 2286 mm. season-1. There were significant differences between flooded and sprinkler irrigation method for grain yield 4723.1 , 3656.9 kg.h-1 respectively. Wherease, there were nonsignificant differences between flooded and alternate wetting and drying methods which was closely to 89.7%. Therefore, the use of modern technologies for irrigation methods such as alternate wetting and drying and sprinkler irrigation and the use of new genotypes of rice tolerant to drought (Aerobic rice) are effective ways to increase yield and to save irrigation water for the save of water resources management strategy to combat the current deficiency in water resources

Afield experiment was conducted in Agriculture College – University of Baghdad in the season 2012 to study the effect of addition organic fertilizer, phosphorous sources and amounts of irrigation water in availableof phosphorus in the soilbyusing three levels of irrigation water amounts at rates 60 % , 80 % ,100 % of the total water requirement in the season amounting 675 mm and two levels of organic compost ( Humo-Bacter A)) are zero and 1.5 Mg.ha -1and three sources of phosphate fertilizer ( triple super phosphate TSP, di ammonium phosphate DAP, urea phosphate UP) at rate 100 kg.ha-1. The results showed surpass urea phosphate significantly on other P sources with concentration reached 33.75 mg P. kg-1.soil. addition of organic fertilizer effected significantly in an increasing P availability in soil to 31.69 mg P. kg-1 .level of W3(100% of total water requirement) achieved high concentration among other levels reached 32.94 mg P. kg-1.soil.results indicated that the double and tri interactions W3M1,W3P3,M1P3,W3M1P3 achieved high p availability in soil reached to 38.02,38.8,40.8, 48.4 mg p.kg soil -1 ,respectively.

To study impact of organic fertilizer, P sources and irrigation water amounts in content of corn from phosphorus afield experiment was conducted in Agriculture College – University of Baghdad at year 2012 by using three sources of fertilizers phosphate ( triple super phosphate TSP, di ammonium phosphate DAP, urea phosphate UP) at rate 100 kg p.ha-1 and two levels of organic fertilizer (0,1.5 Mg.ha-1) and three levels of irrigation water which were levels 60%,80%,100% of total water requirement by plant (675mm). theresults showed superiority source urea phosphate UP significantly between different sources of phosphorus in P concentrations increased in each of the dry matter and grain , which amounted to 0.27% , 0.67% respectively. Addition of organic fertilizer significantly impact where achieved the highest rate of the concentration of phosphorus in the dry matter and grain amounted to 0.24% , 0.58% respectivly . level W3 (100% of the total water requirement ) achieved the highest rate of concentration of P compared to the levels other , also effected significantly di and tri interaction in the concentrations of P in the dry matter and grain respectivly

This study was conducted in the Mandali Palm Station- General Authority for Palm – Ministry of Agriculture. During the growing season of 2013-2014 to study the effect of adding biofertilizers (EMI) and organic (Seaweed extract and gibberellin) in promoting off shoots growth of date Palm varieties Barha and Khallas, propagated by tissue culture. Arandomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a factorial experiment was used in the study. Results showed that tricombination treatment seaweed extract and gibberellin and EMI recorded significant increase in all vegetative growth characteristics (number and length of leaf, stem diameter, number of bads, length and width of leaflet and numbr of leaflets of leaf)

The experiment was conducted in fields of college of Agriculture _ University of Diyala during spring season 2013 to study the impact of exogenous application of ascorbic acid (AsA) and salicylic acid (SA) at concentration 2 and 0.2 mM respectively on sunflower (C3) and maize (C4) plants after exposure them to salt stress using the salt of NaCl were: control, 50 and 100 mM respectively. The results of this experiment were significantly increasing in content of total phenols and α_tocopherol, however the content of β_carotene and H2O2 were decreased under salt stress. Foliar application of AsA and SA on C3 and C4 plants which grow under salt stress induction the non-enzymatic system. The content of total phenols, α_tocopherol and β_carotene increased with foliar application of ascorbic acid and salicylic acid, however the content of H2O2 was decreased

The experiment were conducted in fields of college of Agriculture_ University of Diyala during spring season 2013 to study the impact of exogenous application of ascorbic acid and salicylic acid at concentration 2 and 0.2 mM respectively on sunflower (C3) and maize (C4) after exposure them to salt stress using the salt of NaCl were: control, 50 and 100 mM respectively.The results of this experiment significantly reduced photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a and b), relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), but total soluble sugars was increased with increasing salt stress. Foliar application of ascorbic acid and salicylic acid of C3 and C4 plants which grow under salt stress was improved photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a and b), total soluble sugars water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI) were increased with exogenous application of ascorbic acid and salicylic acid.

The study was conducted at the Department of Horticulture Field / Faculty of Agriculture / Diyala University agricultural season 2014-2015. Where the study was six agricultural communities and three plant densities influence the growth and production of garlic Allium sativum L. of the National product. The study included 18 treatment is a consensus among the six agricultural communities are soil (control) and peat moss mixture peat moss with sawdust ratio of 1: 2 and peat moss with sand ratio of 1: 2 and composting cows with sawdust ratio of 1: 2 and composting cows with soil by 1 : 1 and three plant densities are 40,80,120 plant. m -2 and studied the characteristics of plant height and number of leaves and diameter neck of the bulb and the rate of head weight and the weight of the bulb the overall and winning and the ratio soluble solids in the lobes can be summarized results The study also follows: - The study results showed superiority amid peat moss with sawdust morally in my recipe plant height and total winning of the plant while the superiority of Amidst peat moss in my recipe number of leaves and the ratio soluble solids at all circles while outweigh amid peat moss with sand in diameter onion recipe neck. As for the transactions plant density showed a plant density of 120 plant.m -2 significant superiority in my recipe plant height and winning the overall of the plant gave the plant density while 40 plant.m -2 morally superior to the rest of the adjectives densities in the head and the weight ratio of soluble solids. Interference has affected the Amidst peat moss of sawdust and plant density 120 plant .m -2 morally in increasing recipe plant height, and gave the t peat moss treatment of overlap between the soil and plant density 120 plant .m -2 holds the highest total of garlic while the overlap between Amidst peat moss and plant density exceeds 40 plant .m -2 In my recipe weight of the head and the percentage of soluble solids.

A field experiment has been conducted in certain farm of Kana'n town of Diyala province during the growing season of 2013- 2014, to investigate the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on three genotypes from Cauliflower cauliflower on growth characteristics of vegetative, and crops. This experiment included 18 processes of treatment, in which a conformation is made among three genotypes of Cauliflower Nhar, Soled and G4 with the addition of six types of organic and chemical fertilizers. The organic fertilizers involve (poultry manure, sheep manure and cow manure) while the chemical fertilizers include ( DAP fertilizer and triple superphosphate fertilizer), and control treatment (without fertilization). A factorial experiment is carried out by using Split Plot design within Complete Randomized Block Design, with three replicate. The data were tested by L.S.D (Least Significant Difference) test among the averages with probability level of 0.05. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: There are significant differences among genotypes in terms , the average weight of the total plant the average weight of inflorescence and distinguished by considerable decrease in nitrates of inflorescence content genotype G4 exceeds in traits of leaves number. Plants genotypes of Soled and G4 gave largest values of total chlorophyll in plants.The treatment processes of organic fertilizer by using poultry manure and chemical fertilizer by using DAP fertilizer exceeded and caused a significant increase in most examined characteristics of vegetative, floral and crops growth, in which the given fertilized plants by poultry manure exceeded in the value of chlorophyll in leaves, the average weight of the total plant, the average diameter of inflorescence.

This study was conducted in the spring season for 2014 in Albutheyb in the west of Al-Anbar city. Using two potato tuber seeds Solanum tuberosum L. Riviera and Desiree cultivars class Elite. Using foliar spraying with the bat guano waste extract and micro elements by three times for both. The experiments had 7 treatments: 1-Control. 2-Full soil fertilizer recommendation without spraying. 3-Half-soil fertilizer recommendation + spraying with microelements 1g.l‾¹.4-Half-soil fertilizer recommendation + spraying with bat guano waste extract 15ml.l‾¹. 5-Half- soil fertilizer recommendation +spraying with bat guano waste extract 30ml.l‾¹. 6-Half-soil fertilizer recommendation + spraying with microelements 1g.l‾¹+spraying with bat guano waste extract 15ml.l‾¹. 7- Half-soil fertilizer recommendation + spraying with microelements 1g.l‾¹+ spraying with bat guano waste extract 30ml.l‾¹.Potato seeds were planted in 25\1\2014 using splitplot design in RCBD with three replicates for each treatment. Results showed a significant superiority of Riviera CV. on Desiree CV. in the following trait tuber weight mean and marketable tuber weight mean .The treatment half-soil fertilizer recommendation + spraying with microelements + spraying with bat guano waste extract 15ml.l‾¹ significant superiorities on control treatment in each of plant height , number of stems , number of leaves , leaf area , marketable yield and total yield at the rates of 54.6 cm , 2.91 stems , 45.6 leaves.plant‾¹ and 121.6 dc². 61.24 ton.h‾¹ and 62.99 ton.h‾¹ respectively.

An experiment was conducted in Al-Haronia district of Al-Muqdadiyah city in Province of Diyala during the agricultural season of 2013-2014 to investigate the effect of vernalization by four application methods (unvernalized plants, vernalized plants by seeds, vernalized saplings and vernalized by seeds and saplings). It deals with effect of Gibberellins spraying with three rates of concentration 0,75,150 mg per 1 liter as well as the effect of Humic acids spray with three rates of concentration 0,100,200 mg per 1 liter in growth and harvest of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitat). A factorial experiment was fulfilled by using a Split-split plot design and three blocks. The outcomes proved that, Vernalization, Gibberellins and Humic acids have statistically significant impact on the features of vegetative growth and certain effect on the product with significant varieties among the applications specifically that of comparison. The veranlized plants by seeds were of higher values in terms of (the number of inner leaves, the required duration for the growth of 50% of cabbage head, the total weight of the plant, the total weight of the harvest). The values can be distributed respectively as follows: 47.44 leaf per plant -1, 71.14 day, 2.51 kg and 25.16 ton per donam 1000 sq.m.. The sprayed plants by Gibberellins proved higher values particularly with concentration of 150 mg per 1 liter -1 in terms of the following features (the number of leaves, the total weight plant, and the total weight of the harvest).The values can be distributed respectively: 46.31 leaf per plant-1, 4.00 kg, and 26.33 ton per donam 1000 sq.m.. The sprayed plants by Gibberellins with concentration of 75 mg per 1 liter proved higher values in terms of the following features (the required duration for the growth of 50% of cabbage heads) and their values were distributed respectively: 69.83 day. The sprayed plants by of Humic with concentration of 200 mg per 1 liter proved higher levels in the following features (the number of leaves, and the required duration for growth, the total weight of the plant, the weight of cabbage head, the total weight of the harvest) and their values were listed respectively out of the following: 47.11 leaf per plant -1, 71.25 day, 4.10 kg, 28.27 kg per dunum-1. In respect to triple interferences or three-way interactions, the vernalized plants by seeds and sprayed plants by Gibberellins with concentration of 75 mg per 1 liter and the sprayed plants by humic with concentration of 200 mg per 1 liter-1 presented higher values in the following characteristics (the required duration for the growth, the total weight of the plant, the total weight of the crops) and their values are presented respectively: 67.33 day, 4.66 kg, and 33.50 kgs per1 donum. The vernalized plants by seeds and sprayed plants by Gibberellins with concentration of 150 mg per 1 liter-1 along with sprayed plants by humic acids with concentration of 200 mg per 1 liter showed higher values in the following features (the number of inner leaves) and their values are showed successively as in 53.00 leaf.